• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.373-374
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• 2002

Magnetic fluid seals are used in a wide variety of gas and dust sealing applications. However, it is difficult to seal for liquid because of its characteristic. This study will be a basic guide for a magnetic fluid seal for liquid, especially for blood to be practically used in medical instruments such as rotary blood pumps by clarifying its seal properties. Sealing pressure test, durability test, and hemolysis test have been conducted for this seal. In this study, magnetic fluid, sealing fluid, eccentricity ratio, revolution speed were selected as parameters. As results of the tests, it has been found that the properties of magnetic fluid seal depend on the solvent and the saturation magnetization of magnetic fluid. Therefore, the selection of magnetic fluid is important for this seal. It also has been found that eccentricity ratio of the shaft caused harmful effect for seal properties. In conclusion, it has been showed that magnetic fluid seals could be possibly used in medical instruments such as blood pumps when blood come in contact with magnetic fluids.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2004

In recent, many cardiac centers have preferred off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to on-pump CABG to prevent the adverse effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. The present study was performed to prove beneficial effects of off-pump CABG. Sixty adult patients scheduled for elective CABG were randomly assigned to On-pump group (n=30) or Off-pump group (n=30). Arterial blood samples were drawn before and after the operation (Pre-OP and Post-OP, respectively) for measuring CBC, prothrombin time, activated thromboplastine time, blood gas analysis, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) level, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Perioperative parameters including heparin and protamine usages, complications, blood components usages, blood loss, ventilation and ICU-staying time, and hospitalization were also evaluated. Platelet count at Post-OP was high in Off-pump group whereas CK-MB and LDH levels were low compared with On-pump group. Off-pump group had significantly lower heparin and protamine usages, lower total leukocyte count, higher hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, less blood loss, lower usages of blood components, shorter ventilation and ICU-staying time, and lower incidence of pleural effusion than On-pump group. Other variables did not significantly differ between two groups. These results showed that Off-pump CABG was a satisfactory technique with less inflammatory reaction, less cardiac damage, less postoperative complications, and less cost.

• 약학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1992

The abuse of zipeprol, an antitussive agent, is prevalent among young people. Ten fatal cases of zipeprol concentration in blood after its abuse had caused death are disscussed. GC equipped with TSD was used to quantify the drug in postmortem blood and GC/MS to identify the metabolites in urine after preliminary test. The calibration curve of zipeprol was linear (r = 0.998) and the recoveries of zipeprol 5, 10 and $20\;{\mu}g$ added to 1 ml postmortem blood were $97.2{\pm}3.9$, $92.5{\pm}3.9$ and $86.9{\pm}4.6%$ respectively. The blood zipeprol concentration varied 2.9 to $24.69\;{\mu}g/ml$ in 10 fatal cases. All the deaths were young adults with the age of 16-21. Three metabolites were identified in drug abuser's urine, 2-methoxy-2-phenyl ethylpiperazine, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3-phenyl propylpiperazine and a demethylated zipeprol.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2008

Purpose: Using a propensity analysis, a recent study reported that blood transfusion might not be an independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients, which contradicted the results of earlier studies. This study aims to reveal whether or not blood transfusion is an independent predictor of mortality in trauma patients. Methods: A total of three hundred fifty consecutive trauma patients who were admitted to our emergency center from January 2004 to October 2005 and who underwent an arterial blood gas analysis and a venous blood analysis were included in this study. Their medical records were collected prospectively and retrospectively. Using a multivariate logistic analysis, data on the total population and on the propensity-score -matched population were retrospectively analyzed for association with mortality. Results: Of the three hundred fifty patients, one hundred twenty-nine (36.9%) received a blood transfusion. These patients were older (mean age: 48 vs. 44 years; p=0.019) and had a higher mortality rate (27.9% vs. 7.7%; p<0.001). In the total population, the multivariate analysis revealed that the Glasgow coma scale score, the systolic blood pressure, bicarbonate, the need for respiratory support, past medical history of heart disease, the amount of blood transfusion for 24 hours, and hemoglobin were associated with mortality. In thirty-seven pairs of patients matched with a propensity score, potassium, new injury severity score, amount of blood transfusion for 24 hours, and pulse rate were associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis. Therefore, blood transfusion was a significant independent predictor of mortality in trauma patients. Conclusion: Blood transfusion was revealed to be a significant independent predictor of mortality in the total population of trauma patients and in the propensity-score-matched population.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.60-62
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• 2005

