• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2006

Background : Phentermine classified by "sympathomimmetic amie", is a stimulant of sympatheic tone But there has been no concrete study which presents the influence of phentermine on autonomic nervous system. Analysis of Heart rate variability is reliable, non-invasive and very useful for evaluating function of autonomic nervous system. We tried to elucidate the influence of phentermine on autonomic nervovs system by heart rate variability. MethodsAmong the 70 candidates who participated in the double-blind case control study whichwas designed in purpose of approving whether- Adipekⓓ is effective for treatment of obesity, 45persons were folled up. From April, 2005 to May 2005, HRV of the candidates who takes phentermine or placebo for 1month, was recorded using BFM-5000ⓓ(medi-core) for 5 minutes in resting state. HRV measures were assessed by time-domain and by frequency- domain analysis. Time domain parameters contain SDNN(Standard Deviation of NN intervals) and RMSSD(Root-Mean-Square of Successive Differences), etc and frequency domain Parameters contain Total Power(TP), Low frequency(LF'0.04-0.15Hz) power. High Frequency(HF:0.15-0.4Hz) power and LF/HF ratio etc. Results: Intakes of phentermine reduce HRV significant1y. SDNN & RMSSD, the main tine domain parameters of HRV, were decreased significantly(P=0.007. 0.016). PSI(Physical Stress Index of Pressure Index) was increase significantly(P=0.002)The main frequency domain parameters(TP, LF & VLF), also decreased significantly. (P=0.024,0.033, 0.015)Conclusion: The result showed that intakes of phentermine reduce heart rate variability and influence on most parameters of HRV. So phentermine not only accelerates sympathetic tone, but also inhibit the balance and function of autonomic nervous system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Mahuang-Chuanwu Pharmacopuncture Treatment in Obese Patients by analysing Body mass index(BMI), waist measurement and weight. Methods : We investigated on 52 volunteers consisted of 24 subjects in experiment(Mahuang-Chuanwu Pharmacopuncture) group and 28 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. The Study form was a single-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. 24 subjects in experiment group were injected Mahuang-Chuanwu Pharmacopuncture with additional common treatment and 28 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline with additional common treatment with Dietic Theraphy and Exercise. We measured BMI, waist measurement and weight on 3 times : before 1st session, after first 5 sessions, and after 10 sessions. The SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data and the wilcoxon signed ranks test (in group), mann Whitney u t-test(between two groups) and ${\chi}^2$-test(description of number) were used to verify the result. Results : In experiment group. BMI, waist measurement and weight were significantly low at the period of after first 5 sessions and after 10 sessions. In control group, BMI, waist measurement and weight were significantly low at the period of after 10 sessions but weren't significantly low at the period of after first 5 sessions. The changes of BMI, waist measurement and weight in experiment group were significantly more than that in control group. Conclusions : The Results suggest that Mahuang(Ephedra sinica Stapf)-Chuanwu(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx) Pharmacopuncture is effective on the treatment of obesity, compared to Normal Saline.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.791-798
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of saline solution vs. heparinized-saline for maintenance of arterial lines and to detect changes in platelet and aPTT as physiological indexes. Methods: In this nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized, double-blind study the effects of heparinized and saline solution on the maintenance of arterial lines were compared. Fifty five patients received the heparinized solution and fifty nine patients received the saline solution. All patients who had surgery in K-university hospital between September and December 2011 were eligible for participation in the study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the saline and the heparin group in the maintenance time of the arterial lines or the number of irrigations. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in changes in the number of platelets and aPTT for interaction between the groups and time intervals. Conclusion: The results indicate that saline solution can be used as an irrigation solution for the maintenance of arterial lines of adult surgical patients, rather than heparinized-saline, in view of potential risk factors in the use of heparin.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2016

