• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bone endosteum

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Biodegradable Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composites on the Bone Defect of Canine Model

  • Kim, Jooho;Lee, Dongbin;Heo, Suyoung;Kim, Namsoo
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.410-413
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    • 2017
  • Composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan (CS) have been successfully used in bone healing in humans and animals. However, the characteristics of HAp and CS are different. Therefore, the effects of HAp/CS composites on canine bone formation could differ according to their ratio. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of different contents ratios (100, 80:20, 60:40 wt%) on bone defects in a canine model. Thirty intrabony cylindrical defects were created in the humeruses and femurs of 5 beagle dogs, and then the defects were implanted with different composites. The evaluations were performed using radiographs obtained at 10 weeks post-surgery and by histological findings. In radiographic evaluation including the grades of bone filling, periosteal and endosteal reactions, pure hydroxyapatite composite had a significant effect on bone filling, and chitosan containing the composites showed vigorous responses at the periosteum and endosteum. In histological findings, the defect implanted with pure hydroxyapatite had healed completely into mature bony tissue with an obvious osteon structure, and the defect implanted with chitosan containing the composites had the amount of fibrous connective tissue increased significantly within the cortical bone tissue. The results indicate that hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites are therapeutically useful, promoting effective bone healing in defects when the ratio of hydroxyapatite is high and enhanced fibrous connective tissue formation at the periosteum as more chitosan is added.

BONE METASTASIS MODEL OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (구강 편평상피세포암의 골전이 모델)

  • Park, Young-Wook;Oh, Yu-Jin;Lee, Hee-Su
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.118-125
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    • 2010
  • Background and Purpose: Bone metastases rarely occur in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), so the molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis of OSCC remains unclear. Studies with animal models allow progresses in understanding the molecular events for bone metastasis and provide new targets for therapy. So we tried to establish a murine model for bone metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Human OSCC cells (KB cell line) were xenografted to nude mice via direct inoculation into the tibial marrow. Mice with tibial tumors were sacrificed once a week, until seven weeks after the injection of human tumor cells. Growth of tibial tumors were observed by histology. Expression of TGF-$\beta$ and CXCR-4 in bone OSCC (experimental) and subcutaneous tumor (control) was also evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Bone OSCC was successfully induced by intra-tibial injection of KB cells. Tumor mass was developed in the marrow tissues of tibia and finally invade the endosteum of tibia. Immunohistochemical staining showed higher expression of TGF-$\beta$ in bone tumors than in subcutaneous tumors. Conclusion: A murine model of bone metastasis of OSCC was suggested that imitated the clinical findings of distant vascular metastasis. This bone tumor model should facilitate understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of OSCC bone metastasis, and aid in the developement of treatment strategies against OSCC bone metastasis.

Photon dose response functions for accurate skeletal dosimetry for Korean and Asian populations

  • Bangho Shin;Chansoo Choi;Rui Qiu;Suhyeon Kim;Hyeonil Kim;Sungho Moon;Gahee Son;Jaehyo Kim;Haegin Han;Yeon Soo Yeom;Chan Hyeong Kim
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.56 no.6
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    • pp.2195-2207
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    • 2024
  • To enhance skeletal dosimetry in conjunction with the adult mesh-type reference Korean phantoms (MRKPs), Korean/Asian photon fluence-to-skeletal dose response functions (DRFs) were established utilizing an updated version of micro-CT-based detailed bone models from Tsinghua University. These bone models were incorporated into the MRKPs using the parallel geometry feature of Geant4. We calculated bone-site-specific electron absorbed fractions and used them to generate DRFs, following a similar methodology employed for ICRP-116 DRFs that have been used with the ICRP reference phantoms for skeletal dosimetry. To assess dosimetric implications of the Korean/Asian DRFs, we calculated RBM and BE doses for the MRKPs exposed to photon beams in the antero-posterior direction using the Korean/Asian and ICRP-116 DRFs. For energies ≥200 keV, the Korean/Asian DRFs-based skeletal doses exhibited excellent agreement with the ICRP-116 DRFs-based skeletal doses, attributed to the existence of charged particle equilibrium across the bone site. Conversely, significant differences of up to ~2.3 times were observed at lower energies, due to differences in the skeletal tissue distributions of bone models used to derive the Korean/Asian and ICRP-116 DRFs. The DRFs established in this study are expected to yield more accurate skeletal doses for Korean and Asian populations compared to the ICRP-116 DRFs.

PERIPHERAL OSTEOMA OF THE MANDIBLE BODY : A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (하악골체에 발생한 주변성 골종의 증례 보고)

  • Hwang, Ju-Hong;Kim, Tae-Wan;Lee, Jeong-Keun;Song, Seung-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.380-383
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    • 2009
  • Osteoma is a slow growing benign osteogenic lesion characterized by proliferation of compact or cancellous bone. Osteomas may be classified as peripheral, central, or extraskeletal. Central osteoma arise from the endosteum, pheripheral osteoma from the periosteum, and extraskeletal soft tissue osteoma within a muscle. Peripheral osteoma of the mandible is uncommon. They manifest as asymptomatic, fixed tumors of bony-hard consistency that may be sessile or pedunculated. Radiographically, a well circumscribed round or oval radiopaque mass is seen. Here, we report a case of a huge solitary peripheral osteoma of the buccal posterior mandible in a 40-year-old woman who was otherwise in good health. The patient visited at the dental clinic because the lesion makes esthetic problem. Treatment was performed by surgical esthetic recontouring and histological examination. The patient remains free of recurrence after surgical esthetic recontouring operation.

Ultrasonic methods for measuring the cortical bone thickness in bovine tibia in vitro (생체 외 조건의 소 경골에서 초음파를 이용하여 피질골 두께를 측정하기 위한 방법)

  • Lee, Kang Il
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.557-563
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    • 2022
  • The cortical bone thickness of the tibia is related to fracture risk and overall bone status. The present study aims to investigate the feasibility of two different ultrasonic methods for measuring the cortical bone thickness in bovine tibia in vitro. In the reflection technique, the tibial cortical thickness was determined from ultrasonic reflections from the periosteum and the endosteum producing specific peaks in the signal envelope. In the axial transmission technique, the tibial cortical thickness was determined from ultrasonic guided wave velocities measured along the axial direction of the tibia. The cortical bone thickness determined by using the reflection technique correlated significantly with that measured by using a caliper, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of r = 0.97 (p < 0.0001). In contrast, the correlation coefficients for the axial transmission technique were r = 0.92 (p < 0.0001) for the first arriving signal method and r = 0.89 (p < 0.0001) for the slow guided wave method. Clinical feasibility should be demonstrated with an in vivo application to address the question whether the ultrasonic methods presented here could be useful as a screening tool for osteoporosis and potentially could be applied to other skeletal sites such as the femur and the radius.

Frontal peripheral osteomas: a retrospective study

  • Geon Hwi Kim;Young Soo Yoon;Eun Kyung Kim;Kyung Hee Min
    • Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.24-27
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    • 2023
  • Background: Osteomas are benign, slow-growing bone tumors that can be classified as central, peripheral, or extraskeletal. Central osteomas arise from the endosteum, peripheral osteomas from the periosteum, and extraskeletal osteomas within the muscle. Frontal peripheral osteomas are mainly encountered in plastic surgery. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with frontal peripheral osteomas. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who visited our hospital with frontal peripheral osteomas between January 2014 and June 2022. We analyzed the following variables: age, sex, tumor type (sessile or pedunculated), single or multiple, size, history of head trauma, operation, and recurrence. Results: A total of 39 patients and 41 osteomas were analyzed, of which 29 osteomas (71%) were sessile and 12 osteomas (29%) were pedunculated. The size of the osteomas ranged from 4 to 30 mm, with an average size of 10 mm. The age of patients ranged from 4 to 78 years with a mean age of 52 years. There were seven men (18%) and 32 women (82%), and the man-to-woman ratio was 1:4.6. Two patients (5%) had multiple masses, with two osteomas in each, while only two patients (5%) had a history of head trauma. Twenty-nine patients (74%) underwent ostectomy by a direct approach, and none of the patients experienced recurrence. Conclusion: The epidemiologic data of our study will help plastic surgeons encounter frontal peripheral osteomas in the field to provide proper management for their patients.

The Effects of Fluoride Administered Systemically during Rat Development on Forming Bone (발생중인 흰쥐에 전신적으로 투여된 불소가 골형성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Do-Seon;Ahn, Yong-Soon;Kim, Eun-Sook;Bae, Hyung-Joon;Chang, Byung-Soo
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.265-273
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to observe the influences of the water fluoride concentration on the growth changes, the histologic characteristics of osteoblast in the tibia of growing newborn rats by using electron microscopy and on the composition changes of bone matrix in those by using energy dispersive x-ray system (EDX). The water fluoride concentration was respectively 0 ppm (contrast group), 100 ppm (100 ppm group), 200 ppm (200 ppm group) and 300 ppm (300 ppm group). The results of the investigation by using electron microscopy were as followed. In contrast group, the traditional cuboidal osteoblasts were observed. In 100 ppm group, several reversal line, the newly formed osteoid by the strongly activated osteoblast and the well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria in cytoplasm of osteoblast were observed. Also, many secretory vesicle around cell membrane were observed and some fused with cell membrane released secretory granule out of cell. In 200 ppm group, the depressed osteoblasts were observed, mitochondria in cytoplasm were expanded and cristae shape in mitochondria were destroyed. Also, the ribosome at the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum were not observed. In 300 ppm group, the adjacent osteoblasts with endosteum were irregularly arranged, the cell membrane were destroyed and organelles were flowed out of cell. On the other hand, the results of the investigation by using energy dispersive x-ray system were as followed. P and Ca concentrations in 100 ppm group were increased more than those in contrast group. But, in 200 and 300 ppm group were not increased more than those in 100 ppm group. Therefore, the activities of the osteoblasts were increased, the bone matrix were actively synthesized by the supplied water fluoride. But, the osteoblasts were destroyed, inhibited by the higher water fluoride concentration.

