• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the change of the body surface temperature during socialization of weaning pigs. A total of 108 piglets (Landrace 60 and Yorkshire 48) aged 31 (${\pm}1.1$) day was used for this study. Experiment was designed as follows; familiar group (T1), randomly mixed with unfamiliar piglets (T2), mixed based on weight of unfamiliar piglet (T3). The transport and mixing of pigs were performed at 10:00, and then body surface temperature was taken by thermo-graphic camera after 4 hours (14:00). Average surface temperature and hot-spot-temperature, which is the hottest spot of the body surface, were analyzed using Testo IRsoft 3.1 software. Average temperature of body surface were 36.0, 38.2, and 37.5 in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Average of body surface temperature in T2 and T3 were higher (p<0.001) than T1, and average temperature of body surface of T3 was greater (p<0.001) than that of T2. The hot-spot-temperature of T1, T2, and T3 were 38.7, 39.5, and 39.6, respectively. The hot-spot-temperature of T2 (p<0.01) and T3 (p<0.001) were significantly higher than that of T1. Above results demonstrate that grouping unfamiliar pigs leads to increase in the body temperature possibly by pigs aggressive behavior during social conflict. By the result on average body temperature, this study suggests that the mixing with similar body weight would increase the struggle time and frequency.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 2002

This study was performed to examine the distribution of mean body surface temperature in 11 clinically healthy dogs. In stable state, ventral and dorsal part of each individual is scanned by digital infrared thermography. The body surface temperature of dorsocranial(DCr), dorsocaudal(DCd), ventrocranial(VCr) and ventrocaudal(VCd) regions were measured by Region Of Interersts(ROI). The mean body surface temperatures of adult dogs were higher than those of puppies in each regions. In addition mean body surface temperature of the ventral region was higher than that of dorsal region.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.817-830
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between effects of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) and IFC(Interferrential Current Therapy) to the change of body surface temperature. Cases are 22 normal persons and 22 patients with low back pain. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging system was used for the detection of body surface temperature. 50Hz in frequency and 25-35mA in intensity were applied to TENS and IFC, 15 and 10 minutes on each. The results were follows ; 1. TENS and IFC has on effect of decreasing surface temperature, which would be from cardiovascular factors. (P<0.001) 2. The influence of IFC to the body surface temperature is greater than TENS, and it seems to be vasoconstriction of sympathetic activity. 3. There were no significant differences of body surface temperature between the two groups before and after electrical stimulation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate body temperature changes in rabbits anesthetized using water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA). Ten rabbits were used for this study. For the experimental group (wIRA group; wG, n = 5), the experimental equipment was used and irradiated using wIRA. The control group (CG, n = 5) did not have any warming device. There were no significant differences in heart rate, respiration rate, and end tidal CO₂ (EtCO₂) between wG and CG. After 80 min, the core body temperature of wG rabbits was significantly higher than that of CG rabbits. The surface body temperature was significantly higher while receiving wIRA support at all time points after 5 min. In conclusion, in rabbits under inhalation anesthesia, the surface body temperature was better maintained than the core body temperature when using wIRA.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the changes of body temperature and to identify the factors related to changes during surgery in burned patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 439 adult burned patients who had a surgery under general anesthesia at the Burn Center of a university hospital. Results: After surgery, body temperature of the burned patients declined from $36.6^{\circ}C$ to $35.2^{\circ}C$; 52.2% were hypothermia. There were significant differences in the changes of body temperature according to the participants' characteristics including American society of anesthesiologists physical status, type of burn injury, total burn surface area, range of exposure, operation time, anesthesia time, amount of fluid, blood transfusion, use of tourniquet, and the method of warming therapy. Factors that influence the temperature changes were total burn surface area (${\beta}=0.26$), operation time (${\beta}=0.25$), amount of fluid (0.20), and warming therapy including 'Room temperature setting + Heated circuit + Hot line'(${\beta}=0.09$) and 'Room temperature setting+one of others'(${\beta}=0.08$). Conclusion: Burned patients experienced a decrease of their body temperature during surgery despite of warming therapy. A nursing protocol is needed to provide an appropriate warming therapy based on their characteristics in burned patients.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.385-394
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• 1994