Objective: Traditional retainers (both metal and fiber-reinforced composite [FRC]) have limitations, and a retainer made from more flexible ligature wires might be advantageous. We aimed to compare an experimental design with two traditional retainers. Methods: In this prospective preliminary clinical trial, 150 post-treatment patients were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups of 50 patients each to receive mandibular canine-to-canine retainers made of FRC, flexible spiral wire (FSW), and twisted wire (TW). The patients were monitored monthly. The time at which the first signs of breakage/debonding were detected was recorded. The success rates of the retainers were compared using chi-squared, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: In total, 42 patients in the FRC group, 41 in the FSW group, and 45 in the TW group completed the study. The 2-year failure rates were 35.7% in the FRC group, 26.8% in the FSW group, and 17.8% in the TW group. These rates differed insignificantly (chi-squared p = 0.167). According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, failure occurred at 19.95 months in the FRC group, 21.37 months in the FSW group, and 22.36 months in the TW group. The differences between the survival rates in the three groups were not significant (Cox regression p = 0.146). Conclusions: Although the failure rate of the experimental retainer was two times lower than that of the FRC retainer, the difference was not statistically significant. The experimental TW retainer was successful, and larger studies are warranted to verify these results.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Purpose: We intended to observe the relations between Chiljehyangbuhwan and abdominal temperature according to primary dysmenorrhea severity. Methods: We selected the 100 primary dysmenorrhea patients by the screening tests (first screening test-inquiry, second screening test-clinical test, additionally WHR (Waist-to-Hip ratio) by Inbody 2.0). By the fixed blocked randomization and double blind method, Chiljehyangbuhwan or placebo was administered for 1 menstration period. Finally, 69 patients remainded. Before and after administration, we measured 4 points abdominal temperature (Chon-jung(CV17), Chung-wan(CV12), Kwan-won(CV4), Chung-guk(CV3)) by DITI (DOREX Inc., USA). And then we checked the difference of temperature $({\Delta}T)$ between CV17 and CV12 / CV17 and CV4 / CV17 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4 / CV12 and CV3. After that, we compared ${\Delta}T$ with primary dysmenorrhea severity evaluated by VRS (verbal rating scale) and MVRS (multidimensional verbal rating scale). In dysmenorrhea severity, we standardized scale score and 3-group-severity by score (mild, moderate, severe). For statistics, we used Pearson correlations and Spearman's rho correlations, SPSS 11.0 for windows. Results: In case of MVRS, Chiljehyangbuhwan was correlated to ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4). In case of VRS, Chiljehyangbuhwan was not correlated to ${\Delta}T$. Statistically they showed significant result (p<0.05). Conclusion: The primary dysmenorrhea patients showed that severity by MVRS was connected with ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4) after Chiljehyangbuhwan administration. So we can consider Chiljehyangbuhwan effects the abdominal temperature according primary dysmenorrhea severity.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate thermal effect and medication compliance of red ginseng extract. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical study was performed. Twenty four healthy, married women aged 30-45 years with FSFI score below 25 were randomly divided into two groups; red ginseng group(N=12) and placebo group(N=12). During the first 6-week period (Study1), each group was dosed with red ginseng or placebo twice a day. Before starting the second 6-week period(Study2), a crossover design was chosen with a 2-week break(Washout period). Interchanging two groups after Washout period, red ginseng and placebo were dosed to each group. The efficacy of thermal effect was measured with subjective warm sensation scale and lower abdomen temperature by Digital Infrared Thermographic imaging(DITI) before and after each 6-week period. A medication compliance was assessed after each 6-week period and the correlation medication compliance between Sasang Constitution and subjective warm sensation was analyzed. Results: Overall 23 participants completed the study. In subjective warm sensation scale, after taking placebo, all participants exhibited an improving trend, but there was no significant difference. In lower abdomen temperature by DITI, statistically significant objective thermal effect of red ginseng was also not shown. A medication compliance was higher in Yin constitution(Taeumin, Soeumin), and showed an upward trend with decreasing subjective warm sensation. But no statistically significant difference was exhibited. Conclusion: Statistically significant thermal effect of red ginseng was not shown in this study. We anticipate if a long-term clinical trial is practiced, significant thermal effect of red ginseng will be shown.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was designed to find out the effectiveness of vertebral segment instability, muscle fatigue response on lumbar spine after apply lumbosacral stabilization exercise program to 4 patients with chronic low back pain and for 12 weeks. In this study, the lumbar spine motion with blind by MedX test machine and the difference of instability to lumbar vertebra segments in flexion, extension test of standing position and spinal load test(Matthiass Test) by Spinal Mouse. The stabilization exercise program was applied 2 times a week for 12 weeks in hospital and 2 times a day for 20 minutes at home. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. Instability test of lumbar vertebra segment is 2 type differential angle test between vertebrae segment and loading test of spine(matthiass) by Spinal Mouse. It appeared to improve stability of segments in sagittal plane after applying program. So lumbar spine curve increased lordosis toward anterior and was improved of the lumbar spine flexibility in flexion and extension. Specially, in matthiass test, (-) value was increased between lumbar vertebra segment when was the load on spine. And so applying stability improved after program. 2. Fatigue response test(FRT) results, in male, was raised muscle fatigue rate during increase weight, on the other hand female appeared lower than male. As a results, lumbosacral stabilization exercise was aided to improvement of lumbar spine vertebra segments stabilization. Spine instability patients will have a risk when in lifting a load or working with slight flexion posture during the daily of living life and it is probably to increase recurrence rate. Thus, not only lumbar extension muscle strength but also stability of vertebra segments in lumbar spine may be very important.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1999

