• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.2 s.40
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

A discrete wavelet transform(DWT)-based image watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper, the proposed method decompose the original image into four subsampled images. Subsampled images are transformed by 2 level DWT, respectively. The proposed method embeds the watermark into one of the subsampled DWT images using edge table that represents dege characteristics of the original image. Without an original image, a watermark is extracted through comparison one subsampled DWT image inserted the watermark with the rest of the submapled DWT images. many exiting methodes do not adequately estimate edge regions where intensities are changed abruptly. The proposed method address with an edge table. Also, even if the watermark is embedded into a low frequency area, our method preserves the image quality. The vality of the proposed method is demonstrated through the PSNR test and subjective image quality that human eyes feel.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.336-338
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• 2011

A 5-day-old male Korean native calf was referred with the primary complaint of anorexia, absence of feces, depression, and abdominal distention. Although this case was tentatively diagnosed as atresia coli, plain and contrast radiography was performed to confirm site and appearance of obstruction. A plain radiograph revealed gas distension in the large intestine, with absence of fecal material in the descending colon. In a contrast radiograph, the blind part of descending colon that was accumulated with contrast media smoothly protruded to distended colon with gas and the middle part was seen as narrow. These findings were well corresponded with the mucosal blockage junction between distended spiral loop with gas and descending colon that was hypoplasia or atropy in necropsy. In conclusion, contrast radiography was considered very useful method to identify the site and type of obstruction in diagnosis of atresia coli.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2020

With the development of the national industry, the importance of the elderly and children such as the elderly, disabled, and children is recognized. Similarly, the number of facilities for the elderly and children is increasing. Fires at facilities for the elderly and children cause heavy casualties. In response to these events, it is essential to activate fire alarms promptly and accurately and to secure evacuation routes. In this study, the laws and statistics related to facilities for elderly and children were reviewed, and problems with legal terms-such as elderly, children, others, unwanted alarm of fire alarm systems, blind spots of fire compartment standards, securing evacuation routes, and absence of standards for life safety rescue organizations-were identified. As an improvement measure, the legal definitions of similar terms-such as elderly, children, unwanted alarm checklist, and establishment of standards for fire prevention compartment-and introduction of other terms-evacuation elevators, the establishment of standards for life-safety rescue organizations, and provision of flame retardation objects for evacuees-were proposed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.79-94
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• 2016

Anytime, anywhere, we can be connected through the Internet and obtain information by using the smart device. However, people with disabilities are unable to take advantage of smart IT environment. Many studies pointed out that this has been the cause of the digital divide and social problems. In this study, we conducted an empirical study on the use of smart devices to help the blind acceptance of conduct. According to the study results, innovativeness had the impact on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and self-esteem and self-efficacy appeared to affect the perceived ease of use. In addition, the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment affected the intention to re-use. These study results contribute to both theory and practice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2017

Background: Postoperative pain is a common, distressing symptom following arthroscopic knee surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the potential analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine after intrathecal versus intra-articular administration following arthroscopic knee surgery. Methods: Ninety patients undergoing unilateral elective arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly assigned into three groups in a double-blind placebo controlled study. The intrathecal dexmedetomidine group (IT) received an intrathecal block with intrathecal dexmedetomidine, the intra-articular group (IA) received an intrathecal block and intra-articular dexmedetomidine, and the control group received an intrathecal block and intra-articular saline. The primary outcome of our study was postoperative pain as assessed by the visual analogue scale of pain (VAS). Secondary outcomes included the effect of dexmedetomidine on total postoperative analgesic use and time to the first analgesic request, hemodynamics, sedation, postoperative nausea and vomiting, patient satisfaction, and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: Dexmedetomidine administration decreased pain scores for 4 h in both the intrathecal and intra-articular groups, compared to only 2 h in the control patient group. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in pain scores for 6 h in the intra-articular group. The time to the first postoperative analgesia request was longer in the intra-articular group compared to the intrathecal and control groups. The total meperidine requirement was significantly lower in the intra-articular and intrathecal groups than in the control group. Conclusions: Both intrathecal and intra-articular dexmedetomidine enhanced postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery. Less total meperidine was required with intra-articular administration to extend postoperative analgesia to 6 h with hemodynamic stability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was designed to find out the effectiveness of vertebral segment instability, muscle fatigue response on lumbar spine after apply lumbosacral stabilization exercise program to 4 patients with chronic low back pain and for 12 weeks. In this study, the lumbar spine motion with blind by MedX test machine and the difference of instability to lumbar vertebra segments in flexion, extension test of standing position and spinal load test(Matthiass Test) by Spinal Mouse. The stabilization exercise program was applied 2 times a week for 12 weeks in hospital and 2 times a day for 20 minutes at home. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. Instability test of lumbar vertebra segment is 2 type differential angle test between vertebrae segment and loading test of spine(matthiass) by Spinal Mouse. It appeared to improve stability of segments in sagittal plane after program. So lumbar spine curve increased lordosis toward anterior and was improved of the lumbar spine flexibility in flexion and extension. Specially, in matthiass test, ( - ) value was increased between lumbar vertebra segment when was the load on spine. And so stability improved after program. 2. Fatigue response test(FRT) results, in male, was raised muscle fatigue rate during increase weight, on the other hand female appeared lower than male. As a results, lumbosacral stabilization exercise was aided to improvement of lumbar spine vertebra segments stabilization. Spine instability patients will have a risk when in lifting a load or working with slight flexion posture during the daily of living life and it is probably to increase recurrence rate. Thus, not only lumbar extension muscle strength but also stability of vertebra segments in lumbar spine may be very important.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.52-60
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• 2001

