• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.859-864
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• 2013

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of self-examination, clinical examination and screening methods using 1% toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine in estimating the prevalence of lesions at risk of malignancy and oral malignant disease amongst the male inmates of Yerwada Central Jail, Pune. Material and Methods: Study was carried out on male inmates in two phases. In the first phase self-examination and clinical examination was carried out on 2,257 male inmates. 164 suspicious cases were subjected to phase II of the study out of whom, 82 participants were screened with 1% toluidine blue and 2% Lugol's iodine followed by biopsy procedure. Results: Sensitivity and specificity for self-examination with clinical examination was 92.2% and 96.6% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) and positive (+LR) and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) for Toluidine Blue were 88.1%, 66.6% 97.1%, 30%, 2.63 and 0.17 respectively while for Lugol's Iodine they were 94.7%, 83.8%, 98.6%, 55.5%, 5.67 and 0.06 respectively. Conclusions: Prevalence of lesions at risk of malignancy and oral malignant disease by self-examination was 7.8% and by clinical examination was 6.3%. Self-examination is an effective tool in early detection of oral cancer. Use of Lugol's iodine as a screening tool for oral lesions is highly effective in inmate populations.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2011

In this study, we prepared $TiO_2$ with the sol-gel method and controlled physico-chemical properties by a simple heat treatment. All materials were applied to photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue and the material treated at 473 K showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency. The high performance resulted from a high adsorption amount of methylene blue due to a high surface area of $229.8m^2/g$. However, the material treated at 873 K, despite of a low surface area of $23.8m^2/g$ and a large particle size of 28.38 nm, exhibits a good photocatalytic performance due to the effect of mixed cyrstalline rutile and anatase phases formed by the high heat treatment temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.3 s.274
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• pp.145-149
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• 2005

[ $Eu^{2+}$ ]-activated barium magnesium silicate phosphor, $(Ba,Ca)_{3}MgSi_{2}O_{8}:Eu_{x}$, has been known to emit blue-green light. In this study we report the manufacturing processes for producing either pure green or pure blue light-emitting phosphor from the same composition of $Ba_{2-x}Ca_{2}CaMgSi_{2}O_{8}:Eu_{x}$ (0 < x < 1) by controlling heat treatment conditions. Green light emitting phosphor of $Ba_{1.9}CaMgSi_{2}O_{8}:Eu_{0.1}$ can be produced under the sample preparation condition of highly reducing atmosphere of $23\%\;H_2/77\%\;N_2$, while blue or blue-green light emitting phosphor under reducing atmosphere of $5\~20\%\;H_2\;/\;95\~80\%$ N_2. The green light-emitting phosphors are prepared in two steps: firing at $800\~1000^{\circ}C$ for $2\~5$ h in air then at $1100\~1350^{\circ}C$ for 2-5 h under reducing atmo­sphere $23\%$ $H_2/77\%\;N_2$. The excitation spectrum of the green light-emitting phosphor shows a broadband of $300\~410$ nm. The emission spectrum has a maximum intensity at the wavelength of about 501 nm. The CIE value of green light emission is (0.162, 0.528). The pure blue light-emitting phosphors can be produced using the $Ba{2_x}CaMgSi_{2}O_{8}:Eu_{x}$ by introducing additional firing step at $1150\~1300^{\circ}C$ in air before the final reducing treatment. The XRD analysis shows that the green light-emitting phosphor mainly consisted of $Ba_{1.31}Ca_{0.69}SiO_{4}$ (JCPDS $\#$ 36-1449) and other minor phases i.e., $MgSiO_3$ (JCPDS $\#$ 22-0714) and $Ca_{2}BaMgSi_{2}O_{8}$ (JCPDS $\#$ 31-0128). The blue light-emitting phosphor mainly consisted of $Ca_{2}BaMgSi_{2}O_{8}$ phase.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.12 s.295
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• pp.852-858
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• 2006

It is well known that $BaMgAl_{10}O_{17}:Eu^{2+}$ (BAM) and $CaMgSi_2O_6:Eu^{2+}$ (CMS) are a highly efficient blue phosphor. However, these phosphors in the form of thin films have not yet been realized clue to technical difficulties. We prepared thin film type BAM and CMS phosphors on quartz glass substrate using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The luminescent and structural properties of thin film phosphors were monitored as a function of key processing parameters such as oxygen partial pressure inside the deposition chamber, deposition time, laser energy density and the type of post-deposition treatments used. Even though we could not obtain single homogenous phases, thin films with large homogenous areas and a high photoluminescence could be produced by optimizing these processing parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.590-593
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• 1999

$Y_2SiO_5$:Ce was considered as blue phosphor for field emission display because it had an excellent resistance against brightness saturation. But unfortunately It hadn't a sufficient brightness to be applied to FED. In this experiment It-$In_2O_3$, MgO and $SiO_2$ were coated onto $Y_2SiO_5$:Ce phosphor in order to improve the cathodoluminance(CL properties. The coating structures were identified to be the crystalline phases of $In_2O_3$ and MgO respectively. They had fine particle-like shape and were distributed on the surface of $Y_2SiO_5$:Ce phosphor. It was found that the CL efficiency of $Y_2SiO_5$:Ce phosphors were decreased after coatings with In20:j and MgO in voltage range from 500 V to 5 kV. But the brightness of $Y_2SiO_5$:Ce phosphor was increased after coating of 5 0 2 . And also the aging test showed that $In_2O_3$ coating improved the life time of $Y_2SiO_5$:Ce phosphor.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2019

