• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.32-41
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• 2012

In recent times, multi-centralization and decentralization as well as large Capital area and suburbanization in the spatial structure of capital area. With rapid growth, urbanization and industrialization are unsystematic, and growth inequality between regions caused negative effects such as discordant centralization and decentralization, fluctuating land value, and gap between living conditions. Accordingly, this study analyzed urban spatial indexes by the self-governed body in the capital area such as Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province for the analysis of the regional inequality phenomenon. We examined the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes in urban spatial structure in the capital area by utilizing the distribution pattern and density of city indexes such as population, employment, etc, and then drew the commonality of those factors through factor analysis. We evaluated the drawn results through the city standard index by each city, conducted factor score analysis, and identified the interaction between each factor and Housing Purchase Price Composite Indices index, housing rent price index(Housing Jeonse Price Composite Indices), land price fluctuation rate, diffusion ratio of house, and financial independence.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.177-185
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• 2000

The deformation characteristics is one of the major factors to resume the crash configuration in collision accident reconstruction. Crash analysis are carried out using finite element method and body stiffness equations representing force-deformation relationship are derived, Two different crash conditions : 1) frontal barrier impact 2) frontal impact between cars are given for the derivation of the equations. The stiffness coefficient of equation by method 2) is larger than that by method. 1). Crash analysis between two vehicles is accomplished with three crash angles and three velocities for each angle condition. The deformations are measured for six selected points and deformation energies are calculated using the derived equations. Equation by method 2) results in better estimation of deformation energy than that by method 1) for all crush configurations. The estimated energies can be utilized as one of indices to identify the type of the collision accident result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.790-800
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• 1995

This study was done to provide basic data for better fittness of infants and children's clothes and to get the developmental aspect of the subjects. The subjects were total 610 infants and children, 302 boys and 308 girls between month 12 to 59. 67 dependent variables were analyzed by the method of Duncan Test as Multiple Range Test among 8 groups anti T-test between male and female of same age groups. Following results were obtained: 1. In Duncan Test of the direct measurement items, the most subjects between group 1 and 8 were significantly different in the majority of dependent varibles, especially in height and length items 2. In Duncan Test of the body indices, as the subjects 'ages are higher, their bodies were balanced with the growth of the girth of their lower body. 3. In T-test, the significant difference between male and female of same month group was appeared mainly from 4th group to 7th group.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.264-275
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• 2018

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various dietary conditions on external morphometric traits, and sectioned morphometric traits in the cultured cyprinid loach, (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) for 28 days. For the fed group there was an increase in body weight, standard length, and morphometric dimensions of the head and body cavity regions compared with the starved and initial groups. Sectioned morphometric trait analysis revealed that relative to the starved group, the fed group had greater body circumference, cross-sectional area, and total height (P<0.05). Our results provide data on external and sectioned morphometric changes under starvation conditions, and can be used as a guide to assist in the regulation and scheduling of feeding, and as indices of the nutritional status of cyprinid loach.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.299-312
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• 1993

Anthropometry, computed tomography(CT) at the umbilical level, nutrient intake, blood pressure, serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins and response of glucose, c-peptide, insulin, and free fatty acid(FFA) during oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) were estimated on 11 normal-weight controls and 35 overweight and obese middle-agd men. The areas of total abdominal, subcutaneous and visceral were determined by CT scanning technique. Total abdominal fat area correlated the most significantly with the levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins and insulin among several obese indices. Compared with normal-weight controls, overweight and obese men with abdominal fat lower than 29000$\textrm{mm}^2$ showed an increase in waist-hip ratio, areas of total abdominal(35%), visceral and subcutaneous fat and C-peptide response area during OGTT, though age, percent ideal body weight, body mass index, % body fat, and all biochemical indices except C-peptide response area were not different between two groups. Overweight and obese men with abdominal fat greater than 29000$\textrm{mm}^2$ showed a higher values in total abdominal fat(85%), serum levels of triglyceride, total-and LDL-cholesterol, the ratio of LDL-to HDL-cholesterol, and response areas of FFA, insulin and C-peptide during OGTT than normal-weight controls. Overweight and obese men with great abdominal fat showed an increase in alcohol ingestion and percent calorie intake per total energy expenditure, compared with normal-weight controls. Our results indicate that obesity and a certain level of total abdominal fat accumulation is required to observe abnormal levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins and insulin in Korean middle-aged men. In addition, increased alcohol and calorie intake and decreased physical activity could partly explain total abdominal fat accumulation in men.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 1973

