• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2014

NF-${\kappa}B$ is a transcriptional factor which is involved in many biological processes including immunity, inflammation, and cell survival. Many investigators studied on the mechanism involved in activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ signalling pathway via ubiquitination and degradation of $I{\kappa}B$ regarding skin disease. Some specific molecules including Akt, MEK, p38 MAP Kinase, Stat3, et al. represent convergence points and key regulatory proteins in signaling pathways controlling cellular events such as growth and differentiation, energy homeostasis, and the response to stress and inflammation. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has many adverse effects on skin, including inflammation, alteration in the extracellular matrix, cellular senescence, apoptosis and skin cancer. Prunus mume, a naturally derived plant extract, has beneficial biological activities as blood fluidity improvement, anti-fatigue action, antioxidative and free radical scavenging activities, inhibiting the motility of Helicobacter pyolri. Previous reports on various beneficial function prompted us to investigate UVB-induced or other immunostimulated biological marker regarding P. mume extract. P. mume extract suppresses UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells. The activation of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ induced by UVB was dose-dependently inhibited by P. mume extract treatment. This results suggest that P. mume extracts might be used as a potential agents for protection of inflammation or UVB induced skin damage.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.260-268
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare food behaviors, nutrient intake, clinical symptoms, and hematological findings by smoking status. Among the third grade male students from a high school in Jinchun-kun, 31 smokers and 31 nonsmokers participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate food behaviors and clinical symptoms. Nutrient intake data were collected by 24-hour recall method. Blood sample was drawn from each subject to determine the levels of hemoglobin, protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, etc. The major findings were as follows; First, smokers consumed every food group except fat & oil less frequently than nonsmokers, while they consumed instant food, coffee, alcoholic beverages more frequently than nonsmokers. Dietary habits of smokers such as regularity, balanced diet, skipping meals were worse than those of non-smokers. Second, intakes of energy, fat, carbohydrate, and β-carotene of smokers were lower than those of non-smokers. Third, smokers felt fatigue and other adverse symptoms more often than non-smokers. Fourth, the levels of hemoglobin, albumin and HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers. Fifth, Smoking history was negatively correlated with food behaviors, energy intake and clinical symptoms. These results suggest that food behaviors, nutrient intakes, hematological findings and clinical symptoms of male high school students were affected by smoking. Therefore, in order to decrease smoking rate of the students, the effect of smoking on nutritional and health status should be informed and nutrition education should be offered to the students.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.10-24
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• 2000

1. Objectives : Millions of people throuout the world are affected by some form of dry eye disorder. I made researches for more effective treatments for dry eye. 2. Methodes : I refered to occidental and oriental medical records. 3. The results were as follows : Common symptoms of dry eye are dryness, burning, irritation, grittiness, itching, fatigue of eye, photophobia, congestion, mattering and tear. Treatments of dry eye are to clear away heat and fire, remove dampness, replenish Um and promote production of body fluid, tonify the blood and replenish Ki. Acupunctre and moxibustion therapy of dry eye are as follows: Very busy points of traditional regular acupuncture are Sangsong, Chanjuk, Sajukkong, Chongmyong, Sabaek, Tongjaryo, Taeyang, Pungji, Tuimup, Paekoe, Un-gyo, Chonjong, Hapkok, Yangbaek, Kansu, Yanggye, Imup, Chok-samni, Taechung, Kwangmyong, Yang-gok, Uihui, Chohae, Haenggan. Less busy points of it are Oyo, Kuhu, Sungup, Konmyong, Konmyongl, Konmyong2, Sangmyong, SanghaChongmyong, Shinmyong, Osang, Shinjong, Yonghyang, Yaemyong, Chon-yu, Chon-ju, Kwallye, Naebi, Noeho, Tuyu, Mokchang, Ponshin, Shinhoe, Yepung, Okchim, Pungbu, Kokchon, Kollyun, Nae-gwan, Tae-nung, Samumgyo, Sokolkong, Shinsu, Um-gyo, Igan, Chongok, Choktaek, Kyonjungsu, Kokchi, Kongchoe, Kyuum, Kihae, Taekolkong, Taedon, Pino, Pisu, Sabong, Samgan, Kokchi, Shinmun, Shinmaek, Shimsu, Yangno, Aengmun, Yolgyol, Oegwan, Wijung, Chang-gan, Chungjo, Chungdo, Chigu, Chium, Chollyo, Tongni, Pungmun, Haryom. Very busy points of ear-acupuncture are Kan, Bi, Shin, An, Less busy points of it are Shim, Pye, Naebunbe, Mok1, Mok2, Shinmun, Ichom. Useful points of bleeding by needle are Taeyang meridian, Yangmyong meridian, Chono, Chonjong, Paekoe, Sangsong, Chanjuk, Sajukkong, nasal cavity. Useful points of moxibustion are Inchung, Huaryo, Shinchu, Pungmun, Kansu, Shimsu, Kokchi, Kongchoe, Sohae.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.874-883
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• 2007

The aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum has been used to treat palpitation, anemia, chronic fatigue, hypertension, and stroke. It also possesses various pharmacological effects including hypotensive, blood circulating, sedative, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and anti-stress activities. In the present results, the latency time of plantar test was decreased in the immobilization stress and incusion pain-induction group. However the paw withdrawal latency values were increased in the immobilization stress and incision pain-induction groups after treatment with the aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum. The c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe were enhanced in the immobilization stress and incision pain-induction groups. However, the treatment with the aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum suppressed the immobilization stress and incision pain-induced increase of c-Fos, 5-HT, and TPH expressions. Here in this study, we have demonstrated the protective effects of Chungsimyeonja-eum on immobilization and incision pain-induced stress. The present study revealed that Chungsimyeonja-eum treatment diminishes immobilization and pain stress.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 2010

Objective : To characterize Five Woons of Asian women who live at Los Angeles area in U.S.A Methods : A set of physical tests and diagnostic questions were given to 242 Asian female subjects who were treated for their symptoms at a clinic of Asian medicine near Los Angeles in USA. The participants were given their constitutions, one of the Five Woons based on their birthdays. The physical tests included a body composition via Inbody 4.0 and an autonomic bioelectric response record via ABR2000. The oneway analysis of variance was applied to compare the means of the Five Woons and the physical test results. The Cross tabulation analysis was also applied to look for the effectiveness of Five Woons on the symptoms. Results : 1. In the body composition items, the LSD(least significant difference) showed that there were significant differences between the Soil Woon and the other Four Woons which are Water, Metal, Fire and Wood Woons in weight, fat, body fat %, BMI (p<0.2). 2. Based on the LSD, significant differences were observed among the Five Woons in R5, R6 and R7(p<0.2). 3. The cross tabulation analysis showed the significant effectiveness of the Five Woons on the five symptoms including dizziness, hot and cold, lower body edema, fatigue and to take a medication for high blood pressure out of 24 diagnostic questions (p<0.2). Conclusions : Further clinical research is necessary to develop a more delicate questionnaire and look for ways of characterizing the Five Woons. The diagnosis and corresponding treatment based on the Five Woons should be further studied in view of the Oriental medicine.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2017

Background: Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT) has long been used for the treatment of severe weakness caused by general fatigue, loss of appetite, or indigestion. The aim of this feasibility study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of BZYQT for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) with spleen qi deficiency. Methods: This study will be conducted at a single center as a prospective, nonrandomized, nonblinded, single-arm feasibility study. A total of 30 participants diagnosed with FD in accordance with the Rome III criteria will be enrolled. All patients will receive BZYQT for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K) scores between the baseline and 4-week images. The secondary outcomes include the tongue coating thickness, blood parameters, and BZYQT Questionnaire score. The NDI-K score will be acquired four times, at Weeks 0 (baseline), 2 (during treatment), 4 (after treatment), and 8 (after follow-up). Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrollment. This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital. This study protocol is registered with the national clinical trial registry of the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Results will be published in a journal and will be disseminated both electronically and in print. Discussion: The results of this study may serve as a guide for researchers seeking to effectively evaluate the effects of BZYQT.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2014

