• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.807-818
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• 2009

This study is to present a female high school summer blouse with high movement functionality and satisfying appearance, surveyed the students for their understanding of summer blouse. Experimental study's research method was questionnaire survey. By using questionnaires, the satisfaction and comfort of each region of the current worn summer blouse was analyzed. The results of this research are as follows. After surveying 371 high school students in the Daejeon region on the currently worn summer blouse comfort levels, 48.4% showed dissatisfaction about the width of the sleeves and the armpits and over 93% wanted the use of elastic materials as an alternative. After investigating the summer blouses' mending state, 41% of students that mending their clothes chose the alternation of reducing the overall silhouette of the blouse in all areas. This reflects the female high school students' mentality that thin body shape is the ideal.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to obtain the incidence of dysmenorrhea and differance of dysmenorrhea according to the general characteristics, lifestyle, and menstrual pattern in women community college students. For the data collection, self-administered questionnaire survey was made from April 7, 1999 to April 14, 1999 among the 204 women community college students. The resultant data were processed by SAS program for frequency, proportion, and Chi-square test. The results of this study are as follows ; 1) Prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea was 81.9%. Among women who had dysmenorrhea, 42.6% of them had family history on dysmenorrhea, 47% of them experienced the dysmenorrhea 'monthly', 89.2% of them had experienced dysmenorrhea on the first-second day, 38.5% of them responded that the most painful region was 'low abdomen', 61.5% of them responded that they used 'analgesics' to soothe dysmenorrhea, 92.3% of them responded that they had analgesics without doctor's prescription, and 42.6% of them responded that they experienced digestive system related symptoms during menstrual period. 2) The incidence of dysmenorrhea was significantly different by ordering of sisters, blood type, and body shape. 3) The incidence of dysmenorrhea was no significantly different by life style. 4) The incidence of dysmenorrhea was no significantly different by menstrual pattern.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.63-75
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• 2007

Purpose: The research was performed to provide basic information and bring importance to people's attention based upon seizing relation between employees's life patterns and health conditions in their daily lives. Method: This study was done from October 9th, 2006 to 27th and targeted on people who work more than 1 year in Seoul and Kyung-gi area including 700 people; 350 of males, 350 of females. In the experiment, there are 8 measurable variables which are weight, smoking, drinking, exercise, sleeping, having breakfast, regular time for meal and having snack. The survey questionnaire used THI. The collected data was analyzed using t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple regression with SPSS/PC. Results: 1) It showed different data based on general traits such as gender, age, marriage, job and working time. 2) It also displayed different data in physical, mental and total health conditions depending on general traits. 3) The rate of symptom appeal was noticeably low as the body condition is in a good shape. 4) It exhibited that the variables for the rate of symptom appeal was negatively related to both male and female. 5) The variables affected to health conditions were age, exercise, having snack, sleeping, time for meal and smoking for male and weight, sleeping and time for meal for female. Conclusion: It is shown that if a person has a good life patterns in his/her daily life, he/she has a low rate of symptom appeal, which means he/she has better both physical and mental conditions.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.92-101
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and the current condition of musculoskeletal pain sufferers among fitness center users. The investigation used self-reporting questionnaire with the 797 subjects. On average, the subjects were 30.6 years old, 168.8 cm in height and 65.2 kg in weight. Among them, 423 were male (53.1%) and 374 were female (46.9%). Out of them, 276 suffered from pain, (35.2%). More men felt muscle aches than women (p<.05). In terms of pain, lower back area topped the list with 44.9%, followed by the lower extremities (30.1%), the neck (17.8%) and the upper part of the body (17.8%). Dieters suffered the most from pain (86.2%) while those exercising to build strength suffered the least with 26.8%. There was a significant relationship between the purpose for exercising and the amount of pain suffered (p<.05). By kind of exercise, pain stroke aerobic exercisers disproportionately with 42.4% while it almost steered clear of exercisers for strengthening with 26.9%. There was significant relationship between the kind of exercise and pain suffered (p<.05). The type of suffering differed by body shape. A significantly higher number of overweight people experienced pain than underweight people (p<.05). 32.8% of pain sufferers commented that the pain affects their workout, and on this issue there was no gender difference (p>.05). The pain caused more difficulties in doing activities of daily living for overweight or obese peoples than underweight peoples (p<.05). More than a third of health club and fitness center users are experiencing musculoskeletal pains. Measures such as professional training or information provision is required to prevent injury or disorder caused by improper exercise.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.304-311
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• 2018

