• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of body type(thin, standard, fat), necktie width(narrow, medium, wide), gender(man, woman) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 9 color pictures manipulated with the combination of necktie-width and body type using computer simulation. The subjects were 116 male undergraduates and 99 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness, stability, and boldness. In the young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness and stability, body type and necktie-width showed independent effect. In the boldness, body type showed independent effect. Significant interaction effects of body type and necktie-width on young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness and stability were found. For young-activity image, necktie of narrow width were effective. For attractiveness-gracefulness image, body type of standard were effective. For stability image, body type of standard and body type of thin on necktie of narrow and medium width were effective. The male fashion image can be perceived differently according to combination of the clues used in body type and necktie-width. Therefore, when the male fashion to create images that will have to consider the body type and necktie width.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2006

1. Objectives The body shape is an important standard for the classification of Sasang Constitutions. Using physical measure­ments and statistical analysis we can understand it's characteristic objectively. 2. Methods In this study, we have measured body circumferences and widths of 562 patients who were treated with Sasang Constitutional medicine. Their anthropometric data were transformed into the ratio based on Sasang Constitutional medicine. 3. Results (1) Taeyangin female's ratio of iliac width to chest width was most large, but Taeyangin male's was most small. (2) Soyangin's ratios of axillary width to waist width and chest width to iliac width were large. that is, their uppor body was large and lower body was small. (3) Taeumin's ratios of head and neck circumference to body circumference were small. the ratio of waist width to axillary width was most large. (4) Soeumin's ratio of head circumference to waist circumference was most large. and their uppor and lower body was larger than middle body. (5) Irrespective of Sasang Constitutions, male's ratios of axillary width to waist width and chest width to iliac width were larger than female's. 4. Conclusions From the above results, when we classify Sasang Constitutions using physical measurements we must consider gender differences and characteristics of Sasang Constitutional body shape.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.893-907
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• 2001

