• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2020

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory bone disease characterized by pain and swelling without any detectable infectious factors, the main feature is mild to moderate bone pain. CRMO commonly develops in the metaphyses of long bones and clavicles in children or adolescents. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is the isolated form of CRMO and the etiology of CNO is still unclear. This report describes a rare case of CNO of the mandible in an 8-year-old female patient. On the basis of clinical, histological, and radiological findings, CNO was diagnosed. The patient was asymptomatic after surgical curettage followed by antibiotic therapy. Cone beam CT scan revealed a nearly completed bone healing after three months.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.373-376
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• 2002

Most previous studies using ultrasound for osteoporosis diagnosis have employed ultrasound in a frequency range of 0.2-1 MHz. In this study, acoustic properties of the 12 defatted bovine cancellous bone specimens were investigated in vitro. Speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) were measured using three matched pairs of transducers with the center frequencies of 1, 2.25, and 3.5 MHz, respectively, in order to cover a broad frequency range of 0.5-2 MHz. The relative orientation between ultrasonic beam and bone specimens was the mediolateral (ML) direction of the bovine tibia. SOS showed significant linear positive correlations with apparent density for all three pairs of transducers of 1 MHz, 2.25 MHz, and 3.5 MHz, respectively. BUA showed relatively weak correlations with apparent density for the pairs of transducers of 1 MHz and 2.25 MHz. Furthermore, in the measurement with the pair of 3.5 MHz transducers, BUA was independent of apparent density. SOS and BUA were only weakly correlated with each other. The linear combination of SOS and BUA showed significant correlations with apparent density. These results suggest that the frequency range up to 1.5 MHz may be also useful in the osteoporosis diagnosis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.27.1-27.9
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• 2020

Apical surgery for a mandibular molar is still challenging for many reasons. This report describes the applications of computer-guided cortical 'bone-window technique' using piezoelectric saws that prevented any nerve damage in performing endodontic microsurgery of a mandibular molar. A 49-year-old woman presented with gumboil on tooth #36 (previously endodontically treated tooth) and was diagnosed with chronic apical abscess. Periapical lesions were confirmed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Endodontic microsurgery for the mesial and distal roots of tooth #36 was planned. Following the transfer of data of the CBCT images and the scanned cast to an implant surgical planning program, data from both devices were merged. A surgical stent was designed, on the superimposed three-dimensional model, to guide the preparation of a cortical window on the buccal side of tooth #36. Endodontic microsurgery was performed with a printed surgical template. Minimal osteotomy was required and preservation of the buccal cortical plate rendered this endodontic surgery less traumatic. No postoperative complications such as mental nerve damage were reported. Window technique guided by a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture based surgical template can be considerably useful in endodontic microsurgery in complicated cases.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2019

A bone metastasis is an important factor for prognosis and treatment of breast or prostate cancer patients. [$^{18}F$]Sodium fluoride ([$^{18}F$]NaF) is a PET radiopharmaceutical that can detect bone metastasis. Conventional [$^{18}F$]NaF production process included radioactive metal impurities because the product was prepared by adding saline after beam irradiation to $[^{18}O]H_2O$. In this study, we apply the method of removing radionuclidic impurities. To meet the criteria prescribed by GMP in quality control, we designed the custom-made [$^{18}F$]NaF automatic module. The mean radiochemical yield was $82.1{\pm}4.4%$ (n = 32) productions for 3 years) and the total preparation time was 4 min. The final produced [$^{18}F$]NaF solution meets the USP criteria for quality control. Thus, this fully automated system is validated for clinical use.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Antlers from deer species are alternative animal by-products. Due to the oriental trade, the velvet antler industry is rapidly emerging in North America. The unique biological property of antler wish a deciduous natural phenomenon offers the valuable model of biomedical research. Growing antlers showed different structures according to cell populations consisting of mesenchymes, chondroblasts, chondrocytes and osseous tissues from distal to proximal portions of main beam. Their structures were different from two tissues, cartilage and bone, in growing antlers. Zone of maturing ants calcifying chondrocytes referred as upper section was invaded by osteoblasts indicating the occurrence of endochondral ossification. The cartilaginous tissues were gradually replaced by osseous tissues downward. The bony tissues referred as the middle and base sections in this thesis contained spongy bone and cortical bone structure in the difference of the degree of mineralization antral the thickness of cortical bony in adjacent to outer velvet layer. In addition, the endocrinological regulators such as testosterone, prolactin, growth hormones and other growth factors are actively involved in the unique deciduous nature shown in the growth and development of antler.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.229-237
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical feasibility of using dehydrothermally cross-linked collagen membrane (DCM) for bone regeneration around peri-implant dehiscence defects, and compare it with non-cross-linked native collagen membrane (NCM). Methods: Dehiscence defects were investigated in twenty-eight patients. Defect width and height were measured by periodontal probe immediately following implant placement (baseline) and 16 weeks afterward. Membrane manipulation and maintenance were clinically assessed by means of the visual analogue scale score at baseline. Changes in horizontal thickness at 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm below the top of the implant platform and the average bone density were assessed by cone-beam computed tomography at 16 weeks. Degradation of membrane was histologically observed in the soft tissue around the implant prior to re-entry surgery. Results: Five defect sites (two sites in the NCM group and three sites in the DCM group) showed soft-tissue dehiscence defects and membrane exposure during the early healing period, but there were no symptoms or signs of severe complications during the experimental postoperative period. Significant clinical and radiological improvements were found in all parameters with both types of collagen membrane. Partially resorbed membrane leaflets were only observed histologically in the DCM group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, compared with NCM, DCM has a similar clinical expediency and possesses more stable maintenance properties. Therefore, it could be used effectively in guided bone regeneration around dehiscence-type defects.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study was performed to characterize the effects of zirconia coated with calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite compared to smooth zirconia after bone marrow-derived osteoblast culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on (1) smooth zirconia, (2) zirconia coated with calcium phosphate (CaP), and (3) zirconia coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). The tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT test) was used for cell proliferation evaluation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured to evaluate the cellular morphology and differentiation rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed for the analysis of surface chemistry. The genetic expression of the osteoblasts and dissolution behavior of the coatings were observed. Assessment of the significance level of the differences between the groups was done with analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS. From the MTT assay, no significant difference between smooth and surface coated zirconia was found (P>.05). From the SEM image, cells on all three groups of discs were sporadically triangular or spread out in shape with formation of filopodia. From the ALP activity assay, the optical density of osteoblasts on smooth zirconia discs was higher than that on surface treated zirconia discs (P>.05). Most of the genes related to cell adhesion showed similar expression level between smooth and surface treated zirconia. The dissolution rate was higher with CaP than HA coating. CONCLUSION. The attachment and growth behavior of bone-marrow-derived osteoblasts cultured on smooth surface coated zirconia showed comparable results. However, the HA coating showed more time-dependent stability compared to the CaP coating.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.92-96
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• 2010