A previously healthy 57-year-old woman with dyspnea and wheezing presented to the emergency department a few minutes after exposure to unknown gas from mixing bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and cleaning agent (hydrochloric acid) at work place. Initial physical examination revealed severe wheezing on both whole lung fields, but the chest radiograph was normal. Arterial blood gas analysis showed only moderate hypoxemia. The patient was treated with oxygen, $\beta$adrenergic bronchodilators, antihistamines and corticosteroids, after then symptoms were improved. And the patient discharged against medical advice. We report a rare case of reactive airways dysfuntion syndrome from chlorine gas exposure.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.112-118
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• 1996

When fossil fuels are burned they produce CO gas because of incomplete combustion. If the CO gas reacts with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, it may result in death or sequelae. Generally, the CO gas is eliminated in the form of the $$$CO_2$ gas by the oxidation reaction over the platinum catalyst. In this study, the electrochemical CO removal was investgated by using the solid electrolyte cell reactor, the type of which was represented as reactants$/Pt/Y_2O_3-ZrO_2/Pt/Air$. If the overpotential was applied to the platinum working electrode, the conversion could be changed with the overpotential applied. It was found that the oxidation rate could be increased 2.8 times higher than that of the normal condition, i. e. under open circuit conditions when $P_{co}/P_{O_2}$ was 0.5 and overpotential was 0.9V. From these results, it is concluded that the reactor used in this study is more efficient than conventional catalytic reactors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1972

Studies of blood gas and lung histopathology were done in 10 dogs after intrapericardlal aorto-right pulmonary arterial anastomosis with proximal ligation of the right pulmonary antery. Among the 5 expired during or after operation, in 3 cases, the causes of the death were due to surgical bleeding and, in 2 cases, acute cardiopulmonary insufficiency because of large anastomosis stoma measured respectively 7mm and 10mm. In the 5 of survivals, one was sacrificed because of empyema at postoperative 7 days and 2 were at postoperative one month and remained 2 at postoperative 3 month respectively. The following observations were made. 1.In every survival, continuous machinary murmur was auscultated and the angiograms of all long term survivals showed the good patency of the anastomosis stoma. 2.After the ligation of the right pulmonary artery, the values of $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ in arterial and venous blood were generally decreased comparing with the preoperative values. The mean value of $P_aO_2$ noted $83.30{pm}11.875$[p<0.01]. After the shunts operation with ligation of the right pulmonary artery, the immediate values of PH, $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$showed no significant changes comparing with that of right pulmonary artery ligation only. In the cases of survivals more than one month, the values of $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ in the arterial and venous blood were generally higher than that of ligation of the right pulmonary artery only. The $P_aO_2$ value noted $103.750{pm}7.395$[p<0.01]. The mean values of $P_aO_2$, $PCO_2$ and PH in the arterial and venous blood almost returned to that of preoperative studies. 3.In the specimens of lung from the cadavors expired due to acute cardiopulmonary insufficiency after the operation, there were massive congestion, hemorrhage in the alveolar spaces and bronchioles. In specimens obtained at postoperative one month, there were dilatation of alveolar spaces with partial rupture, slight congestion, and alveolar wall thickening in the lung parenchyme, but there was no significant changes in pulmonary vasculature except dilation of pulmonary capillaries. In the specimens obtained at postoperative three months, the alveolar walls were more thickened in the lung parenchyme than the finding of the specimens obtained at postoperative one month. In the wall of pulmonary capillaries, there was only slight thickening with connective tissue proliferatlon.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1263-1273
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of crude protein (CP) levels on the physiological response, reproductive performance, blood profiles, milk composition and odor emission in gestating sows. Methods: Seventy-two multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) of average body weight (BW), backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of six treatments with 10 or 11 sows per treatment in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets with different CP levels were as follows: i) CP11, corn-soybean-based diet containing 11% CP; ii) CP12, corn-soybean-based diet containing 12% CP; iii) CP13, corn-soybean-based diet containing 13% CP; iv) CP14, corn-soybean-based diet containing 14% CP; v) CP15, corn-soybean-based diet containing 15% CP; and vi) CP16: corn-soybean-based diet containing 16% CP. Results: There was no significant difference in the performance of sow or piglet growth when sows were fed different dietary protein levels. Milk fat (linear, p = 0.05) and total solids (linear, p = 0.04) decreased as dietary CP levels increased. Increasing dietary CP levels in the gestation diet caused a significant increase in creatinine at days 35 and 110 of gestation (linear, p = 0.01; linear, p = 0.01). The total protein in sows also increased as dietary CP levels increased during the gestation period and 24 hours postpartum (linear, p = 0.01; linear, p = 0.01). During the whole experimental period, an increase in urea in sows was observed when sows were fed increasing levels of dietary CP (linear, p = 0.01), and increasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were observed as well. In the blood parameters of piglets, there were linear improvements in creatinine (linear, p = 0.01), total protein (linear, p = 0.01), urea (linear, p = 0.01), and BUN (linear, p = 0.01) with increasing levels of dietary CP as measured 24 hours postpartum. At two measurement points (days 35 and 110) of gestation, the odor gas concentration, including amine, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide, increased linearly when sows fed diets with increasing levels of dietary CP (linear, p = 0.01). Moreover, as dietary CP levels increased to 16%, the odor gas concentration was increased with a quadratic response (quadratic, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Reducing dietary CP levels from 16% to 11% in a gestating diet did not exert detrimental effects on sow body condition or piglet performance. Moreover, a low protein diet (11% CP) may improve dietary protein utilization and metabolism to reduce odor gas emissions in manure and urine in gestating sows.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