The main purpose is to study the effects of princess lines on different body types and to disguise any imperfection by using diverse princess lines. We separated testers body shapes into specific body types, H, Y by applying both the direct and the indirect measurements. These designs were evaluated by using the point ranking system method, and then average scores were obtained from these evaluations. Following are the results of the study: 1 These are the resulting illusion effects when the shoulder width of the Princess line was fixed. When the Princess line originated from 1/3 point of the armhole, body types Y appeared to show narrow waist width. A-line silhouette appeared to display the narrowest shoulder width. When the Princess line originated from 2/3 point of the armhole, body types H and Y appeared to exhibit narrowest waist widths, and the A-line silhouette once again displayed the narrowest shoulder width. When the Princess line originated from 1/2 point of the armhole, body type H appeared to exhibit narrow width; and H-line silhouette displayed the narrowest shoulder width 2. When the Princess lines waist w'4th was fixed in order to study illusion effects of waist widths. In this experiment, locations of Princess lines and widths of the skirt were varied. When the waist width was fixed at 6.5 cm, For the H body type, the Princess line location of 1/3 point of the armhole in H-line silhouette design exhibited the narrowest waist width. For the Y body type in A-line silhouette design, the Princess line locations of 1/3 and 1/2 points of the armhole exhibited the narrowest waist width because it displayed the hourglass effect. When the waist width was fixed at 10 cm, H body type did not exhibit any significant differences between designs. For Y body type, A-line silhouette design with the Princess line origination point at 1/3 down the armhole exhibited the narrowest waist width. 3. The illusion effects of the hip were studied by fixating the width of the skirt and varying the locations of Princess line and waist widths. In H-line skirt silhouette designs, all two body types exhibited narrow hips when the Princess line origination points were at 1/3 and 1/2 way down the armhole. For A-line skirt silhouette, H body type exhibited narrow hips when narrow waist design with the Princess line originating from 1/2 point in the shoulder was shown. Y body type exhibited narrow hips when narrow waist design with the Princess line originating from 1/3 point of the armhole and 2/3 point of the shoulder. 4. With both waist and skirt widths fixed, all two body types exhibited taller and slender postures when the Princess line originated from the shoulder compare to the armhole.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the differences of body image when the stripe direction and width change of semi-tight skirt. The semi-tight skirt pattern was made using the standard size of a women in their 20s. 12 semi-tight skirt models combining 6 kinds of stripe directions and 2 kinds of stripe widths were made using CLO 3D virtual clothing system. The data was evaluated by 126 fashion design majors. The results were as follows; In accordance with the body image factor analysis of semi-tight skirt, three image factors were identified; whole body optical illusion, calf optical illusion and hip optical illusion. Among these factors, the whole body optical illusion factor is the most important factor. The body image depending on the stripe direction and width change of semi-tight skirt mostly showed the significant difference. In accordance with the analysis on the interaction effect of body image depending on the stripe direction and width change of semi-tight skirt, the whole body, calf and hip optical illusion factors showed the significance. The interaction of body image had independent influence on all factors of stripe direction and width. In particular, the interaction of stripe direction and width had the most significant influence on the whole body optical illusion.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.723-733
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the effects of the difference between actual and perceived body type and body cathexis on satisfaction with fit and 2) to identify the effect of the difference between chronological and ideal age of middle-aged woman on satisfaction with fit of ready-to-wear. For this study, questionnaires were administered to 500 middle-aged woman in Kwangju. Employing 402 respondents, data were analyzed by using $X^2$-test, t-test and Pearson Correlation. The results were as follows; 1) There were significant differences between actual and perceived body types among middle-aged women. Those who were inconsistent with actual and perceived body types had a tendency to perceive themselves to be obeser than actual body. 2) Those who were inconsistent with actual and perceived body types had a lower satisfaction level with apparel fit sites at jacket length, hip width, crotch length and waist width than those who were consistent with actual and perceived body types. 3) Correlation for body cathexis and satisfaction with fit of ready-to-wear was significantly positive. 4) There were significant differences between chronological and ideal ages. 5) Those who were inconsistent with chronological and ideal ages had a lower satisfaction level with apparel fit sites at neckline, shoulder width, bust, sleeve length, sleeve width, Jacket length, waist width, hip width and skirt length than those who were consistent with chronological and ideal ages.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.182-194
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• 2001

The main purpose is to study lines on different body types and to disguise any imperfections by using diverse princess lines. We separated festers body shapes into specific body types, A, H by applying both the direct and the indirect measurements. Following are the results of the study: 1. nose are the resulting illusion effects when the shoulder width of the princess line was fixed. In case of the armhole princess line, the illusion that the waist intervals were narrow or wide in A-line silhouette. In case the shoulder princess line, when the waist interval was narrow, it appeared to show narrow shoulder in A-line silhouette. While the wide waist interval shows the wide shoulder width in H-line silhouette. It regards body type H in the same light as H-line silhouette when the waist interval is narrow, it appeared to show narrow shoulder width in A-line silhouette. When the waist interval was wide, it appeared to give the narrow shoulder width. 2. When the princess lines waist width was fixed in order to study illusion effects of waist widths. Generally, for body type A, Whether the waist interval princess line is narrow or wide, the princess line is located comparatively wide, in A-line silhouette appeared to show relatively slender waist. For body type H, whether the waist interval is narrow or wide, the princess line us situated comparatively narrow interval, H-line silhouette appeared to show sum waist but the differences are not significant 3. The illusion of the hip were studied by fixating the width of the skirt and varying the locations of princess line and waist widths. For the location of both armhole and shoulder princess line in H and A-line silhouette, the narrow shoulder width and the waist appeared to show narrow hips. mile they are wide appeared to show wide hips. 4. With both waist and skirt width fuel, all two body types showed taller and slender postures when the princess line originated from the shoulder compare to the armhole.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to design men's clothing pattern that supplemented the problems of body shapes, by grasping the physical characteristics of middle-aged men and classifying their body shapes through comparing measurements after carrying out the human-body measurement targeting 120 middle-aged men at the age of 35-49 in full. As to the technical-statistic analysis of the measurement items, it could be seen that the middle-aged people who are the research target, have the obese body shapes. As a result of carrying out the factor analysis by the measurement analysis, it was derived the totally five factors such as thickness and width, stature and height, weight and girth, the bust length, and the shoulder shape. The total communality is 78.47%, and as a result of the cluster analysis by the factor score, it was classified into three clusters. Type 1 is the body shape with the great stature, the waist region a little obese, and the biggest thickness, width and girth. It is a flat body shape with the narrow shoulder and the smallest difference between the breast width and the waist width. As type 2 is the body shape that is small stature and is relatively not fat, it is the shape with the biggest difference between the breast width and the waist width and with the wide shoulder. Type 3 is the body shape that belongs to the middle of type 1 and type 2, has the upper-part body longer than other body shapes, and has the developed breast region with the biggest bosom width and bosom thickness.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.26-43
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• 2023

