• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

Aucubin, an irdoid g1ucoside, was investigated to determine whether it has a stimulating effect on $\alpha$-amanitin excretion in $\alpha$-amanitin intoxicated rats, and whether there is binding activity to calf thymus DNA. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of $\alpha$-amanitin in rat urine allowed quantitative measurement of the $\alpha$-amanitin concentration with a detection limit of 50${mu}g/ml$. In this system, a group treated with both $\alpha$-amanitin and aucubin showed that o(-amanitin was excreted about 1.4 times faster than in the $\alpha$-amanitin only treated group. Our previous results showed that the toxicity of $\alpha$-amanitin is due to specific inhibition of RNA polymerase activity and the resultant blockage of the synthesis of certain RNA species in the nucleus. However, no significant activity change on RNA polymerase from Hep G2 cells was observed when aucubin was treated with $\alpha$-amanitin at any concentration tested. Nevertheless, aucubigenin inhibited both DNA polymerase (IC50, 80.5${mu}g/ml$) and RNA polymerase (IC50, 135.0${mu}g/ml$) from the Hep G2 cells. The potential of both $\alpha$-amanitin and aucubin to interact with DNA were examined by spectrophotometric analysis. $\alpha$-Amanitin showed no significant binding capacity to calf thymus DNA, but aucubin was found to interact with DNA, and the apparent binding constant ($K_{app}$) and apparent number of binding sites per D7A phosphate ($B_{app}$) were 0.45$0.45{\times}$$10^4$ $M^{-1}$ and 1.25, respectively.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2004

1) Objective External treatments have various curative effects. So it had been used to cure various patients. But, it has a limited sphere of application in the present South Korea. Therefore we would like to bring out its sphere of application and detailed method in the oriental medicine classics. 2) Methodologies We have researched external treatment history according to below the procedure. (1) Making a related words list: We have used existing external treatments technical books to make a list. It has been connected with external treatments. It includes not only technical terms, but also general terms. (2) Searching sentence: We have searched sentence that contain terms that related with external treatments. (3) Analysis of related sentence: We have searched and classified sentence by disease. (4) Analysis of external treatment methods. 3) Conclusions From long time ago people have used external treatment to cure various disease. According to the ${\ulcorner}Nei-Jing{\lrcorner}$, hot compress therapy, fumigation therapy and bathing therapy had been used to cure blockage syndrome, muscle disease, carbuncle and cellulitis. Thereafter, a sphere of external treatment had gradually enlarged. (1) After all its sphere had included dermatologic, psychologic, internal, ophthalmic, otolaryngologic, obstetrics, gynecologic, pediatric and surgical diseases. (2) External treatment methods have contained hot compress therapy, fumigation therapy, bathing therapy, application therapy, medication bag therapy, medication plug therapy, medication massotherapy, aroma therapy and so on. (3) Medication types of external treatment have contained ointment, juice, infusion, powder, suppository and so on.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 초고주파 수동 부품의 전송 구조 내부에 전자기파의 차단 현상을 유발하는 불연속이 존재할 때 metamaterial을 이용하여 전파 특성에 변화를 유도할 수 있는 방법을 논의하고 원리를 규명한다. 특히 평행 평판 도파관 내부에 전파가 되지 않을 정도로 협소한 단면을 가진 영역의 매질이 ENZ(Epsilon Near Zero)의 metamaterial로 바뀔 때 전자기파가 진행되는, 이른바 터널링(tunneling) 조건(혹은 관통 효과)을 찾고 전자기학적 관점과 회로 관점으로 설명할 것이다. 전송선 이론에 불연속 구조는 물론 매질 변화를 고려한 평행 평판 도파관의 해석 결과를 다른 기법의 결과와 비교하여 타당성을 보이고, 이에 바탕을 두어 관통 효과 특성을 산란계수와 임피던스로 도시한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 1996