For the purpose of ascertaining the status of physical growth and development of the University students, an intensive survey was conducted by the authors towards a total of 2,197 (male: 1,694, female: 503) who passed the written enterance examination at the Korea University in 1972. The items included the measurements on physical growth, various physical indices, status of visual distourbance and pulmonary infiltration. The findings and results can be summarized as follows. 1. Physical growth: The average of body height by sex were 167.2 cm in male and 156.0cm in female, body weight 59.3kg and 51.9kg, chest-girth 86.7cm and 81.2cm, sitting height 91.7cm and 85.8cm, respectively. 2. Various indices about physical growth & development; Relative body weight by sex were 35.47 and 33.27, relative chest girth 51.85 and 52.05, relative sitting height 54.84 and 55.00, respectively. $R{\ddot{a}}here$ index was 1,269 in males and 1,367 in females, Kaup index 2,121 and 2,133, Verveck index 87.32 and 85.32, respectively. 3. Status of visual distaurbance: The vision of the students under 0.9 with Han's testing chart was 52.83% and 55.27% in left eye and 53.60% and 54.87% in right eye, respectively. 4. Pulmonary infiltration Among the total 58 students were diagncsed as pulmonary infiltration (tuberculosis), of whom 43 were minimal case, 12 were moderately advanced cases and 3 were far advanced cases.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2011

Purpose: To analyze the differences of the Body Mass Index (BMI), blood biochemical indices (TC, TG, HDL, PP2) among college faculty members depending on their life styles and thereupon, provide for some basic data useful for healthcare education. Methods: 163 faculty members were sampled for a questionnaire survey and a medical checkup, both conducted from Jan. 20 to Jan. 26, 2010. Results: First, such blood biochemical indicesas BMI, TG, HDL and PP2 differed significantly depending on gender, while TC, TG and HDL differed significantly depending on age. Second, BMI differed significantly depending on drinking. Third, smokers showed significantly lower BMI and PP2 than non-smokers. Among the smokers, those smoking for 1-10 years showed a significantly lower level of TG. Fourth, those exercising as hard as sweating 3 times a week showed significantly lower BMI, TC and TG. Fifth, BMI was correlated positively with TC and TG, while being correlated negatively with HDL. On the other hand, TC was correlated positively with the TG which was correlated negatively with the HDL which was correlated positively with PP2. Conclusion: In order to prevent chronic diseases and live a healthy life, it must be necessary to control drinking, stop smoking and exercise regularly.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.244-253
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance indices among male commercial crossbred Korean native chickens from hatch to twelve weeks of age. A total of 312 one-day-old male birds were used for 6 groups of the commercial crossbred Korean native chicken within 1 paternal line and 6 maternal lines (1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6A). The chickens were allocated to 24 battery cages to give 4 replicates per each crossbreed with 13 chickens per cage. Ad-libitum feeding was practiced throughout the experimental period and fresh water was available via nipple drinkers at all times. Body weight and feed intake were measured at two-week interval. Among six crossbreeds, the 2A group had the greatest (p < 0.05) body weight at week 8 and the greatest average daily weight gain in week 6 - 8. However, crossbreed 2A had the lowest viability (p < 0.05) at week 8 of all crossbreed groups as well as higher uniformity (p > 0.05) at week 2 than the others. No difference (p < 0.05) was found in any crossbreed Korean native chicken's growth performance indices including body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, uniformity, and viability after week 8. With this in mind, crossbreed 2A had greater bodyweight, average daily gain, average feed intake, and feed efficiency than the other Korean native chickens 84 days after hatch, although they had lower uniformity and viability than the others.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2004

Background: Recently obesity has become a social problem in all over the world including Korea. It is known that obesity is closely related with cardiovascular disease. Many studies are carrying out in the relation between several obesity indices, such as body mass index(BMI), waist-circumference(WC), body fat percent and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Objective: This study was done in order to investigate correlation of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Method: We gathered totally 138 subjects who have taken health screening test in university hospital. With the exception of 40 abnormal cases on current illness and laboratory study, 98 healthy cases were analysed. We divided the groups as normal, overweight, obese group according to body mass index $(22.9kg/m^2\;and\;below\;/\;23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2\;/\;25kg/m^2\;and\;above)$and investigated the relationship between obesity based on body mass index(BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors. And investigated the relationship between each cardiovascular risk factor and body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat percent. Results: With the exception of blood pressure, other lab data such as total cholesterol, triglycerid, glucose were significantly different between the three groups divided by body mass index$(22.9kg/m^2\;and\;below\;/\;23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2\;/\;25kg/m^2\;and\;above)$. And Correlation coefficient of cardiovascular risk factors with body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat precent were acquired. Conclusion: We have concluded that the body mass index and waist-hip ratio body fat precent were predictive factors cardiovascular disease.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.249-252
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effects of chromium-methionine (CrMet) supplementation at various levels on obesity index, body fat, and serum glucose, insulin and leptin in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups and fed AIN-76 semi-purified basal diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 or 1200 ppb Cr from CrMet. After 4 weeks on the respective diets, the rats were killed and serum glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations were determined. The CrMet supplementation did not affect weight gain, feed intake or feed efficiency ratio, fasting glucose, insulin or leptin levels among treatment groups. Although final body weight in all treatments were not significantly different, naso-anal length was longer in the 1200 ppb CrMet group than those of control or other groups (p<0.05). The lowest obesity index and body fat were observed in the 1200 ppb dietary group (p<0.05). The obesity index of the rats fed 1200 ppb supplemental CrMet was lower than in the other groups. These results suggest that CrMet supplementation results in a significant decrease in obesity index, possibly by decreasing the body fat that corresponded to increasing CrMet dosage.