• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.189-213
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• 2020

Stainless-clad (SC) bimetallic steels that are manufactured by metallurgically bonding stainless steels as cladding metal and conventional mild steels as substrate metal, are kind of advanced steel plate products. Such advanced composite steels are gaining increasingly widespread usage in a range of engineering structures and have great potential to be used extensively for large civil and building infrastructures. Unfortunately, research work on the SC bimetallic steels from material level to structural design level for the applications in structural engineering field is very limited. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the material behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels under the cyclic loading which structural steels usually could encounter in seismic scenario. A number of SC bimetallic steel coupon specimens are tested under monotonic and cyclic loadings. The experimental monotonic and cyclic stress-strain curves of the SC bimetallic steels are obtained and analysed. The effects of the clad ratio that is defined as the ratio of the thickness of cladding layer to the total thickness of SC bimetallic steel plate on the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels are studied. Based on the experimental observations, a cyclic constitutive model with combined hardening criterion is recommended for numerical simulation of the cyclic behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels. The parameters of the constitutive model for the SC bimetallic steels with various clad ratios are calibrated. The research outcome presented in this paper may provide essential reference for further seismic analysis of structures fabricated from the SC bimetallic steels.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.692-698
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• 2011

The thermo-chemical treatment (TCT) process was applied to achieve surface hardening of CP titanium. The following three different surface modification conditions were tested so that the best surface hardening process could be selected:(a) PVD, (b) TCT+PVD, and (c) TCT+Aging+PVD. These specimens were tested and analyzed in terms of surface roughness, wear, friction coefficient, and the gradient of hardening from the surface of the matrix. The three test conditions were all beneficial to improve the surface hardness of CP titanium. Moreover, the TCT treated specimens, that is, (b) and (c), showed significantly improved surface hardness and low friction coefficients through the thickness up to $100{\mu}m$. This is due to the functionally gradient hardened surface improvement by the diffused interstitial elements. The hardened surface also showed improvement in bonding between the PVD and TCT surface, and this leads to improvement in wear resistance. However, TCT after aging treatment did not show much improvement in surface properties compared to TCT only. For the best surface hardening on CP titanium, TCT+PVD has advantages in surface durability and economics.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical properties of plywood used as a thermal insulating material for LNG CCS (Liquefied Natural Gas, Cargo Containment System). It is created by bonding an odd number of parallel and perpendicular direction for preventing contraction and expansion of wood. Also plywood is widely used as LNG CCS insulating material because of its durability, light weight and high stiffness. Since LNG CCS is loaded with liquid cargo, the impact load by sloshing during operation and the wide temperature range (room temperature, low temperature, cryogenic temperature) exposed during loading, unloading should be considered. The thickness of the plywood which is used for the membrane type MARKIII was selected as the thickness of the test specimen. In this present study, plywood is analyzed by the fracture behavior and mechanical properties of plywood by temperature and grain direction. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the fracture shape and predict the fracture strain by using regression model because the critical load may cause cracks inside the tank, which may affect the leakage of cryogenic liquid.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2019

One way of appling 3D printing to garments is through the combination of 3D polymer filaments in textile fabrics. it is essential to understand the interface between the polymer and the 3D composite fabric in order to enhance the adhesion strength between the polymers and the peeling strength between the fabric and the polymer. In this study, the adhesion of composite printed specimens using a combination of fabric and polymers for 3D printing was investigated, and also the change in adhesion was investigated after the composite fabric printed with polymers was subjected to constant pressure. Through this process, the aims to help develop and utilize 3D printing textures by providing basic data to enhance durability of 3D printing composite fabrics. The measure of the peeling strength of the composite fabric prepared by printing on a fabric using PLA, TPU, Nylon polymer was obtained as follows; TPU polymer for 3D printing showed significantly higher peel strength than polymers of composite fabric using PLA and Nylon polymer. In the case of TPU polymer, the adhesive was crosslinked because of the reaction between polyurethane and water on the surface of the fabric, thus increasing the adhesion. It could be observed that the adhesion between the polymer and the fiber is determined more by the mechanical effect rather than by its chemical composition. To achieve efficient bonding of the fibers, it is possible to modify the fiber surface mechanically and chemically, and consider the deposition process in terms of temperature, pressure and build density.

• Composites Research
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2020

공학 및 산업 분야에서는 구조적인 부분들에서 경량 복합 소재가 강과 같은 금속 소재를 대체해 오고 있다. 이러한 복합 소재는 리벳, 용접이나 볼트 및 너트를 이용한 체결 방법을 대신하여 접착제 체결 방법을 적용하고 있다. 복합 소재에 접착제 체결 방법을 적용하기 위해서는 접착계면에 대한 강도 특성 연구가 필수적으로 요구된다. 섬유 강화 플라스틱 복합 소재인 CFRP를 용이하게 가공하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. CFRP와 알루미늄(Al6061), 알루미늄 폼(Al-foam)을 가진 이종 복합 소재로 된 경사진 이중외팔보(TDCB) 시험편들로서 면내 전단과 면외 전단의 하중 조건들하에서 정적 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 이중외팔보들의 파괴 특성과 그 파단 시점을 파악하여 접착계면을 가진 이종 복합 소재 구조물에 관한 내구성을 검토하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2022

This research presents tetrahedral amorphous (ta-C) coating on the artificial tooth for improving the durability and functionality (esthtics, foreign body of tooth) by filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA). A differentiated coating method is required for a ta-C coating on polymer owing to the low melting point of the polymer, inter-facial adhesion, low friction, and non-conductivity. Herein, ta-C coating is applied below 50℃, and the potential difference of the carbon plasma drawn to the substrate was controlled by applying a positive duct bias voltage without using a substrate bias voltage. Consequently, the ta-C coating with a thickness of 70nm using the duct bias condition of 20V with the highest plasma intensity satisfies the esthetics of the artificial tooth and had a 5B level of inter-facial adhesion. In addition, the composite hardness of ta-C/polymer is 380 MPa, and correlations with esthetics, sp³ bonding, and mechanical properties. The friction coefficient (CoF) of the ta-C coating in a water-lubricated environment is 0.07, showing a six-fold reduction in CoF compared with that of a polymer.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

전기차용 전력변환모듈의 성능향상 요구와 종래의 Si 전력반도체의 한계 극복을 위해 차세대 전력반도체인 wide-bandgap (WBG) 기반 전력반도체로의 전환이 가속화되고 있다. WBG 전력반도체로의 전환을 위해 전력변환모듈 패키징 소재 역시 높은 고온 내구성을 요구받고 있다. 전력변환모듈 패키징 공정 중 하나인 Ag 소결 다이접합 기술은 종래의 고온용 Pb 솔더링의 대체 기술로 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Ag 소결 다이접합 기술 관련 최신 연구동향에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 소결 다이접합 공정 조건에 따른 접합부 특성을 비교하고 Ag 소결층의 3차원 이미지 구현에 따른 다공성 Ag 소결 접합부의 물성 측정 방법론에 대해 고찰하였다. 또한 열충격 및 파워사이클 신뢰성 평가 연구동향을 분석하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.509-527
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• 2024