Purpose: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in mild to moderate myopia patients to evaluate the benefit of taking a nutrient supplement containing anthocyanoside oligomers for improving nocturnal visiual function and/or clinical symptoms. Methods: The subjects included have refractive error between -lD(Diopters) $\~$-8D in both eyes, symptoms of decreased night vision and asthenopia based on the scoring result of a pre-structured questionnaire, and abnormal results of mesopic contrast sensitivity(MCS) screening test showing abnormal curve of contrast sensitivity in the middle and high frequency level, between 6.0 and 30.0 CPD(Cycles per degree) at mesopic condition(-2$\~$0 log cd/$m^2$). Total 60 people who qualified the criteria above were enrolled and the subjects were instructed to take the investigational product (anthocyanoside or placebo) twice daily for a 4 week period. The enrolled subjects were investigated for nocturnal vision performance by MCS and clinical symptoms at their first visit and re-evaluated at post-intervention (4 weeks later). MCS was measured and improvement of contrast threshold level according to each CPD was calculated by subtracting initial values from final values. Age, refractive error, and MCS were compared between the placebo and anthocyanoside. Results: After 4 weeks of drug administration 22 of the anthocyanoside group showed symptom improvement compared to 1 of the placebo group (p=0.000). Contrast sensitivity levels according to each CPD before and after drug treatment showed significant improvement in the anthocyanoside group but not in the placebo group. Mean MCS change of anthocyanoside group is 2.41$\pm$1.91 which showed significant improvement compared to -0.40$\pm$2.47 of the placebo group(p=0.000). MCS changes of anthocyanoside group showed significant improvement compared to placebo group in all levels of CPD(p<0.05). During our investigation none of the subjects complained of specific side effects related to anthocyanoside use. Conclusion: Our results show that under careful selection of people with significant symptoms and definite MCS abnormalities, anthocyanoside oligomers may improve the subjective symptoms and objective MCS results.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.181-192
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• 2014

Light-shelf is one of the most efficient natural lighting systems due to the improved function of the inflow level of the outdoor natural light. However, the existing research on the light shelf limits to the rectangular parallelepiped space, so do not provide sufficient data for various shapes of spaces. Thus, this study aims at deriving proper plan and relationship of the light shelf through its performance assessment depending on the indoor space shapes and utilizing them as basic data of light shelf design. The conclusions are as follows : 1) for 6m space depth, standard intensity of illumination satisfaction depth has shown 8.3%~26.3% improvement through the adjustment of the angle and width when installing light shelf compared to no light shelf installation; 2) $-30^{\circ}$, $-20^{\circ}$ and $-10^{\circ}$ light shelves set by this study play only as a blind regardless of the shape of ceiling on the summer solstice, and it is unsuitable; and 3) this study has derived proper plan of light shelf upon space shapes based on energy reduction and indoor evenness. The study results provide expanded data of the performance assessment of the light shelves according to the different space shapes and light shelf factors, which serves as a basis of the light shelves designing.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.176-189
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on obese women and aimed to confirm that the effects of KRG on obesity differ dependently on a gene. Fifty obese women were recruited and randomized to receive KRG (n=24) or placebo (n=26) for 8 wk. Measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, percentage of body fat, resting metabolic rate, basal body temperature, and daily food intake (FI), blood test (serum lipid, liver and renal function), Korean version of obesity-related quality of life scale (KOQOL), and a gene examination were performed. Comparisons of subjects before and after the administration of KRG revealed significant improvements of obesity in terms of weight, body mass index (BMI), WHR, FI, and KOQOL. However, in the comparison between KRG group and placebo group, only KOQOL was significantly different. KRG displayed significant efficacy on BMI and KOQOL in the CT genotype of the G protein beta 3 gene, but not in the CC genotype, on blood sugar test in the Trp64/Arg genotype of the beta 3 adrenergic receptor gene, but not in Trp64/Trp genotype, on KOQOL in the DD genotype of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene, but not in the ID and DD genotypes. The effects of KRG on obesity were confirmed to some extent. However, a distinct effect compared to placebo was not confirmed. KRG is more effective for improving the secondary issues of the quality of life derived from obesity rather than having direct effects on the obesity-related anthropometric assessment and blood test indices.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2012

Ginseng has a long history of use for health enhancement, and there is some evidence from animal studies that it has a beneficial effect on cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng on cognitive performance in humans. A total of 15 healthy young males with no psychiatric or cognitive problems were selected based on an interview with a board-certified psychiatrist. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of 4,500 mg red ginseng or placebo for a 2-week trial. There were 8 subjects in the red ginseng group and 7 subjects in the placebo group. All of the subjects were analyzed with the Vienna test system and a P300 event-related potential (ERP) test. There were no significant differences in the Vienna test system scores between the red ginseng group and the placebo group. In the event-related potential test, the C3 latency of the red ginseng group tended to decrease during the study period (p=0.005). After 2 wk, significant decreases were observed in the P300 latencies at Cz (p=0.008), C3 (p=0.005), C4 (p=0.002), and C mean (p=0.003) in the red ginseng group. Our results suggest that the decreased latency in ERP is associated with improved cognitive function. Further studies with a higher dosage of ginseng, a larger sample size, and a longer follow-up period are necessary to confirm the clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng.