• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.464-472
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cheonghyul-san on the generation of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radical ( ${\cdot}\;O_2^-$), and on the expression of NF-${\kappa}$B-dependent proinflammatory proteins in ob/ob mice. Mice were grouped and treated for 5 weeks as follows. Both the normal lean (C57BL/6J black mice) and control obese (ob/ob mice) groups have received the standard chow. The experimental groups were fed with a diet of chow supplemented with 7.5, 15 and 30 mg Cheonghyul-san per 1 kg of body weight for 14 days. For this study, the fluorescent probes, namely 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), 4,5-diaminofluorescein-2 (DAF-2) and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) were used. Western blot was performed using anti-IKK-${\alpha}$, anti-phospho I${\kappa}$B-${\alpha}$, anti-NF-${\kappa}$B (p50, p65), anti-COX-2, anti-iNOS, anti-VCAM-1 antibodies, respectively. Cheonghyul-san prevented $H_2O_2$-induced cell death. Cheonghyul-san inhibited the generation of $ONOO^-$, NO and ${\cdot}\;O_2^-$ in the $H_2O_2$-treated LLC-$PK_1$ cells. The generation of $ONOO^-$, NO and ${\cdot}\;O_2^-$ were inhibited in the Cheonghyul-san-administered ob/ob mice groups. The GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in the ob/ob mice, whereas the ratio was improved in the Cheonghyul-san-administered groups. Cheonghyul-san inhibited the protein expression levels of phospho-I${\kappa}$B-${\alpha}$, IKK-${\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}$B (p50, p65), COX-2, iNOS and VCAM-1 genes. These results suggest that Cheonghyul-san is an effective scavenger of $ONOO^-$, ${\cdot}\;O_2^-$ and NO, and has an inhibitory effect on the expression of NF-${\kappa}$B-dependent inflammatory genes in ob/ob mice. Therefore, Cheonghyul-san might be used as a potential therapeutic drug against the diabetes- and obesity-related proinflammatory diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2009

Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role, Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Mori Fructus extract has been known to be effective for the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antiobesitic prescription, and composed of four crude herbs, The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mori Fructus extract in male ob/ob mouse with severe obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia. Mice were grouped and treated for 5 weeks as follows. Both the lean (C57BL/6J black mice) and diabetic (ob/ob mice) control groups received standard chow. The experimental groups were fed with a diet of chow supplemented with 7.5, 15 and 30 mg Mori Fructus extract per 1 kg of body weight for 14 days. The effects of Mori Fructus extract on the ob/ob mice were observed by measuring the serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipid components, and the kidney levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA+HAE, GSH and also the enzyme activities involved in polyol pathway. Western blotting was performed using anti-AGE, anti-RAGE respectively. Mori Fructus extract lowered the levels of serum glucose and insulin in a dose dependent manner. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were decreased, while the HDL-cholesterol level was increased, in Mori Fructus extract treated groups. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the ob/ob mice, whereas those were inhibited in the Mori Fructus extract-administered groups. Mori Fructus extract inhibited the generation of ROS in the kidney. MDA+HAE level was increased and the GSH level was decreased in the ob/ob mice, whereas those were improved in the Mori Fructus extract-administered groups. Mori Fructus extract inhibited the expression of AGE, RAGE in the ob/ob mice. The results suggested that Mori Fructus exerted the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, scavenging the ROS, decreasing the MDA+HAE level, increasing the GSH level and inhibiting the expression of AGE, RAGE in the ob/ob mice.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 1976

1976년 6월 20일에 해운대 동백섬 연안에서 채집된 황아귀의 자어를 재료로 하여 초기생활사에 따른 형태변화 과정중 등지느러미 이극, 배지느러미, 색소포 및 소화관의 발적과정과 아가미, 새조 및 치아등의 형성과정에 관하여 관찰하였다. 1. 제1등지느러미 제1극의 원기는 부화직후인 2.7mm 전후에 생겨나 6.30mm 전후에서 극의 형태로 분화되며, 제2극은 5.82mm 전후에 원기가 나타나고 제3극은 6.45mm 전후에서 원기가 나타나 분화되는 것같다. 2. 배지느러미는 2.7mm 전후에 가슴지느러미의 바로 뒤쪽에서 원기가 나타나고, 처음에는 반원형으로 솟아나듯 하든 것이 차츰 발달함에 따라 뒤쪽으로 향해 곤봉상으로 길어지고, 전장 6.35mm 전후에서 전장의 1/2 정도의 크기로 발달하며, 가는 두 줄의 지느러미 줄기가 나타난다. 3. 색소포의 발달은 특히 미부에 있어서 2단계로 구분할 수 있는데, 부화직후(2.7mm 전후) 미부에 불규칙 9열로 분포하는 경우와 시일이 경과함에 따라 전장 4.25mm전후에는 뚜렷한 3개의 색소포군을 형성하는 경우를 들 수 있다. 4. 소화관은 부화직후인 2.7mm 전후에 창자의 시흔이 나타나기 시작하며 전장 5.4mm 전후에 난황이 축소되면서 창자의 굴곡등 소화관의 윤곽이 뚜렷해질 뿐만 아니라 입도 열리는 것 같다. 5. 아가미는 전장 6.35mm 전후에 시흔이 보이며 발달하기 시작하고 치아는 전장 6.25mm 전후에 원기가 나타나고 새조는 6.45mm 전후에 5개의 새조골을 볼 수 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2008

Peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$) and nitric oxide (NO) are cytotoxic because they can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. They have been implicated in the aging processes, and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ojunghwan on the generation of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$), and on the expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory proteins in ob/ob mice. Mice were grouped and treated for 5 weeks as follows. Both the normal lean (C57/BL6J black mice) and control obese (ob/ob mice) groups have received the standard chow. The experimental groups were fed with a diet of chow supplemented with 30 and 90 mg Ojung-hwan per 1 kg of body weight for 14 days. For this study, the fluorescent probes, namely 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) were used. Western blot was performed using anti-phospho $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, $anti-IKK-{\alpha}$, $anti-NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), anti-COX-2, anti-iNOS, anti-VCAM-1 and anti-MMP-9 antibodies, respectively. Ojunghwan inhibited the generation of $ONOO^-$, NO and ${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$ in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse kidney postmitochondrial fraction in vitro. The generation of $ONOO^-$, NO, ${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$ and $PGE_2$ were inhibited in the Ojunghwan-administered ob/ob mice groups. The GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in the ob/ob mice, whereas that were improved in the Ojunghwan-administered groups. Ojunghwan inhibited the expression of $phospho-I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, $IKK-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2, iNOS, VCAM-1 and MMP-9 genes. These results suggest that Ojunghwan is an effective scavenger of $ONOO^-$, ${\cdot}\;{O_2}^-$, NO and $PGE_2$, and has an inhibitory effect on the expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory genes in ob/ob mice. Therefore, Ojunghwan might be used as a potential therapeutic drug against the inflammation process and inflammation- related diseases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2014

Myiasis is usually caused by flies of the Calliphoridae family, and Cochliomyia hominivorax is the etiological agent most frequently found in myiasis. The first case of myiasis in a diabetic foot of a 54-year-old male patient in Argentina is reported. The patient attended the hospital of the capital city of Tucum$\acute{a} $n Province for a consultation concerning an ulcer in his right foot, where the larval specimens were found. The identification of the immature larvae was based on their morphological characters, such as the cylindrical, segmented, white yellow-coloured body and tracheas with strong pigmentation. The larvae were removed, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. The larvae were reared until the adults were obtained. The adults were identified by the setose basal vein in the upper surface of the wing, denuded lower surface of the wing, short and reduced palps, and parafrontalia with black hairs outside the front row of setae. The main factor that favoured the development of myiasis is due to diabetes, which caused a loss of sensibility in the limb that resulted in late consultation. Moreover, the poor personal hygiene attracted the flies, and the foul-smelling discharge from the wound favoured the female's oviposition. There is a need to implement a program for prevention of myiasis, in which the population is made aware not only of the importance of good personal hygiene and home sanitation but also of the degree of implication of flies in the occurrence and development of this disease.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 1989

About Oui-Ga-Sil(胃家實) in order to considerate the contents recorded in Nai-Gyung Sang-Han-Lon and latter literature, definition, etiopathology, syndrome, differential diagnosis, therapy, Prognosis and prevention were classified. And the results were as follows: 1. Oui-Ga(胃家)was a term which indicated the whole digestive system such as stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. Sil(實)could be defined as the peculiar concept pertaining to the acute and last stage which was invaded to inside bowels because of abundance with evil influence. 2. Eliology of Oui-Ga-Sil was abunt gastric fever originally, injured mucus because of mistreatment, the invasion to inside of outside evil influence through meridian. Pathology was the opening and shutting appearance of gastric abundance with intestinal emptiness, and intestinal abundance with gastric emptiness, Oui-Ga-Sil could be occurred because of gastric abundant dryness and splenic humidifying capacity decrease. 3. Symptom of Oui-Ga-Sil was classified as for the sunlight outside syndrome and the inside abundant syndrome. The sunlight outside syndrome was body fever, sweating, no chilling, on the contrary hatred of fever. The chief complaint of inside abundant syndrome was daily fever, talking in delirium, hand and foot sweating, abdominal distention, difficult defection and those could be pertained to sunlight bowel syndrome. 4. Diagnostic views of Oui-Ga-Sil were that pulse was descending abundant large strong and smooth quick, a coated tongue was yellow, deep yellow, old yellow, thick, scorching dry rough or gray black. On abdominal diagnosis, pressing by hand, patient was conscious of pain, excessive pain, rejection against press, impossible press or intermittent abdominal pain and bowel cutting pain without press. 5. Differential diagnosis was that the sunlight of Nai-Gyung-Fever-Theory was outside desease making meridian the prime object, Baik-Ho-Tang syndrome was making figureless abundant fever the pivotal point. And important differential standard of splenic shrink syndrome was that a daily fever, an irritation with fever were not occurred. 6. Theory of Oui-Ga-Sil was that Seng-Gi-Tang classes had been used in attacking downward or making balance, and moxibustion on Jung-Wan, honey boiling induction theory had been also used. Attacking downward therapy was invigorating method to preserve mucus, and if mucus had been exausted with complicating emptiness prognosis had been appeared badly. 7. Preventing from Oui-Ga-Sil diet by rule, fitness to cold and warmth may be needed to prevent outside evil influence attack and inside evil influence occurrence. Prudence with being very busy, fatigue, wine and woman may be also needed not to be an injury to splanic and gastric spirit.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제23권
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• pp.71-90
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• 2020

전쟁기념관에서 소장하고 있는 등록문화재 제666호 F-51D 무스탕 전투기의 과학적 분석을 진행하였다. F-51D 무스탕 전투기는 1950년 6월 25일 전쟁이 발발하자, 7월 2일 우리 공군이 미국으로부터 인수해 최초로 운용한 전투기이다. 전쟁기간 동안 북한군을 상대하여 괄목할 만한 작전을 펼친 한국 공군의 주력기이다. 본 연구 대상은 6·25전쟁 당시 직접 사용된 기체로 현재까지 과학적 조사·분석이 이루어지지 않았으며 차후 해체 및 복원을 계획하고 있다. 지속적인 옥외 전시로 인해 도료층 및 캐노피가 변색되었으며 도료의 박락 및 균열 또한 확인되었다. 비파괴 과학적 분석을 통해 대형유물의 해체 및 복원의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다. P-XRF를 사용하여 적색, 청색, 황색, 백색, 흑색, 회색을 중심으로 안료 성분 분석을 진행하였고, 전투기에 사용된 도료의 수지 성분을 확인하기 위해 적외선 분광 분석(FT-IR-ATR)을 하였다. 몸체, 날개, 꼬리날개에 사용된 금속의 성분 분석도 함께 진행하였다. 안료 성분 분석은 적색 산화철인 벵가(Fe₂O₃), 프탈로시아닌 블루계 등의 유기안료, 황색의 황연(PbCrO₄), 백색의 티타늄화이트(TiO₂), 흑색의 철흑(Fe₃O₄), 회색의 철흑(Fe₃O₄)+티타늄화이트(TiO₂)가 확인되었다. 전투기 외부 도장에 사용된 수지는 주로 Alkyd 수지를 사용한 것으로 확인되었으며 청색의 경우 Acryl 수지를 이용하여 도장 한 것으로 추정된다. 전투기 캐노피는 투명성과 내광성이 우수한 Poly methyl methacrylate(PMMA)로 확인되었다. 전투기 몸체, 날개, 꼬리날개에서 모두 알루미늄(Al)이 주성분으로 검출되었다. 꼬리날개부 후면부의 경우 철-아연 도금(함석)이 사용된 것을 보아 과거 복원부인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.18.1-18.5
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• 2014