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thickness of buccal and palatal alveolar bone and buccal bony curvature below root apex in maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults using Cone-beam CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The 3D image was reconstructed with dicom file obtained through CBCT from 20 - 39 year old Korean subjects (n = 20). The thickness of buccal and palatal plate, root diameter, the buccal bony curvature angle below root apex and the distance from root apex to the deepest point of buccal bony curvature were measured on maxillary anterior teeth area using OnDemand3D program. RESULTS. Mean thickness of buccal plate 3 mm below CEJ was $0.68{\pm}0.29\;mm$ at central incisor, $0.76{\pm}0.59\;mm$ at lateral incisor, and $1.07{\pm}0.80\;mm$ at canine. Mean thickness of palatal plate 3 mm below CEJ was $1.53{\pm}0.55\;mm$ of central incisor, $1.18{\pm}0.66\;mm$ of lateral incisor, $1.42{\pm}0.77\;mm$ of canine. Bucco-lingual diameter 3 mm below CEJ was $5.13{\pm}0.37\;mm$ of central incisor, $4.58{\pm}0.46\;mm$ of lateral incisor, and $5.93{\pm}0.47\;mm$ of canine. Buccal bony curvature angle below root apex was $134.7{\pm}17.5^{\circ}$ at central incisor, $151.0{\pm}13.9^{\circ}$ at lateral incisor, $153.0{\pm}9.5^{\circ}$ at canine. Distance between root apex and the deepest point of buccal bony curvature of central incisor was $3.67{\pm}1.28\;mm$ at central incisor, $3.90{\pm}1.51\;mm$ at lateral incisor, and $5.13{\pm}1.70\;mm$ at canine. CONCLUSION. Within the limitation of this study in Korean adults, the thickness of maxillary anterior buccal plate was very thin within 1mm and the thickness of palatal plate was thick, relatively. The buccal bony curvature below root apex of maxillary central incisor was higher than that of lateral incisor and canine and it seems that the buccal bony plate below root apex of central incisor is most curved.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the sagittal root position of maxillary anterior teeth and report the frequency of each classification in Korean for immediate implant placement. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of cone-beam computed tomography (cone-beam CT) images was conducted on 120 patients (60 male and 60 female) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After reorientation of the axis, cone-beam CT images were evaluated and the relationship of the sagittal root position (SRP) of the maxillary anterior teeth to its associated osseous housing was recorded. Class I, II, and III were classified respectively when the root was positioned on the labial, central, and palatal aspect of the alveolar bone. Class IV was the position that at least two thirds of the root is engaging both the labial and palatal cortical plates. Then, the angulation of the root axis and the alveolar bone axis was measured. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the angulation according to the root position and SRP class. Results: The frequency distribution of sagittal root position of maxillary anterior teeth indicated that 81.1%, 10.3%, 1.9%, and 6.7% were classified as Class I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The sagittal angulation at approximately 77.5% of central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine was < 20 degrees, but the angle at more than 42.7% of canine was ≥ 20 degrees. Within the class, the angulation was statistically significantly greater in Class I (16.19) compared to Class II (8.72) and Class III (9.93), and smaller in Class IV (3.79). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, a majority of the maxillary anterior roots were positioned close to the buccal cortical plate. However, some roots have very thin alveolar bone and sagittal angulation larger than 30 degrees. Therefore, cone-beam CT analyses of the sagittal root position and the sagittal angulation are recommended for the selection of the appropriate dental implant treatment approach.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.538-547
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• 2018

ITK-SNAP (http://www.itksnap.org) and 3D Slicer (CMFreg extension module; www.slicer.org) are open-source softwares which can be used for superimposition of cone-beam CT images. For superimposition, segmentation of bone is done with ITK-SNAP, and then voxel based superimposition of CBCT images can be performed using 3D Slicer. 3D Slicer has various visualization modules which are not provided in common commercial programs. 'Models' module is used to visualize two overlapping three-dimensional images, and this allows various visualizations by changing view mode and color of the model. In addition, differences between two CBCT images can be represented in a color map using 'ShapePopulationViewer' module. This report introduces how to superimpose and visualize CBCT images using ITK-SNAP and 3D Slicer, and the usefulness and limitations of both softwares will be discussed in comparison with commercial softwares.