• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. The subjects were 390 out type 2 diabetic patients from beginning of March through the end of April in 2001, who visited at the endocrine center at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Seoul. The patients' clinical laboratory data were assessed at medical record review. The data were analyzed using for t-test and $\chi^2$ test. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, family history of diabetes and hypoglycemic agents between normoalbuminuria group and microalbuminuria group. 2. The level of systolic blood pressure and creatinine of microalbuminuria group were higher than those of normoalbuminuria group. There were no significant differences in HbAlc, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) and blood urea nitrogen between normoalbuminuria group and microalbuminuria group.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate effects of honeybee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) on the calving, the growth performance and blood chemistry occurrence of Hanwoo calves. A total of twenty, a 3 day old male experimental calves were allocated into four groups, BV treated (0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg BV, n=5, respectively) and non-treated (n=5, Control) of Hanwoo calves in Icheon, Kyonggi province. Treatment of BV in calves increased body weight and weight gain during 60 days compared with control group. The concentrations of IgG in blood were significantly increased in BV groups compared with control at 60 days after treatment with BV. Cholesterol and glucose concentrations in BV group were significantly lower with control at 60 days. There were no differences in plasma biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (AKLP), total protein, albumin, globuline, total bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and $Ca^+$. In conclusion, the BV treatment had effect on growth, the score of the calf scours and blood biochemical profile.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2006

배 경: 지속적인 노력에도 지역사회폐렴에 의한 사망률은 증가하고 있으며 서구에서는 이에 대한 적절한 접근 및 예후 평가를 위해 예후 인자들을 확인하려 하였고 종합적인 접근을 위해 Pneumonia Severity Index(PSI) 등의 지표를 개발하였다. 하지만 국내에서는 단순 지표들만을 이용한 연구에 그치고 있어 PSI를 이용하여 폐렴으로 입원한 환자의 예후에 종합적인 접근을 할 수 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 1월부터 2005년 1월까지 지역사회폐렴으로 입원한 179명의 환자들을 대상으로 생존군/사망군 그리고 일반병실 입원환자/중환자실 입원 환자 사이를 비교하였으며, 각 군에 대해 Pneumonia Severity Index를 분석하였다. 결 과: 사망군과 생존군 사이에는 평균 수축기 혈압, 평균 이완기 혈압, 평균 맥박수, 평균 호흡수, 평균 체온, albumin, LDH, total cholesterol, HDL, PT, aPTT, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen(BUN)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. (p<0.05) 일반병실과 중환자실 입원환자 사이에는 평균 맥박수, pH, $pCO_2$, $pO_2$, $SaO_2$, 혈청 총 단백질, 알부민, 혈청 총 칼슘, LDH, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL, PT, aPTT, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen(BUN)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. (p<0.05) Pneumonia Severity Index의 경우 class I에서 사망률이 가장 낮고 class가 증가할수록 사망률이 증가하였으며 class V에서 사망률이 가장 높았다. 결 론: 다양한 지표들을 이용하여 지역사회폐렴으로 입원한 환자들을 평가할 수 있으나, Pneumonia Severity Index(PSI)를 이용하여 종합적인 접근을 할 수 있으며 이를 국내 환자에게 유용하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2007

본 연구는 비육돈에 있어서 영양소 및 원료첨가 수준이 다른 사료의 급여가 생산성, 혈중 요소태질소 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하기 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) 비육돈 96두를 공시하였으며 시험 개시시 체중이 $63.50{\pm}1.17\;kg$이었고 66일간 개체별 사양시험을 실시하였다. 실험설계는 1) T1 (ME 3,441 kcal/kg, CP 16.30%, lysine 0.93%) 2) T2 (ME 3,433 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, lysine 1.00%) 및 3) T3 (ME 3,449 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, lysine 1.00%)로 3개 처리를 하여 처리당 8반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 사양시험 기간 동안 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량, 사료효율 및 혈중 요소태 질소 농도는 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 육색에서는 황색도를 나타내는 $b^*$값은 T3 처리구가 T2 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 하지만, $L^*$값, $a^*$값, pH, 등심단면적, 드립감량, 조리감량, TBARS 및 보수력은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 1 kg 증체에 요구되는 사료비는 T3 처리구가 높게 나타났으나 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 결론적으로, 본 시험의 결과는 비육돈에 있어서 영양소 및 원료첨가 수준의 차이가 생산성, 육질특성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1725-1733
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• 2019