Background: A six-week study involving two hundred and fifty (250) Harco Black layer birds at point of lay was conducted to investigate the effects of potential natural colorant on performance and Egg quality traits. The birds were assigned to five (5) dietary treatments, each containing supplements either of control, Baobab Leaf (BL), Waterleaf (WL), Red Pepper (RP), Canthaxanthin (CTX) at 40 g/kg feed and 50 mg/kg feed of natural and commercial colorants, respectively. Results: Performance records shows that there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in feed intake across the supplements of Red pepper, Water leaf, Canthaxanthin and control diet, however, birds fed Baobab leaf treatment had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) feed intake value (94.07 g) when compared with other treatments. Body weight gain and Hen Day Production were not significant influenced (p > 0.05) by the dietary treatments, although laying hens fed Baobab leaf supplement had lowest mean HDP of 48.80%, while birds fed Red pepper and Water leaf supplement had an average value of 52.79%. There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of colorants on egg external traits, compared with the control; birds fed Canthaxanthin treatment had higher mean egg weight (51.79 g), egg length (4.55 g), egg breadth (3.29 g); Red pepper treatment had highest mean shell thickness (0.29 g), however these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Yolk height, Albumen height, Yolk index, and Haugh unit were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) across treatments. Yolk width was lowest (p < 0.05) in Baobab leaf treatment (2.54 cm); Red pepper, Water leaf and Canthaxanthin (2.89 cm, 2.62 cm and 2.89 cm respectively) were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the control (2.73 cm). Yolk colour score was significantly highest (p < 0.05) in Red pepper treatment (7.50); Water leaf, Baobab leaf and Canthaxanthin ranged between 2.25-3.31 on the DSM yolk colour fan, Control treatment had the lowest yolk colour score (p < 0.05) of 1.31. Conclusion: The study showed Red pepper as a worthy alternative to commercial yolk colorant. Water leaf and baobab are not good substitutes for canthaxanthin as a yolk colourant.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2016

연산오계는 오래전부터 건강기능 증진 및 치료 효능이 높은 것으로 알려져 왔다. 최근 건강 기능식품 소재로 기능성 펩타이드 효능이 알려짐에 따라, 연산오계 내장 부산물로 부터 올리고 펩타이드 최적 생산 공정 및 생성물 특성에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다. 최적 효소가수 분해 공정 표면반응 분석을 이용하여 수행하였다. 최적 공정 조건을 확립하기 위해서 온도 (40, 50, $60^{\circ}C$), pH (pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0), 효소 (1, 2, 3%) 범위에서 수행을 하였다. 생성물에 대한 가수분해도, 아미노산, 분자량 분포를 분석하였다. 효소 가수분해 최적 온도는 $58^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, 효소의 농도는 3% 이었다. 최적 조건에서 2 시간 효소 가수분해를 한 결과 75-80% 이었다. 구성 아미노산의 총 함량은 386.15 mg/100 g 이었고 유리 아미노산 총량은 155.26 mg/100 g. 분자량를 Maldi-TOF 으로 분석을 한 결과 90% 이상이 300-1,000 Da 분포를 보여주었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2009

Objectives: Peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}{O_2}^-$ and nitric oxide (NO) are cytotoxic because they can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. They have been implicated in the aging processes, and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the $ONOO^-$, NO, ${\cdot}{O_2}^-$ scavenging and NF-${\kappa}B$ related anti-inflammatory activities of Sotosaja-hwan in ob/ob mice. Methods: Mice were grouped and treated for 5 weeks as follows. Both the normal lean (C57/BL6J black mice) and control obese (ob/ob mice) groups have received standard chow. The experimental groups were fed with a diet of chow supplemented with 30 and 90 mg Sotosaja-hwan per 1 kg of body weight for 14 days. For this study, the fluorescent probes, namely 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) were used. Western blotting was performed using anti-phospho-$I{\kappa}B$-${\alpha}$, anti-IKK-${\alpha}$, anti-NF-${\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), anti-COX-2, anti-iNOS, anti-YCAM-1 and anti-MMP-9 antibodies, respectively. Results: Sotosaja-hwan inhibited the generation of $ONOO^-$, NO and ${\cdot}{O_2}^-$ in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse kidney postmitochondrial fraction in vitro. The generation of $ONOO^-$, NO, ${\cdot}{O_2}^-$ and PGE2 were inhibited in the Sotosaja-hwan-administered ob/ob mice groups. The GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in the ob/ob mice, whereas the ratio was improved in the Sotosaja-hwan-administered groups. Sotosaja-hwan inhibited the protein expression levels of phospho-$I{\kappa}B$-${\alpha}$, IKK-${\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2, iNOS, YCAM-1 and MMP-9 genes. Conclusions: These results suggest that Sotosaja-hwan is an effective $ONOO^-$, ${\cdot}{O_2}^-$ and NO scavenger and has NF-kB related anti-inflammatory activity in ob/ob mice. Therefore, Sotosaja-hwan might be a potential therapeutic drug against the inflammation process and inflammation-related diseases.