New skeletal dose coefficients of the ICRP-110 reference phantoms for idealized external fields to photons and neutrons using dose response functions (DRFs)

  • Bangho Shin;Yumi Lee;Ji Won Choi;Soo Min Lee;Hyun Joon Choi;Yeon Soo Yeom
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.1949-1958
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    • 2023
  • The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 116 was released to provide a comprehensive dataset of the dose coefficients (DCs) for external exposures produced with the adult reference voxel phantoms of ICRP Publication 110. Although an advanced skeletal dosimetry method for photons and neutrons using fluence-to-dose response functions (DRFs) was introduced in ICRP Publication 116, the ICRP-116 skeletal DCs were calculated by using the simple method conventionally used (i.e., doses to red bone marrow and endosteum approximated by doses to spongiosa and/or medullary cavities). In the present study, the photon and neutron DRFs were used to produce skeletal DCs of the ICRP-110 reference phantoms, which were then compared with the ICRP-116 DCs. For photons, there were significant differences by up to ~2.8 times especially at energies <0.3 MeV. For neutrons, the differences were generally small over the entire energy region (mostly <20%). The general impact of the DRF-based skeletal DCs on the effective dose calculations was negligibly small, supporting the validity of the ICRP-116 effective DCs despite their skeletal DCs derived from the simple method. Meanwhile, we believe that the DRF-based skeletal DCs could be beneficial in better estimates of skeletal doses of individuals for risk assessments.

Experimental Studies on Heat Conductivity of Human Bone and Torsional Strength of Pasteurized Porcine Tibia (생체골의 열전도성 및 열처리된 골의 염전력 변화에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • Park, Il-Hyung;Kim, Sin-Gun;Shin, Dong-Kyu;Ihn, Joo-Chul
    • The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 1995
  • In countries where confucianism is popular, it is extremely hard to get fresh cadaver bone for allograft. Therefore in Korea, the reimplantation of resected autoclaved autogenous bone segments has been increasingly performed for limb reconstruction of extremities with malignancies. To preserve the bone morphogenetic protein and mechanical strength of heated bone, many studies have reported that pasteurization of bone is far better than autoclaving over $100^{\circ}C$. Based on this assumption, replacement with a pasteurized autogenous bone graft after resection of a malignant bone tumor was deemed feasible for reconstruction. However, little is known about how high a temperature and how much time for pasteurization is needed to make tumors completely necrotic and to maintain the mechanical strength of bone. Consequantly, experimental studies were carried out to test heat conductivity of human bone and torsional strength of porcine tibia after pasteurization. First, two pairs of human proximal tibia and distal femur were used. We used T-type thermocoples to check core temperature of the bone and a computerized data acquisition system to record results. Without reaming of the medullary cavity, in a $60^{\circ}C$-thermostatic saline tub, it took 32 minutes and 50 seconds to raise the core temperature of human proximal tibia from $20^{\circ}C$ to $58^{\circ}C$, and 30 minutes for distal femur. In a $80^{\circ}C$ saline tub, it took 12 minutes and 50 seconds for proximal tibia, and 11 minutes and 10 seconds for distal femur. In contrast, using porcine tibia whose cortical thickness is similar to that of human tibia, after reaming of the medullary canal, it took less than 3 minutes and 30 seconds in a $60^{\circ}C$ saline tub, less than 1 minute and 45 seconds in a $70^{\circ}C$ tub, and less than 1 minute in a $80^{\circ}C$ tub to elevate core temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $58^{\circ}C$. Second, based on data of the heat conductivity test, we compared the torsional strength before and after pasteurization. Twenty matched pairs of porcine tibia were used, The left one was used as a non-heated control group and the right one as a pasteurized experimental group. Wighout reaming of the medullary cavity, there was no statistical difference in torsional strength between the pasteurization of the $60^{\circ}C$-35minute and of $80^{\circ}C$-15minute. With reaming, we also found no statistical difference among pasteurization of $60^{\circ}C$-15 minute, of $70^{\circ}C$-15 minute, and of $80^{\circ}C$-15 minute groups. In conclusion, reaming of the medullary canal is very helpful in saving pasteurization time. And, in a $60^{\circ}C$ saline tub, no significant weakness in torsional strength occurs with pasteurization of the bone for up to 35 minutes. Also no significant weakness in torsional strength occurs with an exposure of 15 minutes to the $80^{\circ}C$ saline tub.

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