• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary iron levels on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male 16-month-old rats weighing 618 $\pm$ 6 g were raised for 10 days with medium-iron diet (35 ppm in diet) and blocked into 4 groups according to their body weights. One of groups was sacrificed to obtain initial data and the rest 3 groups were raised for 3 months with experimental diets containing different levels of iron (5 ppm, 35 ppm, and 350 ppm). Total lipid, triglyceride and total chole-sterol concentrations in plasma and liver, HDL-cholesterol concentration in plasma, fecal total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in plasma LDL + VLDL (low density lipoprotein + very low density lipoprotein) fractions, blood-clotting time and eicosanoids levels in plasma were measured. The results are as follows: Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions were increased and blood-clotting time tended to be shortened during 3 months of experimental period. Low (5 ppm) iron diet improved lipid metabolism via increasing HDL-cholesterol and fecal choles-terol excretion. High (350 ppm) iron diet decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations as compared to medium (35 ppm) iron diet and lowered body weight and epididymal fat pad weight. On the other hand, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions and blood-clotting time were increased with high iron diet. It is plausible that low iron diet improves lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

The present study undertaken to investigate the interrelationship among their regular dietary fatty acid intake, body fat content(BFC), and plasma lipid fractions(PLF) of middle-aged Korean women. Forty-nine women (age 30 to 49) participated in this study in which the aim was to determine their total nutrient intake per day, BFC and PLF, and to analyse the intercorrelations of these. Strong correlation was seen among their body mass index, mid-upper-arm-circumference, and BFC which were positively correlated with plasma total lipids(TL) and triglycerides(TG). Dietary myristic acid and lauric acid were positively correlated with both total cholesterol(TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and total monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) were negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Although dietary total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was not correlated with TC and LDL-C, it was positively correlated with TL and TG in plasma. However, dieary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) in regular Korean diet was not correlated with any of lipid fractions in plasma which might be due to the high ratio of n-6/n-3 in their diet. From the above results, it was concluded that plasma lipid fractions were modulated by their dietary nutrients, especially the types of the fatty acids. Dietary SFA and MUFA intake not PUFA are strongly correlated with LDL-C and HDL-C in the Korean diet This may relate to the frequency of coronary heart disease in the age group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.561-569
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• 2005

This research was conducted to study the effect of milk consumption on blood lipid levels of Korean college women. According to milk intake from food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), top $20\%$ of subjects were classified as high group (HG) and bottom $20\%$ as low group (LG). Body weight, height and blood pressure were measured and BMI was calculated from the anthropometric data, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein fractions. There was no significant difference in the blood level of albumin, total protein and hemoglobin between two groups, and all blood parameters were in the normal range. Blood lipid levels of two groups were not significantly different, but HDL-cholesterol level were higher in HG (p < 0.05). Therefore, according to the result of the research, it is considered that drinking a pack of milk (200 ml) everyday, the average intake of dairy products of HG, is advisable to promote good health without increasing of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.577-583
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• 1998

Methanol extracts of Commelina communis, a Korean wild edible plant showing hypoglycemic effect on diebetic rats were fractionated systematically by hexane, chloroform, butanol, and water, and these four fractions were administered orally to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect. The butanol and water fractions of Commelina communis lowered blood glucose levels of diebetic rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day. Administration of each fraction except that of chloroform increased the plasma protein levels. Liver protein levels were significantly higher in the butanol- and water fraction-fed groups. The results suggest that the butanol fraction of Commelina communis has hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats and the intake of Commelina communis may be beneficial for the management of diabetes mellitus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

The protective effects of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) against oxidative stress in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using alloxan (150 mg/kg i.p). After the administration of PM fractions for two weeks the diabetic symptoms, nephropathy and renal antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. The results showed that the oral PM treatments reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The PM fractions decreased kidney hypertrophy and diminished blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in diabetic rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, was increased in diabetic animals, but was suppressed by the PM treatments. In addition, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) level in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased compared with those in the normal rats, but were restored by PM treatments. The PM fractions also suppressed the level of MDA in the kidney. In conclusion, the anti hyperglycemic and anti-nephropathy of P. macrocarpa may be correlated to the increased renal antioxidant enzyme activity in the kidney.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.927-934
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• 1999

Dietary and other factors affecting serum lipid levels of 103 rural women aged 30-76 years were assessed. Data for dietary intakes were obtained by 24-hour recall method. Body weight, height and blood pressure were measured and BMI was calculated from the anthropometric data. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for TG and lipoprotein fractions. Relation of the factors with serum lipid concentration was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient(r). The results were summarized as follows: The weight, hight and BMI of the subjects were 56.8kg, 152.4cm and 24.5k/==, respectively. 31.8% of the subjects under 50 years of age($\leq$49yr group) and 61.0% of the subjects from 50 years up(==50yr group) were classified as hyperlipidemia. Most of the subjects had normal blood pressure but 8.5% were hypertensive. Total food intake of hyperlipidemic subjects was more than those of normal subjects in both age groups. Nutrients intake also tended to be higher in hyperlipidemic subjects of $\geq$50yr group. Intake of some foods like nuts, milk, or meat affected serum lipid profile even though the effects was somewhat different between two age groups. Body weight was positively related with serum TG and VLDL-cholesterol in $\leq$49yr group, and body weight as well as height and BMI affected serum lipid level in $\geq$50yr group. In summarization, it appeared that hyperlipidemia was a serious health problem in rural women. Hypertriglyceridemia due to sharp increase after 50 years old was remarkable and further research should be performed to determine the related factors in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 1978