We report the precipitation of ZnO nanocrystals, Ag-clusters, and Ag nanoparticles in Ag/Er/Yb doped borate glasses by furnace annealing and $CO_2$ laser annealing. The XRD analysis revealed the precipitation of ZnO and Ag phases. The absorption spectra, the TEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the incorporation of Er and Yb ions into ZnO nanocrystals formed by a laser technique and showed the surface plasmon band of Ag nanoparticles. The down-converted blue emission intensity of $Er^{3+}$ ions obtained under 365 nm excitation was enhanced by more than a hundred times in the glass treated by furnace annealing, mainly due to the energy transfer from Ag-clusters. Moreover, we discussed the contribution of Ag nanoparticles and defects to emission characteristics in the glasses treated by two annealing techniques. Up-conversion emissions of the $Er^{3+}$ ions under 980 nm excitation were enhanced due to the incorporation of $Er^{3+}$ and $Yb^{3+}$ ions into ZnO nanocrystals after thermal treatments.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.182-186
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• 2019

0.7 mol% Er-TiO2 nanotubes were prepared using a sol-gel derived electrospinning and subsequent calcination at intervals of 50 ℃ from 500 ℃ to 650 ℃ to investigate the effect of calcination temperature on the crystal structure and the photocatalytic activity of methylene blue (MB). X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that Er-TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 500 ℃ were composed of anatase only. However, mixed phases of anatase (51%, 55%, 96%) and rutile (49%, 45%, 4%) were observed for the nanotubes calcined at 550 ℃, 600 ℃ and 650 ℃, respectively. As the calcination temperature rose from 500 ℃ to 600 ℃, the Barrette-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and degradation kinetic constant increased from 97.77 ㎡/g to 117.62 ㎡/g and from 1.2 × 10-2min-1 to 1.6 × 10-2 min-1, respectively. The Er-TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 600 ℃ exhibited enhanced MB degradation (87%) compared to that of Er-TiO2 nanofibers (37%) due to the synergic combinations of tailored mixed crystals and larger BET area.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.3 s.16
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• pp.1-4
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• 2006

White-light-emitting ZnS:Mn, Cu, Cl phosphors with spherical shape and the size of $20\;{\mu}m$ are successfully synthesized. They have the double phases of cubic and hexagonal structures. They are applied to electroluminescent (EL) devices by silk screen method with the following structure: $electrode/BaTiO_3$ insulator layer ($50{\sim}60\;{\mu}m$)/ ZnS:Mn, Cu, Cl phosphor layer ($30{\sim}50\;{\mu}m$)/ITO glass. The EL devices are driven with the voltage of 100 V and the frequency of 400 Hz. The EL devices show the three emission peaks. The blue and green emission bands are originated from $CICu^{2+}$ transition and $ClCu^+$ transition, respectively. The yellow emission band results from $^4T^6A$ transition of $Mn^{2+}$ ion. As an increase of Cu concentrations, the blue and green emission intensities decrease whereas the yellow emission intensity increases; the quality becomes warm white. It is due to the energy transfer from the blue and green bands to the yellow band.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2016

This paper proposes to select Measure of Performance(MOP) for object attainment in the counterfire operation and deduce the reasonable combination of blue force's hitting resources satisfying MOP's optimal value and regression equation for the object achievement time. Also, in the study-methodological perspective, a series of procedures for drawing the regression equation from the real world is presented. Firstly the model was made by simplifying the weapon-system information of red force and blue force, then the time for object attainment was derived from its simulation. Simulating the model for the counterfire operation was divided into three phases-detection, decision and hitting. The probability method by applying the random numbers were used for detection, fixed constant numbers for decision and hitting. The simulation was repeatedly performed to get the minimum time for the object attainment against the fixed enemy, and it was estimated as the optimal value of simulation. From this result, the optimum combination of blue force's weapon system against the red force and finally, the regression equation were obtained by using the response surface analyzing method in MINITAB. Thereafter this equation was completely verified by using 'the 2-sample t-test.' As a result, the regression equation is suitable.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2021

The physicochemical properties of crystalline titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) were investigated by comparing amorphous (amTiO₂), anatase (aTiO₂), metaphase of anatase-rutile (arTiO₂), and rutile (rTiO₂) NPs, which were prepared at various calcination temperatures (100℃, 400℃, 600℃, and 900℃). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed that the phase-transformed TiO₂ had the characteristic features of crystallinity and average size. The surface chemical properties of the crystalline phases were different in the spectral analysis. As anatase transformed to the rutile phase, the band of the hydroxyl group at 3,600-3,100 cm^-1 decreased gradually, as assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra, the maximum absorbance of anatase TiO₂ NPs at 309 nm was blue-shifted to 290 nm at the rutile phase with reduced absorbance. Under the electric field of capillary electrophoresis (CE), TiO₂ NPs in anatase migrated and detected as a broaden peak, whereas the rutile NPs did not. In addition, anatase showed the highest photocatalytic activity in an UV-irradiated dye degradation assay in the following order: aTiO₂ > arTiO₂ > rTiO₂. Overall, the phases of TiO₂ NPs showed characteristic physicochemical properties regarding size, surface chemical properties, UV absorbance, CE migration, and photocatalytic activity.