Bonding carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates have been extensively employed in the restoration of steel constructions. In addition to the mechanical properties of the CFRP, the bond strength (P_U) between the CFRP and steel is often important in the eventual strengthened performance. Nonetheless, the bond behavior of the CFRP-steel (CS) interface is exceedingly complicated, with multiple failure causes, giving the P_U challenging to forecast, and the CFRP-enhanced steel structure is unsteady. In just this case, appropriate methods were established by hybridized Random Forests (RF) and support vector regression (SVR) approaches on assembled CS single-shear experiment data to foresee the P_U of CS, in which a recently established optimization algorithm named Aquila optimizer (AO) was used to tune the RF and SVR hyperparameters. In summary, the practical novelty of the article lies in its development of a reliable and efficient method for predicting bond strength at the CS interface, which has significant implications for structural rehabilitation, design optimization, risk mitigation, cost savings, and decision support in engineering practice. Moreover, the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test was performed to depict each parameter's impact on the target. The order of parameter importance was t_c> L_c > E_A > t_A > E_c > b_c > f_c > f_A from largest to smallest by 0.9345 > 0.8562 > 0.79354 > 0.7289 > 0.6531 > 0.5718 > 0.4307 > 0.3657. In three training, testing, and all data phases, the superiority of AO - RF with respect to AO - SVR and MARS was obvious. In the training stage, the values of R² and VAF were slightly similar with a tiny superiority of AO - RF compared to AO - SVR with R² equal to 0.9977 and VAF equal to 99.772, but large differences with results of MARS.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2002

본 연구는, PbO-base 유리계의 정보와의 비교 등을 통해 Bi-base 조성 PDP rib으로의 새로운 유리조성 설계를 위한 기초연구의 일환이다. PbO와 유사한 밀도값 및 작업 용이성을 갖고 있는 Bi를 도입한 $Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3-ZnO$ 조성계에 대해, 연화점, 열팽창계수, 에칭성, 유전율 등의 특성측정 및 XPS로 조성에 따른 구조변화 등을 조사하였다. $Bi_2O_3$를 50∼80 wt%까지 폭넓게 첨가된 $Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3-ZnO$계 유리들은 조성에 따라 연화점이 400∼480$^{\circ}C$, 열팽창계수가 $68{\sim}72{\times}10^{-7}/^{\circ}C$, 유전상수는 13∼25으로서 동조성의 Pb-base 조성계와 유사한 물성치를 나타내었다. 특히, Bi의 함유량이 70∼65 wt%의 조성의 경우, 성분 및 물성의 미세조정 등을 통해 rib 재료의 출발조성으로서 적용가능성이 확인되었다. $Bi_2O_3$의 양이 감소함에 따라 $O_{1s}$ peak에서의 결합에너지의 증가와 반가폭(FWHM)이 감소하였는데, 이는 비가교산소의 증가에 기인하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.533-544
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• 2015

해양환경에 노출된 콘크리트는 육상에서 건설되는 콘크리트와 달리 해풍, 조력, 파도, 파랑 등에 의한 물리적 작용과 해수의 $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $Cl^-$ 및 $Mg^{2+}$ 이온 등에 의한 화학적 침식작용 및 동결융해 등 가혹한 환경에 노출되어 콘크리트의 내구성을 크게 저하시킨다. 해중 콘크리트의 대규모 시공은 콘크리트의 강도손실은 물론 알칼리(pH) 및 중금속 등 환경유해물질이 용출될 수 있어 이에 대한 충분한 검토와 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 전기로 환원슬래그로부터 CSA 자극제를 개발하고 전기로 산화슬래그를 콘크리트용 골재로 활용하여 인공리프용 친환경콘크리트를 개발하였다. 초기강도는 Normal concrete보다 낮게 나타나 친환경콘크리트의 초기강도 품질향상을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하였으며, 친환경콘크리트의 해수저항성은 양생일 1년 대비 평균 강도손실이 8~9% 발생하였다. 고함량 고로슬래그 미분말과 고비중 전기로 산화슬래그 골재를 사용한 친환경콘크리트를 동결융해저항성 재료로써 충분히 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 친환경콘크리트의 중금속 용출특성은 콘크리트의 수화반응을 통한 경화과정에서 중금속 성분은 화학적 결합을 통해 고정화되기 때문에 환경유해성 기준 이하이거나 검출되지 않아 유해물질 용출에 안전하다는 것을 확인하였다.