In order to investigate the effect of dietary long chain fatty acids on fatty acid biosynthesis of liver in birds, single comb White Leghron male chicks were fed a fat-free diet an diets containing margaric, stearic and linoleic acids and liver lipid components and liver and plasma fatty acid distributions were compared. Total lipids of tissues were extracted with a chloroform-methanol mixture. The lipid components were determined by thin layer chromatography and fatty acid distribution of lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Fatty acid feeding did not affect liver lipid components. When margaric acid(17 : 0), was fed, 17:0 and heptadecenoic acid(17:1) appeared in every lipid fractions of liver and plasma, and distribution values of these acids were not significantly different between the lipid fractions of liver. In blood plasma of the 17 : 0 fed chicks, however, significantly higher distribution values of 17 : 0 and 17.1 were observed in the triglyceride fraction and in the cholesterol ester fraction, respectively. Dietary stearic acid (18 : 0) did not show any effect on the distribution of 18 : 0 in every lipid fractions of liver but showed a significantly higher distribution value of 18 : 0 in the free fatty acid fraction of plasma. When linoleic acid (18 : 2) was fed, every lipid fractions of liver and plasma contained 18 : 2, especially a significantly higher distribution value was observed in the phospholipid fraction of liver. Dietary margaric and linoleic acids tended to decrease the distribution value of endogenously synthesized palmitoleic (16 : 1) and oleic (18 : 1) acids in liver.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1095-1101
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• 1997

The present paper resents information on the dietary intake and biochemical status of elderly who are living in different types of residence. On hundred and sixty five women(age 65-80 years old) were divided into three groups ; those who are living alone (LA) , living with family (LF) , and living in institutions (LI) within the same general community. Nutrient intake, body fat content, and biochemical measurements in blood and urine were examined statistically and potential environment-related influence are discussed. Elderly women living alone had significantly lower intake of nutrients than elderly women were not living alone LF group showed significantly higher fat consumption than LA and LI groups. Body fat content, plasma albumin and calcium levels in elderly women who lived with other people were significantly higher than those in elderly women living alone, but fat weights and lean body mass between groups were not different. None of the plasma lipid fractions were significantly different among the three groups except LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. In the LI group, LDL-C was lower than that of LF and LA groups. From the above results, serious nutritional deficiency has been shown in elderly women that live alone. Therefore, nutritional education and social help should be carried out to improve these situations for elderly people.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study was designed to observe the effects of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album L. var. coloratum Ohwi) hot-water extract administration on the improvement on the lipid components, apolipoprotein and blood pressure level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Wistar strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 33 days. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atheroscieotic index in serum were significantly lower in the Korean mistletoe extract administration group [group KM(Korean mistletoe 10.0 g% hot-water extract)] than those in the control group. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration Korean mistletoe 10.0% hot-water extract administration group were higher percentage than in the control group. However, concentrations of total cholesterol and TG in liver and brain were significantly lower in the group KM than those in the control group. But the components of apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Apo A-II in serum were significantly higher in the KM group than in the control group. However, components of Apo C-II, Apo C-III, Apo E and ratio of Apo B to Apo A-I in serum were fairly reduced in the group KM than in the control group. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in KM cup than control group. From these results, Korean mistletoe hot-water extract administration were effective on the improvement of the lipid components, coronary heart disease and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. And particularly, Korean mistletoe extract administration were more effective as a therapeutic regimen for the control of blood pressure in hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gastrodiae elata Blume fractions on systolic blood pressure and serum lipid profiles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NCrj) fed high fat diet. Twenty-four males SHR weighing approximately 160 g were randomly divided into four groups; A (low molecule, GR-1), B (polysaccharide, GR-2), C (protein, GR-3) fractions of G. elata Blume, respectively, and D (high fat diet as control). After orally tube feeding the fractions of G. elata Blume, there were no differences in final body weights among the treatment groups. Diet intake was somewhat high in the control group (D), but there were no significant differences in feed efficiency ratios. In terms of serum lipid profiles, total-cholesterol level was statistically higher in the control group (D) than in G. elata Blume fraction groups (p<0.05). Triglyceride levels of low molecule (A) and polysaccharide (B) groups were lower by 16% and 11%, respectively than that of the control group (D). HDL-cholesterol level was remarkably higher (p<0.05), whereas LDL-cholesterol level was significantly lower (by 25%) in the group B as compared to the control group (D). Atherogenic index (AI) of G. elata Blume fraction groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). Reference blood pressure (RBP) showed an average of $180\sim190mmHg$ at 8 weeks old after 3 weeks on feeding high fat diet. Compared with RBP, final blood pressure of treatment groups (35 days after feeding the fractions of G. elata Blume gractions) were decreased by 1.7% (A), 5.5% (B) and 3.6% (C), respectively, but the control group (D) contrarily showed an increase of 2.6%. Especially, final systolic blood pressure of the polysaccharide group (B) was lower by 22 mmHg than that of the control group (D). From these findings, it can be suggested that polysaccharide fraction may improve blood serum lipids and should be considered as effective in lowering of blood pressure.