Background: Medically unexplained symptoms (MUSs) are common in primary care. Atpresent, there are no proven, comprehensive treatments available in primary care forpatients with MUSs. However, MUS has parallels with "subhealth" or Mibyeong from tradi-tional East-Asian medicine, and thus, Mibyeong interventions could be effective in treatingMUS. Unfortunately, studies on Mibyeong and its intervention methods are relatively rare.Methods: We administered a web-based survey to 17,279 Korean medicine (KM) practitionersregistered with the Association of Korean Medicine. The response rate was 4.9% (n = 849).Based on the responses received, we assessed how much they agreed with concepts relatedto Mibyeong on a 7-point scale from "do not agree" to "strongly agree." Respondents werealso asked to indicate how frequently they encountered various subtypes and patterns ofMibyeong, and how frequently they use listed intervention methods.Results: Data from 818 respondents were analyzed after excluding those with no clinicalexperience. On average, respondents were male general practitioners aged between 30 yearsand 49 years, working or living in metropolitan areas such as Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do. Responses did not differ by demographics. Respondents generally thought that Mibyeongreferred to subjective or borderline findings without certain disease, and that Mibyeong hasvarious subtypes and patterns. Subtypes included fatigue, pain, and digestion problems; pat-terns were either deficiencies (e.g., qi, blood, and yin deficiency) or stagnations (e.g., liver qidepression and qi stagnation). Decoction was the most frequently used type of interventionfor Mibyeong of all items listed, followed by acupuncture and moxibustion. Patient educa-tion was also recommended, suggesting healthy eating, promoting healthy environment,and exercise.Conclusion: We were able to provide preliminary results on KM practitioners' recognition ofand interventions for Mibyeong, but further research is needed to develop a detailed defi-nition of Mibyeong and its myriad subtypes and patterns, and evaluations of the efficacy ofMibyeong interventions.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective recovery method of exercise-induced fatigue and muscle pain by comparing the effect of the use of illite hot mat product and general hot mat product on the recovery of muscle pain induced by high intensity exercise. Methods : To measure and analyze the changes in lactic acid, CRP, and ACR according to the high-intensity circuit training program, this study was conducted for the healthy adult men and women, who exercise st the K-region sports center. A total of 45 subjects were studied in 15 groups of 15 patients who received an illite hot-water mat recovery group (A group), 15 general hot-water mat recovery group (B group), and 15 control group (C group). The circuit training exercise program was conducted as a one-time exercise, and each exercise time consisted of 30 minutes of warm-up exercise, 5 minutes of main exercise, 20 minutes of clean-up exercise, and 5 minutes of strength exercise. The intensity setting was high intensity of subjective exercise intensity It carried out by setting to (14-16RPE). Results : Changes in Lactic Acid Concentration There was a significant difference in the lactic acid concentrations between the groups after the high intensity circuit training program (p <.05). The illite rest group (A) decreased 7.71 mmol / L and the control group decreased 4.03 mmol / L. Significantly decreased (p <.05). Changes in ACR Concentration. There was a significant difference in the ACR concentrations Significant differences were found in CRP and ACR during the recovery period after exercise. (p <.05), the elite rest group (A) decreased 2.47 mg / mmol, and the control group increased 1.63 mg / mmol. There was a significant difference (p <.05). Conclusion: The static rest on a heated mat after high-intensity exercise has an effect on changes in blood lactate and ACR levels.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2020

Besides respiratory infection, COVID-19 has many neurological symptoms not only loss of smell and taste but also fatigue and brain fog. But it is a challenge to treat the neurological symptoms especially of anosmia and ageusia. In order to search for the therapeutic methods, the geographical diversity and pathological mechanisms of the COVID-19 and two symptoms were investigated from the latest clinical studies. Because the environmental conditions of the monsoon climate zone of East Asia and the Mediterranean and Oceanic climate zone of Italy, Britain, United States and tropical Brazil are different, each of diverse etiology and internal milieu should be considered differently in the treatment. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits the dampness-like characteristics and the olfactory and gustatory disorders are particularly more common than other flu or cold. and it tends to show features of damaging the lung qi of olfaction and heart-spleen qi of gustation. The mechanisms of olfactory and gustatory loss are various according to precursory, inflammatory, non-inflammatory and sequelar forms, so the therapeutic method should be designed for each period and pathology. If the process of inflammation arises from nasal and respiratory, olfactory epithelium to the central nervous structure by way of blood brain barrier, the treatment should be corresponded with the stage and depth of pathogen place. And if the olfactory loss is asymptomatic or in the initial stage, it can be applied intranasal topical scent therapy to relieve temporary locking of qi movement, but maybe also used in parallel together with herbs of relieving dampness toxin latent in the lung parenchyma.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to identify whether herbal medicine improves the clinical symptoms and abnormal blood tests of a patient with fatty liver accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: A 44-year-old man with fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia was prescribed Saenggangunbi-tang from July 20, 2020, to November 11, 2020, to reduce fatigue and to improve laboratory findings, such as liver enzymes and the lipid profile. We observed changes in symptoms, serum levels of liver enzymes, and the lipid profile during about 4-month treatment. We also recorded changes in the bioelectrical impedance analyzer findings during that time. Results: In this case study, an approximately 4-month treatment with Saenggangunbi-tang led to considerable improvement in laboratory findings and visceral fat area. In particular, the patient experienced a noticeable decrease in triglyceride levels compared with the baseline parameters of the first visit. In addition, no side effects-including weight gain and liver enzyme increases-were observed during treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that appropriately prescribed herbal medicine is a therapeutic option to manage fatty liver combined with hypertriglyceridemia.