DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Cyclic behaviour and modelling of stainless-clad bimetallic steels with various clad ratios

  • Liu, Xinpei (School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney) ;
  • Ban, Huiyong (Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability of China Education Ministry, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Zhu, Juncheng (School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University) ;
  • Uy, Brian (School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney)
  • Received : 2019.09.03
  • Accepted : 2019.11.18
  • Published : 2020.01.25

Abstract

Stainless-clad (SC) bimetallic steels that are manufactured by metallurgically bonding stainless steels as cladding metal and conventional mild steels as substrate metal, are kind of advanced steel plate products. Such advanced composite steels are gaining increasingly widespread usage in a range of engineering structures and have great potential to be used extensively for large civil and building infrastructures. Unfortunately, research work on the SC bimetallic steels from material level to structural design level for the applications in structural engineering field is very limited. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the material behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels under the cyclic loading which structural steels usually could encounter in seismic scenario. A number of SC bimetallic steel coupon specimens are tested under monotonic and cyclic loadings. The experimental monotonic and cyclic stress-strain curves of the SC bimetallic steels are obtained and analysed. The effects of the clad ratio that is defined as the ratio of the thickness of cladding layer to the total thickness of SC bimetallic steel plate on the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels are studied. Based on the experimental observations, a cyclic constitutive model with combined hardening criterion is recommended for numerical simulation of the cyclic behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels. The parameters of the constitutive model for the SC bimetallic steels with various clad ratios are calibrated. The research outcome presented in this paper may provide essential reference for further seismic analysis of structures fabricated from the SC bimetallic steels.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China

This work in this paper was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778329, 51608300) and the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0705500, 2018YFC0705503). The first author was supported through a postdoctoral fellowship provided by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Project (LP150101196) awarded to the fourth author. All the sources of support are gratefully acknowledged.