Objective: Evaluate the partial replacement of soybean meal with different protein sources in piglet feed during the nursery phase in terms of digestibility of feed, nitrogen balance, growth performance and blood parameters. Methods: Experiment I involved 24 crossbred entire male pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of $18.28{\pm}0.7kg$ and used a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 treatments (fish meal, FM; soybean protein concentrate, SPC; and soybean meal, SBM) and 8 replicates, with 1 pig per experimental unit. Experiment II involved 1,843 crossbred male and female pigs with an initial BW of $6.79{\pm}0.90kg$ and was based on a completely randomized design with a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement (2 sexes and 3 protein sources) and 13 replicates. Results: The results of Exp. I indicate effects (p<0.05) of dietary protein sources on digestible protein (FM, 17.84%; SPC, 16.72%, and SBM, 18.13%) and on total nitrogen excretion (TNE, $g/kg\;BW^{0.75}/d$) in which pigs fed with SBM-based feed had TNE values that were 5.36% and 3.72% greater than SPC and FM, respectively. In the Exp. II, there was difference (p<0.01) between sexes in the pre-starter I and starter phases, and total period in average daily feed intake (ADFI), which were greater in females, and between the protein sources, ADFI, final weight and daily weight gain. For urea in the pre-starter II and starter phases and glucose in the pre-starter II phase, there was a difference (p<0.05) between protein sources and between sexes, in starter phase in urea concentrations (females: 57.11 mg/dL and males: 50.60 mg/dL). Conclusion: The use of SBM as only protein source influences larger TNE ($g/kg\;BW^{0.75}/d$), reduces the growth performance of piglets and increases plasma urea concentrations in prestarter II phase.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1429-1436
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation (n = 40 pigs/treatment) with bamboo powder (0, 1, 2 and 3%) for 38 days. We evaluated growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of fattening pigs and gas emission and microbial populations in pig manure, to obtain data on pork producers for environmental management. We obtained the following results. First, supplementation with increasing amounts of bamboo powder had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on feed intake, feed efficiency, and glucose contents (except for initial and final body weight, weight gain, carcass characteristics, and blood urea nitrogen). In terms of blood metabolites, glucose and blood urea nitrogen tended to decrease with increasing amounts of bamboo powder. Second, the amounts of ammonia, methane, amine, hydrogen sulfide, and acetic acid were reduced by increasing amounts of bamboo powder when compared with the controls (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in pH, propionic acid, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, and valeric acid among all treatments. The lowest gas emission was observed when 3% bamboo powder was used. Third, supplementation with increasing amounts of bamboo powder tended (P < 0.05) to increase the total number of bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., and yeast, but E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. were not detected in any treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that supplementation with bamboo powder was effective in reducing gas emission and inhibiting pathogen populations in pig manure by lowering the pH of the manure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2016

An isotope dilution method using $[U-^{13}C]glucose$ and $[1-^{13}C]leucine$ (Leu) was conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw supplemented with urea and molasses (RSUM-diet) on plasma glucose and Leu turnover rates in sheep. Nitrogen (N) balance, rumen fermentation characteristics and blood metabolite concentrations were also determined. Four sheep were fed either mixed hay (MH-diet), or a RSUM-diet with a crossover design for two 21 days period. Feed allowance was computed on the basis of metabolizable energy at maintenance level. The isotope dilution method was performed as the primed-continuous infusion on day 21 of each dietary period. Nitrogen intake was lower (p = 0.01) for the RSUM-diet and N digestibility did not differ (p = 0.57) between diets. Concentrations of rumen total volatile fatty acids tended to be higher (p = 0.09) for the RSUM-diet than the MH-diet. Acetate concentration in the rumen did not differ (p = 0.38) between diets, whereas propionate concentration was higher (p = 0.01) for the RSUM-diet compared to the MH-diet. Turnover rates as well as concentrations of plasma glucose and Leu did not differ between diets. It can be concluded that kinetics of plasma glucose and Leu metabolism were comparable between the RSUM-diet and the MH-diet, and rumen fermentation characteristics were improved in sheep fed the RSUM-diet compared to the MH-diet.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.421-432
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• 1995