Data of the body surface is a necessary unit for the measuring of metabolism energy and activity energy. And also, these data are referring to check the degree of retaining warmth of clothes, to find the effect of heat insulation according to body surface, to calculate an average temperature of skin, and to study the several fields of clothing. In measuring of body surface, it si actually impossible to measure a subject's body surface in each experiment. As the experimental method, both gypsum method, by which the shape of body an be copied as it is, and the weighting method from which planed body surface area can be measured with consistent thickness of polyprophylene film as used. In fact, every female subject feels uncomfortable to measure her body surface as a naked body. There, it is providing a simple, accurate regressive equation with weight & height as variable factors in this study. This equation is as=117.02W+77.31H-3344.94 with average error : 0.1%, absolute average error : 2.07%.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

Obesity is excess body weight, defined as a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2. or 20% over than relative body weight (RBW). We can consider the surface temperature of obesity patients is related with fat distribution and differs from that of non obesity people. The temperature is measured by using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI). DITI was taken on 109 people without any specific disease. Among those subjects, obesity group is 77 and non obesity is 32. We measured the surface temperature by describing regular square on the upper arm, lower arm, palm, upper leg, lower leg, foot, upper abdomen and lower abdomen. The temperature of upper leg, upper abdomen and lower abdomen was low (p<0.001) and that of palm and foot was high (p<0.05) in obesity group. The temperature and the difference of lower arm to palm and lower leg to foot correlated with RBW. These results suggest the surface temperature in obesity group differ remarkably from that in non obesity group.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between clothing microclimate and physiological responses, including subjective sensations, when, in a $15^{\circ}C$ environment, a range of temperatures inside clothing is broadly produced from using various combinations of upper and lower garments. Six male subjects participated in the investigation and the results were as follows. For all types of inside garments, the temperature of the clothing was lower than the skin temperature for the whole body in each case. The mean temperature for inside clothing ($\bar{T}_{cl}$) significantly showed the highest correlation with mean weighted skin temperature (r = 0.816) and was less positively correlated with the temperature of the inside clothing at the chest (r = 0.326) (p < .01). Values for both the energy expenditure and the heart rate were less positively correlated with the clothing microclimate (p < .01). The change of body heat content showed a negative correlation with the surface temperature of the innermost clothing (r = -0.519) and there was a difference between the innermost surface temperature and the outermost surface temperature of the clothing at the chest (r = -0.577). As td increased, the increase of body heat content declined (p < .01). There was a negative correlation between body fat and some of the temperatures inside the clothing (p < .01) and body fat had no significant correlation with the humidity inside the clothing. Subjective sensations were more highly correlated with $\bar{T}_{cl}$ than with the temperature of the inside clothing at the chest and had not significantly correlation with the humidity of the inside clothing. In conclusion, through these results, it can be seen that the temperature inside the clothing was related to various physiological responses and subjective sensations, and that the mean temperature of the inside clothing ($\bar{T}_{cl}$) showed a higher relationship with the temperature of the inside clothing at the abdomen than that at the chest.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.82-85
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• 2004

Flap monitoring is important for flap salvage. Although there are many methods to observe the flap, practical methods mostly used are subjective methods. Recording flap surface temperature is one of the objective methods of flap monitoring. We used an infra-red thermometer to simplify monitoring of the flap temperature. 60 groin flaps of SD rats are used in the experiment. Artificial arterial or venous insufficiency was made and the surface temperature was checked and compared with body temperature. In the results, the temperature of the arterial clamped flaps was lower than that of body and the mean difference was $0.3^{\circ}C$ after 20 minutes of clamping. In the vein-clamped flaps, the mean decrease was $0.4^{\circ}C$ after 30 minutes of clamping. The all difference of the temperature between the flaps and body was statistically significant. Our results suggest that flap monitoring by infra-red thermometer is simple, useful and helpful to evaluate the flap status.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.389-395
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• 2002

The surface temperature at the interface of bodies in a sliding contact is one of the most important factors influencing the behavior of machine components. The calculation of the surface temperature at a sliding contact interface has been an interesting and important subject for tribologist. Temperature analyses were usually performed under the consideration contacted two bodies as semi-infinite. But the analysis was difficulty in being applied to finite body and considering the boundary condition. In this study, contact temperature rise of two finite bodies and surfaces due to frictional heating under the rectangular and the circular sliding contact is calculated. Heat partition factor is calculated using semi-infinite solid analysis and the temperature of the finite bodies is calculated using FVM. It will be shown that Most frictional heat in the fore part of contact region for sliding direction is conducted into body that has a moving heat source and the site of the maximum temperature rise moves to the opposite direction of sliding during sliding.