References

  1. Averseng, J., Bouchair, A. and Chateauneuf, A. (2017), "Reliability analysis of the nonlinear behaviour of stainless steel cover-plate", Steel Compos. Struct., 25(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.25.1.045.
  2. Baddoo, N.R. (2008), "Stainless steel in construction: a review of research, applications, challenge and opportunities", J. Constr. Steel Res., 64(11), 1199-1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.07.011.
  3. Ban, H.Y, Bai, R.S, Yang, L, and Bai, Y. (2019), "Mechanical properties of stainless-clad bimetallic steel at elevated temperatures", J. Constr. Steel Res., 162, 105704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105704.
  4. Ban, H.Y. and Shi, Y.J. (2018), "A innovative high performance steel product for structural engineering: Bi-metallic steel", Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Research and Practice for Steel Construction 2018, Hong Kong, September.
  5. Ban, H.Y., Shi, Y.J. and Tao, X.Y. (2017), "Use of clad steel in engineering structures", Proceedings of the 15th East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction, Xi'an, China, October.
  6. BS 7270:2006 (2006), Metallic materials - Constant amplitude strain controlled axial fatigue - Method of test, British Standards Institution; London, UK.
  7. Cai, Y. and Young, B. (2019), "Experimental investigation of carbon steel and stainless steel bolted connections at different strain rates", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(6), 551-565. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.6.551.
  8. CECS 410-2015 (2015), Technical specification for stainless steel structure, China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization (CECS); Beijing, China.
  9. Chaboche, J.L. (1986), "Time-independent constitutive theories for cyclic plasticity", Int. J. Plasticity, 2(2), 149-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-6419(86)90010-0.
  10. Chaboche, J.L. (1989), "Constitutive equations for cyclic plasticity and cyclic viscoplasticity", Int. J. Plasticity, 5, 247-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-6419(89)90015-6.
  11. Dai, X. and Lam, D. (2010), "Axial compressive behaviour of stub concrete-filled columns with elliptical stainless steel hollow sections", Steel Compos. Struct., 10(6), 517-539. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2010.10.6.517.
  12. De Matteis, G. Brando, G. and Mazzolani, F. M. (2012), "Pure aluminium: An innovative material for structural application in seismic engineering", Constr. Build. Mater., 26, 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.071
  13. Dusicka, P., Itani, A.M. and Buckle, I.G. (2007), "Cyclic response of plate steels under large inelastic strains", J. Constr. Steel Res., 63, 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.071.
  14. Feng, R., Zhu, W., Wan, H., Chen, A. and Chen, Y. (2018), "Tests of perforated aluminium alloy SHSs and RHSs under axial compression", Thin-Wall. Struct., 130, 194-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.03.017.
  15. Gardner, L. (2019), "Stability and design of stainless steel structures - Review and outlook", Thin-Walled Structures, 141, 208-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.04.019.
  16. GB 50017 (2017), Standard for design of steel structures, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of PRC; Beijing, China.
  17. GB/T 228.1 (2010), Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) and Standardization Administration of China (SAC); Beijing, China.
  18. GB/T 700 (2006), Carbon structural steels, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) and Standardization Administration of China (SAC); Beijing, China.
  19. GB/T 8165 (2008), Stainless steel clad plates, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) and Standardization Administration of China (SAC); Beijing, China.
  20. Guo, X., Wang, L., Shen, Z., Zou, J. and Liu, L. (2018), "Constitutive model of structural aluminium alloy under cyclic loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 180, 643-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.291.
  21. Guo, X., Xiong, Z., Luo, Y., Qiu, L. and Liu, J. (2015), "Experimental investigation on the semi-rigid behaviour of aluminium alloy gusset joints", Thin-Wall. Struct., 87, 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.11.001.
  22. Hai, L.T., Sun, F.F., Zhao, C., Li, G.Q. and Wang, Y.B. (2018), "Experimental cyclic behavior and constitutive modeling of high strength structural steels", Constr. Build. Mater., 189, 1264-1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.028.
  23. Han, L.H., Xu, C.Y. and Tao, Z. (2019), "Performance of concrete filled stainless steel tubular (CFSST) columns and joints: Summary of recent research", J. Constr. Steel Res., 152, 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.02.038.
  24. He, A. and Zhao, O. (2019), "Experimental and numerical investigations of concrete-filled stainless steel tube stub columns under axial partial compression", J. Constr. Steel Res., 158, 405-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.04.002.
  25. He, L., Togo, T., Hayashi, K., Kurata, M. and Nakashima, M. (2016), "Cyclic behaviour of multirow slit shear walls made from low-yield-point-steel", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 142(11), 04016094. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001569.
  26. Hibbit, H.D., Karlsson, B.I. and Sorensen, E.P. (2016), ABAQUS 2016 User's Manual, Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen Inc, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA.
  27. Ho, H.C., Liu, X., Chung, K.F., Elghazouli, A.Y. and Xiao, M. (2018), "Hysteretic behaviour of high strength S690 steel materials under low cycle high strain tests", Eng. Struct., 165, 222-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.03.041.
  28. Hu, F. (2016), "Study on seismic behavior and design method of high strength steel frames", Ph.D. Dissertation, Tsinghua University, Beijing.
  29. Hu, F., Shi, G. and Shi, Y. (2016), "Constitutive model for fullrange elasto-plastic behavior of structural steels with yield plateau: Calibration and validation", Eng. Struct., 118, 210-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.060.
  30. Hu, F., Shi, G. and Shi, Y. (2018), "Constitutive model for fullrange elasto-plastic behavior of structural steels with yield plateau: Formulation and implementation", Eng. Struct., 171, 1059-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.037.
  31. Huang, Y. and Young, B. (2018), "Design of cold-formed stainless steel circular hollow section columns using direct strength method", Eng. Struct., 163, 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.02.012.
  32. Javidan, F., Heidarpour, A., Zhao X.L. and Fallahi, H. (2017), "Fundamental behaviour of high strength and ultra-high strength steel subjected to low cycle structural damage", Eng. Struct., 143, 427-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.04.041.