자신의 3차구조를 가진 인체 프로인슐린을 얻기 위하여 Staphylococcal 프로테인 A(SPA)의 신호 랩타이드를 이용하여 대장균내에서 분비 발현을 시도하였다. 분비 발현을 위해 T7 프로모터, SPA 리보좀 바인팅 부위, SPA 신호 랩타이드, 프로인슐린 유전자를 연속적으로 연결하여 분비 벡터를 구성하였다. 이 벡터를 대장균에 넣은후 발현을 유도했으 나 면역적으로 반응하는 인체 프로인슐린은 배양액이나 페리프라스믹 공간에서 거의 존재하지 않았으며 세포 내에도 존재하지 않았다. 그러나 말현 유도시 세포 내에 프로인슐린 RNA가 급격히 증가하였으며 구성한 벡터는 실험실적으로 프로인슐린을 전 사(transcription) , 번역 (translation) 할 수 있었다. 이는 프로인슐린이 번역 후 급히 세포내에서 분 해됨을 의미하며 이로 인해 분비된 프로인슐린을 거의 얻을 수 없게 된 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 프로인 슐린의 세포내 안정성을 위해 말토즈 바인딩 프로테인을 융합짝으로 프로인슐린에 연결한 경우 과량의 분비된 인체 프로인슐린을 검출할 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.745-755
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• 2002

To examine the effects of Yunpyesan on the cell proliferation of A549 human lung carcinoma cell line, we performed various experiments such as dose-dependent effect of Yunpyesan on cell proliferation and viability, morphological changes, quantification of apoptotic cell death and alterations of apoptosis/cell cycle-regulatory gene products. Yunpyesan declined cell viability and proliferation in both a dose- and a time-dependent manner. The anti-proliferative effect by Yunpyesan treatment in A459 cells was associated with morphological changes such as membrane shrinking and cell rounding up. Yunpyesan Induced apoptotic cell death in a time-dependent manner, which was associated with degradation of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), an apoptotic target protein, without alterations of the balance between Bcl-2 and Bax expressions. DNA flow cytometric histograms showed that population of G1 phase of the cell cycle was increased by Yunpyesan treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that cyclin D1 and A were reduced by Yunpyesan treatment, whereas cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27 was markedly increased in a time-dependent fashion. The level of tumor suppressor p53 proteins was also increased by Yunpyesan treatment and its increase might be linked to increase of Cdk inhibitor p27. In addition, Mdm2, negative regulator of p53, was down-regulated by Yunpyesan treatment. Since the expression of retinoblastome protein (pRB), a key regulator of G1/S progression, was reduced by Yunpyesan treatment, we supposed that phosphorylation of pRB might be also blocked. The present results indicated that Yunpyesan-induced inhibition of lung cancer cell proliferation is associated with the induction of apoptosis and the blockage of G1/S progression.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1177-1183
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• 2002

We investigated the effects of Sabaek-san (SBS) water extract on the cell proliferation of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. SBS treatment resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. This anti-proliferative effect of A549 cells by SBS treatment was associated with morphological changes such as membrane shrinking and cell rounding up. DNA flow cytometric histograms showed that population of G1 phase of the cell cycle was increased by SBS treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. SBS treatment induced a marked accumulation of tumor suppressor p53 and a concomitant induction of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP, which appears to be transcriptionally upregulated and is p53 dependent. In addition, SBS treatment resulted in down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as determined by RT-PCR analysis. The present results indicated that SBS-induced inhibition of lung cancer cell proliferation is associated with the blockage of G1/S progression the induction of apoptosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.677-683
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• 2003

We investigated the effects of Insamsapye-tang (ISSPT) water extract on the growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Upon treatment with ISSPT extract, a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability was observed and cells developed many of the hallmark features of apoptosis, including condensation of chromatin. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that ISSPT treatment increased populations of apoptotic-sub G1 phase. In addition, proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and β-catenin protein were observed after treatment of ISSPT extract. These apoptotic effects of ISSPT in A549 cells were associated with marked inhibition of Bel-xL expression in a dose-dependent manner, however the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax expression were not affected. ISSPT treatment also induced the expression of tumor suppressor p53 mRNA and inhibited the expression of caspase-3 mRNA. The previous and present results indicated that ISSPT-induced inhibition of lung cancer cell proliferation is associated with the blockage of G1/S progression and the induction of apoptosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1183-1186
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• 2012

Objective: To observe the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells. Methods: Cells were divided into blank control, IGF-1, IGF-1 + SB203580, and SB203580 groups. SB203580 was used to block the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Changes in the expression of BMP-2, p38 MAPK, and phosphorylated p38, MERK, ERK and JNK were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Results: Protein expression of phosphorylated BMP-2, MERK, ERK, and JNK was significantly up-regulated by IGF-1 compared with the control group ($1.138{\pm}0.065$ vs. $0.606{\pm}0.013$, $0.292{\pm}0.005$ vs. $0.150{\pm}0.081$, $0.378{\pm}0.006$ vs. $0.606{\pm}0.013$, and $0.299{\pm}0.015$ vs. $0.196{\pm}0.017$, respectively; P<0.05). Levels of BMP-2 and phosphorylated MERK and JNK were significantly reduced after blocking of the p38MAPK signaling pathway ($0.494{\pm}0.052$ vs. $0.165{\pm}0.017$, $0.073{\pm}0.07$ vs. $0.150{\pm}0.081$, and $0.018{\pm}0.008$ vs. $0.196{\pm}0.017$, respectively; P<0.05), but such a significant difference was not observed for phosphorylated ERK protein expression ($0.173{\pm}0.07$ vs. $0.150{\pm}0.081$, P>0.05). Conclusion: IGF-1 can up-regulate BMP-2 expression, and p38 MAPK signaling pathway blockage can noticeably reduce the up-regulated expression. We can conclude that the up-regulatory effect of IGF-1 on BMP-2 expression is realized through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1309-1314
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• 2003

We examined the effects of Oak Smoke Flavoring (OSF, Holyessing) on the cell proliferation of DU145 and PC3 human prostate carcinoma cell line. OSF treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of the cell viability in both DU145 and PC3 cell lines. The anti-proliferative effects by OSF treatment in DU145 and PC3 cells were associated with morphological changes such as membrane shrinking and cell rounding up. DNA flow cytometric histograms showed that population of S phase of the cell cycle was increased by OSF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that cyclin B1 and cdc2 proteins were reduced by OSF treatment in DU145 cells, whereas cyclin A was markedly inhibited in PC3 cells. Furthermore, we observed an increase of Cdk inhibitor p16 and p27 protein, and an inhibition of phosphorylation of pRB by OSF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The present results indicated that OSF-induced inhibition of human prostate carcinoma cell proliferation is associated with the blockage of S phase progression.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2002

본 연구는 신호교차로의 부근에 위치한 버스정류장과 교차로간의 최소 이격거리 산정을 목적으로 하였다. 교차로의 유입부에서는 버스가 승하차 서비스를 한 후 좌회전 차로로 진입하기 위해 필요한 거리를 기준으로 이격거리를 산정하였으며, 유출부에서는 좌회전한 버스가 정차를 위해 차로 변경하는 데 필요한 거리를 바탕으로 이론식을 전개하였다. 이를 위해 대기행렬모형과 간격수락모형이 이용되었다. 유도된 이론식을 이용하여 교통량 및 설계속도 등을 변수로 하는 모의실험을 실시한 후, 모의실험의 결과 값을 현재의 버스정류장 설치기준 중 교차로 부근의 설치위치에 관련된 기준인 엇갈림 길이의 계산 값과 비교하였다. 제안된 식들은 현재 설치된 정류장 위치의 적정성에 관한 개략적인 평가, 또는 신설하고자 하는 정류장의 위치선정에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 이론식은 버스의 진행 각도, 버스의 속도, 신호조건 등 일부 변수의 설정을 순화시켰다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 향후 본 연구와 관련하여 신호교차로에서의 버스와 주변 교통류의 운행특성에 관한 보조연구가 실시된다면 보다 현실적이고 합리적인 버스정류장 설치기준을 마련할 수 있을 것이다.