We analyzed our experience with orchidopexy for undescended testicle performed during recent 10 years in order to evaluate our results and to determine the most effective treatment of undecended testes. Between 1988 and 1997, we treated 420 undescended tested (314 palpable and 106 nonpalpable) in 356 boys. Medical records were reviewed with respect to age at presentation, the surgical approach, testicular location, testicular volume and the final outcome. The average patient age at presentation was 4.1 years with 40.2 % presenting before age 2 years. Of 106 nonpalpable testes, 23 testes were intra-abdominal, 32 were preperitoneal and 51 were absent. During the first 5 years, we performed orchidopexy through 31 inguinal and 13 midline transabdominal incisions for 44 paitents with nonpalpable testes. In the next 5 years, all 47 patients with nonpalpable were treated through inguinal incisions. For the nonpalpable testes, the inguinal approach with or without intraperitoneal extension was successful in defining the location of testes and blind-ending vessels in all patients. Laparoscopy did not help to avoid surgical exploration in all our patients with nonpalpable tests. Of 339 inguinal and midline tranabdominal orchidopexies without spermatic vessels ligations, 324 testes were placed in the scrotum, 4 in the upper scrotum and 3 in the inguinal area. Eight testes underwent atrophy. Of 13 Fowler-Stephens orchidopexies, 7 were placed in the scrotum and 6 became atrophied. Testicular growths were noticed in most patients who underwent orchidopexies and the colume of pexed testes became as large as the contralateral normal testes by the mean duration of 43.3 months postoperatively. In conclusion, orchidopexies were successful in most cases of cryptochidism in terms of testicular position and growth. However, there were more testicular atrophies in cases where spermatic vessels were ligated. In cases of nonpalpable undescended testes, the inguinal approach with or without intraperitoneal extesion would be recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.518-522
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• 2004

In this study we examined effects of a new dietary supplement on the lipid level and body weight. The efficacy of this weight-reduction supplement, based on natural ingredients consisting of Phaseolus vulgaris, Garcinia cambogia, and microstalline cellulose, was investigated by randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. The 36 subjects were assigned evenly into weight-reduction supplemented (Active) and placebo groups (Placebo). The supplement could reduce the absorption of different types of sugar from the gastro-intestinal tract. A significant difference in weight reduction was shown in the active group (3.5 kg). Body composition measurements indicated that about 34% of fat loss in the active group could be achieved. These findings suggest that this dietary supplement could reduce body weight and fat gains, and its inhibitory effects might lead to obesity improvement.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 1995

A single-blind comparative study was performed using haloperidol as a reference drug in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nemonapride, a new benzamide derivative, in sixty-nine Korean schizophrenic patients. the total period of the study was 8 weeks, maximum dosage of nemonapride was 36mg and that of haloperidol was 24mg. Psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed every week or four weeks until the end of the 8th week using the PANSS, BPRS, and 4 point general side effect check list, The drug safety was assessed every week until the end of the 8th week using vital sign, body weight, EEG, EKG, and blood chemistry. In total. one patient discontinued nemonapride treatment and seven patients discontinued haloperidol treatment before the end of the study. Therefore sixty-one patients(88 %) completed the study. PNASS and BPRS scores of the two groups on the end study point demonstrated a significant improvement compared with baseline score. The number of patients who had a clinical improvement of at least 20% in baseline score was similiar in both treatment groups. The difference of Simpson's rating scale socres were significant in both groups, and mean scores were more high in the haloperidol group than in nemonapride group. No significant EKG, EEG changes were induced, no relevant change in body weight or clinical laboratory parameters were observed in the sixty-one patients during 8 weeks and no Significant difference in the both groups. From these results, nemonapride is considered to be a clinically useful drug having a wide range of antipsychotic effect in schzophrenic patients.