• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.608-611
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• 2022

The existing navigation applications mainly have a function that informs speed control, and it does not warn the location of black ice. If the navigation application performs this function, it will have a great effect on reducing traffic accidents. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for detecting black ice and a navigation application that warns it.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.416-421
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• 2021

In case of the road slips due to heavy snow and the temperature drops below 0 degrees, black ice which mainly occurs on the road, bridges for vehicles, and tunnel entrances, is not recognized by the driver's view because the image of the asphalt is transmitted through it. So cars' slip situation occurs, which leads to a big traffic accident and a large amount of loss of life and property. This study proposes a method to check the road condition using an infrared camera and to identify black ice through deep learning.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1874-1881
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• 2021

Black ice, which occurs mainly on the road, vehicle traffic bridges and tunnel entrances due to the sub-zero temperature due to the slip of the road due to heavy snow, is not recognized because the image of asphalt is transmitted in the driver's view, so the vehicle loses braking power because it causes serious loss of life and property. In this paper, we propose a method to identify the black ice by using infrared camera and to identify the road condition by using deep learning to compensate for the disadvantages of existing black ice detection methods (artificial satellite imaging, checking the pattern of slip by ultrasonic reception, measuring the temperature of the road surface, and checking the difference in friction force of the tire during vehicle driving) and to reduce the size of the sensor to detect black ice.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.827-836
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• 2017

Freezing rain is a phenomenon when precipitation falls as a liquid rain drop, but freezes when it comes into contact with surfaces or objects. In this study, we investigated the predictability of freezing rain and its characteristics, which are strongly related with the occurrence of black ice using synoptic scale meteorological observation data. Two different cases occurred at 2012 were analyzed and in the presented cases, freezing rain often occurs in the low-level low pressure with the warm front. The warm front due to the lower cyclone make suitable environment in which snow falling from the upper layer can change into supercooled water. The $0^{\circ}C$ temperature line to generate supercooling water is located at an altitude of 850 hPa in the vertical temperature distribution. And the ground temperature remained below zero, as is commonly known as a condition for black ice formation. It is confirmed that the formation rate of freezing rain is higher when the thickness after 1000-850 hPa is 1290-1310 m and the thickness of 850-700 hPa layer is larger than 1540 m in both cases. It can also be used to predict and estimate the generation of freezing rain by detecting and analyzing bright bands in radar observation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.01a
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• pp.79-81
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• 2020

최근 블랙 아이스에 의한 사고 사례가 많다. 블랙 아이스는 사람의 눈으로 식별하기 힘들고, 보인다 하더라도 도로가 조금 젖은 것으로 판단할 가능성이 높아 차량 사고를 유발할 확률이 높다. 본 논문에서는 블랙 아이스로 인한 사고를 조금이라도 줄이기 위해 센서를 통하여 블랙 아이스를 판별하고 사전 예방할 수 있는 방법과 해결책에 대해 고찰해보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

In this paper, we proposed a deep learning model based on multi-scale dilated convolution feature fusion for the segmentation of black ice region in road image to send black ice warning to drivers in real time. In the proposed multi-scale dilated convolution feature fusion network, different dilated ratio convolutions are connected in parallel in the encoder blocks, and different dilated ratios are used in different resolution feature maps, and multi-layer feature information are fused together. The multi-scale dilated convolution feature fusion improves the performance by diversifying and expending the receptive field of the network and by preserving detailed space information and enhancing the effectiveness of diated convolutions. The performance of the proposed network model was gradually improved with the increase of the number of dilated convolution branch. The mIoU value of the proposed method is 96.46%, which was higher than the existing networks such as U-Net, FCN, PSPNet, ENet, LinkNet. The parameter was 1,858K, which was 6 times smaller than the existing LinkNet model. From the experimental results of Jetson Nano, the FPS of the proposed method was 3.63, which can realize segmentation of black ice field in real time.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.691-696
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• 2013

Black carbon contributes to global warming and melting of polar ice as well as causing respiratory diseases. However, it is also an inexpensive, easily available carbon nano material for elementary chemistry experiments. In this study, black carbon samples collected from candle light and automobile exhaust pipes have been investigated to examine their compositions and surface characteristics. The observed broad G and D bands and amorphous $sp^3$ band in their Raman spectra as well as the high intensity of the D (defect) band reveal that black carbon is principally made of amorphous graphite. The black carbon deposits in automobile exhaust pipes are apparently more amorphous, probably due to the shorter time allowed for formation of the carbonaceous matter. An exceptionally large water contact angle ($159.7^{\circ}$) is observed on black carbon, confirming its superhydrophobicity. The surface roughness evidently plays an important role for the contact angle much larger than that of crystalline graphite ($98.3^{\circ}$). According to the Sassie-Baxter equation, less than 1% the area actually in contact with the water drop.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.524-526
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• 2021

As the invention of automobiles and construction of roads for vehicles began, the occurrence of traffic accidents began to increase. Accordingly, efforts were made to prevent traffic accidents by changing the road construction method and using signal systems such as traffic lights, but until now, numerous human and property damages have occurred every year due to traffic accidents caused by freezing of the road due to bad weather. In this paper, we propose a method of transmitting ice detection data detected using vehicle sensor data to vehicle navigation to reduce traffic accidents caused by road freezing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.521-523
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• 2021

As the invention of automobiles and construction of roads for vehicles began, the occurrence of traffic accidents began to increase. Accordingly, efforts were made to prevent traffic accidents by changing the road construction method and using signal systems such as traffic lights, but even today, numerous human and property damages have occurred due to traffic accidents caused by freezing of the road due to bad weather. In this paper, in order to reduce traffic accidents due to road freezing, we propose a method of transferring the ice detection information obtained by deep learning of infrared wavelength data obtained using an infrared camera to the vehicle's navigation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.663-671
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate not only quality characteristics such as overrun, meltdown and sensory evaluation of oligosaccharide-supplemented soy ice cream but also physiological effects of ice cream with soy and/or oligosaccharide on blood sugar and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Powder of parched soybean was added at $7.6\%$ replacing skimmed milk and cream, soybean oil at $7.6\%$ replacing milk oil in cream, and fructooli-gosaccharide at $9.5\%$ replacing sucrose on weight basis. Five kinds of ice cream were prepared: MMS (skimmed milk, milk oil, sucrose), MMO (skimmed milk, milk oil, oligosaccharide), SSS (soybean, soybean oil, sucrose), SSO (soybean, soybean oil, oligosaccharide), and BSO (black soybean, soybean oil, oligosaccharide). Overrun and meltdown of soy ice cream were significantly lower than those of milk ice cream. Scores of sensory evaluation especially in mouth feel and melting feel in mouth were lower in soy ice cream. Freeze-dried ice cream was supplemented to AIN93-based diets at $30\%$(w/w). Sprague-Dawley male rats with diabetes induced by injecting streptozotocin were fed experimental diets for 4 weeks. Plasma glucose level was significantly lowered in SSO group compared with MMS group. Plasma insulin levels of MMO and SSO groups were not significantly different from that of normal group, while those of MMS and SSO group were significantly lower than normal group. Plasma cholesterol was decreased in groups fed ice cream supplemented either soybean or fructooligosaccharide compared to MMS group. HDL-cholesterol level was elevated and triglyceride was decreased significantly in MMO group compared to MMS group. LDL-cholesterol levels of SSS and BSO groups and liver triglyceride level of SSO group were significantly lower compared to MMS group. In conclusion, oligosaccharide-supplemented soy ice cream lowered blood sugar, and ice cream supplemented with soybean and/or oligosaccharide improved lipid profile in diabetic rats.