This study sought to typify and characterize the upper body shape of women with large breasts by classifying only Korean adult women aged 20-69 years whose difference dimension between bust and underbust circumference was 12.5 cm or greater. This study attempted to provide necessary information for the development of upper body clothing for women with large busts. Upper body horizontal, upper body height, shoulder size, upper body length, and shoulder slop factor were extracted to constitute upper body shapes of women with large busts. Upper body shapes of women with large busts were classified into four types: low obese upper body tall body type, high normal upper body short body type, drooping shoulders slender upper body tall body type, and broad shoulders slender upper body short body type. Upper body proportions of women with and without large busts were analyzed as follows. Women with large breasts had narrower shoulder width compared to bust width and waist width. Their underbust and waist circumferences were larger than their bust circumferences. For the development of tops for women with large busts, bodice pattern development was required, taking into account shoulder width, chest, and upper body length. Future studies should focus on angles of busts in more detail. Research should be conducted on the development of bodice by upper body type of women with large busts analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2015

In this study, visual evaluation was wide pants with changes in length of pants and width of hem line of wide pants design to provide data which can enhance wearing image effects at the production of wide pants. According to the length of pants and width of hem line of wide pants, a total of 9 stimulants were chosen. Then, they were evaluated using a seven-point rating scale against 40 fashion students. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$'s Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows : 1. According to factor analysis, the components of visual evaluation depending on the length of pants and width of hem line of wide pants were divided into five factors: individuality, body correction, modesty, body length and cute. 2. According to visual evaluation depending on changes in the length of pants, no significant difference was found in all five positions. 3. According to visual evaluation depending on changes in the length of pants and width of hem line of wide pants, 'width of hem line 60, 100' revealed a significant difference in body correction. 'width of hem line 80' revealed a significant difference in body correction and body length. 4. In terms of interactions over changes in the length of pants and width of hem line of wide pants, no interaction effects were found in all five factors. According to multiple classification analysis(MCA) on the factors without interaction effects, length of pants had more effect on visual image in body correction, body length and cute. In other factors, more influence was observed depending on the width of hem line.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 1970

1. For the purpose of making the basic pattern construction 100 girls attending the Seoul National University College of Home Economics were measured in finding of body size and coefficient of correlation which would be used as one basis of this study. 2. Coefficient of correlation of each body part based on the breast width was shown as follows; Correlation coefficients of bust to waist and hip were high and those of bust to shoulder width, neck height, back width, and breast width were low. None of that was found between bust and back length. It was not recognized so scientific to adjust the basic pattern construction with figures proportioned by those of neck, shoulder width, breast width, and back width. 3. The method of basic pattern construction obtained by this research has been demonstrated in direct wearing since 1967. It is believed that the result will contribute a great benefit in teaching clothing as well as in mass production industry of ready-made garments.