The influence of lead exposure on renal function was studied. Eighty nine lead exposed workers who worked in 2 storage battery factories, and seventy one control workers were chosen for this study. Blood lead(PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood(ZPP) were selected as indicators of lead exposure. As indicators of renal function, urinary N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase(NAG), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(S-Cr), total protein in urine(U-TP),and serum uric acid(S-Ua) were selected. The results obtained were as follows: 1. While the mean values of lead exposure indicators of lead workers were significantly different from non-exposed ones, the mean values of NAG, U-TP, BUN and S-Cr of renal function indicators of exposed were also significantly different from non-exposed but their mean values were all within normal limits. 2. BUN, logarithmic U-TP, logarithmic NAG and S-Cr showed statistically significant correlation with PbB. 3. The proportion of workers whose values of renal function indicators were over the normal limits(NAG7.5 U/g Cr ; U-TP10.9 mg/dl ; BUN20 mg/dl ; S-Crl.2 mg/dl ; S-Ua7.0 mg/dl) by the level of lead absorption in terms of PbB and ZPP were calculated. The proportion of workers with over the normal limits of U-TP among total workers showed the dose-response relationship. When age is adjusted, U-TP showed significantly strong dose-response relationship with the level of PbB and ZPP.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.410-421
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• 2022

Objective: Two series of experiments were conducted to determine how the incremental levels of sodium metabisulfite (SMB)-treated fruit and vegetable discards (FVD) in diet of Hanwoo heifers and cows affect their performance and health. Methods: In Exp. 1, 36 Hanwoo heifers were stratified by age (13.3±0.83 mo) and initial body weight (305±19.7 kg), and divided randomly to one of three diets containing 0%, 10%, or 20% SMB-treated FVD (as-fed basis). The experiment lasted 110 d, including 20 d of adaptation. In Exp. 2, 24 multiparous Hanwoo cows were divided into three groups based on age (48.2±2.81 mo) and initial body condition score (2.64±0.33). Cows in each block were assigned randomly to one of three diets containing 0%, 11%, or 22% SMB-treated FVD (as-fed basis). The experiment lasted 80 d, including a 20-d adaptation period. In both experiments, SMB-treated FVD was used as a replacement for wet brewers grain in total mixed ration (TMR). Results: Growing heifers exhibited no differences in their daily feed intake (6.58±0.61 kg/d dry matter [DM]), average daily gain (0.60±0.07 kg/d), and body condition score when they consumed the incremental levels of SMB-treated FVD. Although most blood metabolites were unaffected by treatments, blood urea-N and β-hydroxybutyrate levels decreased linearly as the SMB-treated FVD level increased in TMR. Similar to Exp. 1, minor differences were found in daily feed intake (8.27±0.72 kg DM/d) and body condition score of Hanwoo cows. Most blood metabolites remained unaffected by treatments, but blood urea-N decreased as the SMB-treated FVD level in TMR increased. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SMB-treated FVD could be safely incorporated into the diet of Hanwoo heifers and cows, potentially improving N-use efficiency in the body while not impairing performance or health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1303-1311
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• 2008

Twenty four early lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes, eight in each group, were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design to evaluate the influence of varying ruminally degradable protein (RDP) to ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) ratio on feed intake, digestibility, N balance, milk yield and its composition, conception rate and days open. Three experimental diets were formulated to contain RDP:RUP of 50:50, 66:34 and 82:18 and were denoted as HRUP, MRUP and LRUP, respectively. Dry matter (DM) intake was higher (p<0.05) in buffaloes fed HRUP diet than in those fed MRUP and LRUP diets. Dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in buffaloes fed LRUP diet than in those fed HRUP and MRUP diets. Linear increase was observed in DM digestibility with increasing RDP:RUP while Neutral detergent fiber digestibility remained unaltered in buffaloes fed HRUP and MRUP diets, however, it was higher than in those fed LRUP diet. Crude protein digestibility remained unaltered across all treatments. Milk and 4 percent fat corrected milk (4% FCM) yield was higher (p<0.05) in buffaloes fed HRUP diet than those fed MRUP and LRUP diets. Linear decrease in milk yield was observed with increased RDP:RUP. Milk protein and fat yields were higher (p<0.05) in animals fed HRUP diet than those fed MRUP and LRUP diets. Milk protein percent in animals fed HRUP diet was higher than in those fed LRUP diet, whereas it did not differ with those fed MRUP diet. Percent of fat, total solids, solid not fat and lactose remained unaltered across all diets. Nitrogen balance was higher in buffaloes fed HRUP diet than in those fed other diets. Increasing the RDP:RUP resulted in a linear decrease in N balance. The blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen were lower (p<0.05) in buffaloes fed HRUP diet than those fed MRUP and LRUP diets. The blood pH remained unaltered across all treatments. Days open did not differ significantly. Conception rate was higher in buffaloes fed HRUP diet than those fed MRUP and LRUP diets. The findings of the present study indicate that feeding high (50% of the total crude protein) ruminally undegradable protein diet not only increased nutrient intake and milk yield but also improved conception rate in early lactating buffaloes.