This research used a questionnaire to provide basic data for the design of dressing form that enables the manufacture of senior menswear with an improved fit to match the dissatisfaction with the fit of male suits over the 50s. We used 132 questionnaires as analytical data. The results were: The item 'purchasing method of formal suits' showed that 95.5% purchased ready-to-wear jackets. The 'abdominal obesity type' and 'trunk waist type' had a high frequency of 'complaints about the size of the ready-to-wear jacket'. They choose their suits and wear them directly from the store. It is expected that senior males will complain about ready-to-wear formal suits due to the increase in girth item than normal type due to change of body shape since they consider size to also be important when purchasing suits. The most important part of the body when purchasing suits is the shoulder area, followed by the front width and back width of the fit. As for the degree of recognition of suit size, 38.1% said that they know the size and 'Suit size is hard to understand'. As a result of dissatisfaction with formal dressing, the items of 'Neck wide of get loose', 'Drag line of back neck', 'Not fit of front opening', 'Not fit of shoulder slope' and 'dissatisfaction'. Therefore, it is salient to establish suit fitting system and size system for senior men.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

1. Objectives : It is very important to classify people into Sasang constitution correctly in SCM. There have been many researches for this and several tools have been developed for diagnosis of Sasang constitution. In our study, we introduce a new web application for Integrated Sasang Constitutional Diagnosis (ISCD) ${\beta}$-version and algorithm on the base of face, body shape, voice and questionnaire. 2. Development : The web application of ISCD ${\beta}$-version was designed to be used easily for subject, staffs, and oriental medical doctors. For this purpose, we developed a web-application of Integrated Sasang Constitutional Diagnosis ${\beta}$-version using mysql database, tomcat web system, JSP, JAVA, and C++ languages. 3. Current State : The ISCD ${\beta}$-version could be accessed at http://210.218.196.115/SDT/login.jsp. The ISCD ${\beta}$-version consisted of 3 parts, for staffs, subject and oriental medical doctors. The system has been managed since February 2011. Currently 7 oriental hospitals have used the system and 1,439 subjects have been diagnosed by the system. 4. Conclusion and future work : Although many researchers have tried to develop a system or an algorithm for diagnosis of subject's constitution, we could have not used the system based on objective information of human body type, characters, symptoms. In this study, we describe a web application of objective diagnosis algorithm as ISCD ${\beta}$-version. This system may help an oriental medical doctors to make a decision of Sasang constitutional diagnosis easily and correctly.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 2020

This study conducted a questionnaire survey on diet behavior in male and female university students in Cheongju area and examined the behavioral characteristics related to diets such as body type awareness degree, actual weight and height, diet experience, and side effects. The desired average weight of male students was 68.81kg, which was 6.42% less than the current average weight of 73.53kg. The desired weight of female students was 49.15kg, which was 9.95% lower than the current average weight of 54.58kg. There was a significant difference between male and female groups in all questions on diet characteristics (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). Looking at the result of this study, it is necessary to provide accurate nutrition knowledge and proper education and counseling programs so that university students who desire to have a slimmer body shape that have highly dissatisfied view on their weight can maintain their healthy life through desirable weight management.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.304-314
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• 2005