Certain oriental medication have been shown to be effective in decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance and increasing cardiac output in primary pulmonary artery pressure secondary to pulmonary edema. So oleic acid was administered in 14 dogs in order to induce acute lung injury. And we studied the hemodynamics and blood gas changes of Pyengpaetang(50mg, 100mg) with continuous postive pressure was ventilation in pulmonary edema. The pulmonary edema group, arterial oxygenation was improved after 5 and $10cmH_2O$ PEEP(positive end expiratory pressure), but cardiovascular system was depressed. Blood pressure and cardiac output were decreased, and CVP, MP AP, PCWP were increased. In Pyengpaetang(50mg) group, mean aortic pressure was decreased and PCWP(pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) was decreased remarkably, while there was a significant increase in cardiac output. And there was improvement in $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$ without hemodynamic changes after applying 5cm $H_2O$ PEEP, but arterial blood gases$(PaO_2,\;PaCO_2)$ were improved, while cardiovascular effects were depressed after cm $H_2O$ PEEP. In Pyengpaetang(100mg) treated group, there was no significant hemodynamic change. But mean pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly increased, and cardiac output was decreased significantly after applying the more degree of PEEP. And blood gases were not changed significantly after applying the more degree of PEEP. The above results suggest that the effects of Pyengpaetang(50mg) group is superior to those of Pyengpaetang(100mg) group on the effects of hemodynamics and gas exchanges in acute lung injury in dogs. So we can conclude that lower degree PEEP 5cm $H_2O$ is more beneficial in Pyengpaetang(50mg) treated group.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1215-1222
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• 2022

Objective: A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of silymarin seed extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microbiota, excreta gas emission, blood profiles, and meat quality in broilers. Methods: A total of 1,088 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed-sex) with an initial body weight of 42.34±0.82 g, were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 17 replicates of 16 chicks per cage and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% of silymarin. Results: The inclusion of silymarin supplementation linearly increased the body weight of broilers during days 7 to 21 and 1 to 35 days. On day 35, broilers fed a diet containing graded levels of silymarin supplementation linearly increased the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and nitrogen and cecal Lactobacillus counts (p = 0.038). While silymarin supplement linearly reduced the methyl mercaptans (p = 0.039) and acetic acid (p = 0.007) emission in broilers. No significant effects were observed on the blood profile. Relative weights of organs such as breast muscle, bursa of fabricius were increased (linear effect, p<0.05), water holding capacity was enhanced by increasing the silymarin level from 0% to 0.06%. A linear reduction (p>0.05) in drip loss from meat samples during days 1, 3, 5, and 7 by the addition of graded level of silymarin to the diet. Conclusion: An increasing level of silymarin supplementation to the diet of broiler would be beneficial to enhance growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microflora, blood profile, and meat quality traits.