  33. Jia, L.J. and Kuwamura, H. (2013), "Prediction of cyclic behaviors of mild steel at large plastic strain using coupon test results", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 140(2), 04013056. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000848.
  34. Li, D., Uy, B., Aslani, F. and Hou, C. (2019), "Behaviour and design of spiral-welded stainless steel tubes subjected to axial compression", J. Constr. Steel Res., 154, 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.11.029.
  35. Liao, F.Y.., Han, L.H., Tao, Z. and Rasmussen, K.J.R. (2017) "Experimental behavior of concrete filled stainless steel tubular columns under cyclic lateral loading", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 143(4), 04016219. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001705.
  36. Liu, X., Bai, R. Uy, B. and Ban, H. (2019a), "Material properties and stress-strain curves for titanium-clad bimetallic steels", J. Constr. Steel Res., 162, 105756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105756
  37. Liu, X., Uy, B. and Mukherjee, A. (2019b), "Transmission of ultrasonic guided wave for damage detection in welded steel plate structures", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 445-461. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.445
  38. Ma, Z.Y., Hao, J.P. and Yu, H.S. (2018), "Shaking-table test of a novel buckling-restrained multi-stiffened low-yield-point steel plate shear wall", J. Constr. Steel Res., 145, 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.02.009.
  39. Nip, K.H., Gardner, L., Davies, C.M. and Elghazouli A.Y. (2010), "Extremely low cycle fatigue tests on structural carbon steel and stainless steel", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66, 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.08.004.
  40. Ramberg, W. and Osgood, W.R. (1943), "Description of stressstrain curves by three parameters", Technical Note No. 902; National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, DC, USA.
  41. Shi, G., Gao, Y., Wang, X. and Zhang, Y. (2018), "Mechanical properties and constitutive models of low yield point steels", Constr. Build. Mater., 175, 570-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.219.
  42. Shi, G., Wang, M., Bai, Y., Wang, F., Shi, Y. and Wang, Y. (2012), "Experimental and modeling study of high-strength structural steel under cyclic loading", Eng. Struct., 37, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.12.018.
  43. Shi, Y., Wang, M. and Wang, Y. (2011), "Experimental and constitutive model study of structural steel under cyclic loading", J. Constr. Steel Res., 67, 1185-1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.02.011.
  44. Silvestre, E., Mendiguren, J., Galdos, L. and De Argandona, E.S. (2015), "Comparison of the hardening behaviour of different steel families: From mild and stainless steel to advanced high strength steels", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 101-102, 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2015.07.013.
  45. Sim, J.C. and Hughes, T.J.R. (1998), Computational Inelasticity, Springer-Verlag Inc, New York, NY, USA.
  46. Smith, L. (2012), "Engineering with clad steel, 2nd Edition", Nickel Institute Technical Series $N^{0}$, 10064, 1-24.
  47. Su, M.-N., Young, B. and Gardner, L. (2014), "Deformation-based design of aluminium alloy beams", Eng. Struct., 80, 339-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.08.034.
  48. Su, M.-N., Zhang, Y. and Young, B. (2019), "Design of aluminium alloy beams at elevated temperatures", Thin-Wall. Struct., 140, 506-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.03.052.
  49. Theofanous M. and Gardner, L. (2012), "Effect of element interaction and material nonlinearity on the ultimate capacity of stainless steel cross-sections", Steel Compos. Struct., 12(1), 73-92. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2012.12.1.073
  50. Usami, T., Gao, S. and Ge, H. (2000), "Elastioplastic analysis of steel members and frame subjected to cyclic loading", Eng. Struct., 22, 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00103-5.
  51. Wang, J., Uy, B. and Li, D. (2019), "Behaviour of large fabricated stainless steel beam-to-tubular column joints with extended endplates", Steel Compos. Struct., 32(1), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.32.1.141.
  52. Wang, M., Fahnestock, L.A., Qian, F. and Yang, W. (2017), "Experimental cyclic behavior and constitutive modeling of low yield point steels", Constr. Build. Mater., 131, 696-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.035.
  53. Wang, Y.B., Li, G.Q., Cui, W., Chen, S.W. and Sun, F.F. (2015), "Experimental investigation and modeling of cyclic behavior of high strength steel", J. Constr. Steel Res., 104, 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.09.009.
  54. Wang, Y.Q., Chang, T., Shi, Y.J., Yuan, H.X., Yang, L. and Liao, D.F. (2014), "Experimental study on the constitutive relation of austenitic stainless steel S31608 under monotonic and cyclic loading", Thin-Wall. Struct., 83, 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.01.028.
  55. Xu, L., Nie, X., Fan, J., Tao, M. and Ding, R. (2016), "Cyclic hardening and softening behavior of the low yield point steel BLY160: Experimental response and constitutive modeling", Int. J. Plasticity, 78, 44-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2015.10.009.
  56. Xu, L.Y., Nie, X. and Fan, J.S. (2016), "Cyclic behaviour of lowyield-point-steel shear panel dampers", Eng. Struct., 126, 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.08.002.
  57. Yang, L., Zhao, M., Chan, T.M., Shang, F. and Xu, D. (2016), "Flexural buckling of welded austenitic and duplex stainless steel I-section columns", J. Constr. Steel Res., 122, 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.04.007.
  58. Yousefi, A.M., Lim, J.B.P., Uzzaman, A., Lian, Y., Clifton, G.C. and Young, B. (2016), "Web crippling strength of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel-sections with web openings subjected to interior-one-flange loading condition", Steel Compos. Struct., 21(3), 629-659. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.3.629.
  59. Zhou, F., Chen, Y. and Wu, Q. (2015), "Dependence of the cyclic response of structural steel on loading history under large inelastic strains", J. Constr. Steel Res., 104, 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.09.019.
  60. Zhou, F. and Li, L. (2016), "Experimental study on hysteretic behavior of structural stainless steel under cyclic loading", J. Constr. Steel Res., 122, 94-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.03.006
  61. Zhu, J.C., Ban, H.Y., Shi, G. and Zhang, Y. (2018), "Cyclic tests of stainless-clad steel plates", Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Research and Practice for Steel Construction 2018, Hong Kong, China, September.
  62. Zirakian, T. and Zhang, J. (2015), "Structural performance of unstiffened low yield point steel plate shear wall", J.Constr. Steel Res., 112, 40-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.04.023.