The major concept of Sasang typology is that the disease susceptibility and drug response as well as physiological characteristics are presumed to be different depending on their Sasang types. Although characterizing fundamental basis of their traits are crucial in this research field, only pathological susceptibility and physical appearances were thoroughly studied. We evaluated their physiological characteristics by tapping psychological, physical and genetic traits of each Sasang types. After determining the Sasang type of one hundred three college students based on the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification, the psychological, physical and genetic traits of each type were analyzed with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and genetic polymorphism test, respectively. Each of the Sasang types showed significantly different profiles (Generalized estimation equation, coef=11.88, z=2.13, p=0.033), and could be distinctively classified based on their MBTI scores (discriminant analysis Wilks Lambda=0.611, df=8, chi-square=36.7, p<0.001). Subjects with the So-Eum type (Introversion and Judging) and the So-Yang type (Extroversion and Perceiving) showed contrasting psychological features, however they had similar anthropometric characteristics. Subjects with the Tae-Eum type showed bigger Body Mass Index ($R^2$=0.22, df=4, 74, F=5.07, p=0.001) and body shape compared to others. Although there were no significant differences in G-protein beta-3 subunit polymorphism, angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymprhisms among groups with Sasang types, it was shown that the dopamine system could be one for genetic marker for Sasang typology. These results demonstrated distinctive and essential traits of Sasang typology using reproducible psychometric, anthropometric and genetic evaluations. We also found that the Sasang typology was a bio-psychological typology which could show trait-specific guideline for individualized medicine.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.604-615
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• 1998

Although previous studies revealed the association of physical activity with mortality rate, it is unclear whether there is a linear trend between physical activity and mortality rate. In this study, the association of physical activity with the risk of all-cause mortality was analysed using Cox's proportional hazard model for a cohort of 14,204 healthy Korean men aged 40-59 years followed up for 4 years(Jan. 1993-Dec. 1996). Physical activity and other life style were surveyed by a postal questionnaire in December 1992. Total of 14,204 subjects were grouped into quartiles by physical activity. Using death certificate data, 123 deaths were identified. The second most active quartile had a lowest mortality .ate with relative risk of 0.44(95% C.I. : 0.23-0.84) compared with most sedentary quartile, showing a J-shape pattern of physical activity-mortality curve. By examining the difference in proportion of cause of the death between most active quartile and the other quartiles, there was no significant difference of proportional mortality from cardiovascular deaths, cerebrovascular deaths or deaths from trauma. The covariates were stratified into two group between which the trend of RR was compared to test the effect modification. There was no remarkable effect modification by alcohol intake, smoking, body mass index, calorie consumption, percent fat consumption. In conclusion, moderate activity was found to have more protective effect on all-cause mortality than vigorous activity and that the J-shape pattern of physical activity-mortality curve was not due to the difference of mortality pattern or effect modification by alcohol intake, smoking, body mass index, calorie consumption and percent fat consumption.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2017

Background: Traditional Korean Sasang constitutional (SC) medicine categorizes individuals into four constitutional types [Tae-eum (TE), So-eum (SE), Tae-yang (TY), or So-yang (SY)] based on biological and physiological characteristics. As these characteristics are closely related to the bioenergetics of the human body, we assessed the correlation between SC type and energy metabolism features. Methods: Forty healthy, young ($22.3{\pm}1.4$ years) males volunteered to participate in this study. Participants answered an SC questionnaire, and their face shape, voice tone, and body shape were assessed using an SC analysis tool. Thirty-one participants (10 TE, 10 SE, 3 TY, and 8 SY) were selected for further analysis. Collected blood samples were subjected to blood composition analysis, mitochondrial function analysis, and whole-exome sequencing. Results: The SY type showed significantly lower total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the SE type. Cellular and mitochondrial Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were similar across types. All types showed similar basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, whereas the TE type showed a significantly lower ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate than the other types. Whole-exome sequencing identified several genes variants that were exclusively detected in particular SC types, including 19 for SE, seven for SY, 11 for TE, and six for TY. Conclusion: SC type-specific differences in mitochondrial function and gene mutations were detected in a small group of healthy, young Korean males. These results are expected to greatly improve the accurate screening and utilization of SC medicine.