• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2018

계획적이고 안정적인 영농을 위해 영농작업 인력을 확보하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 하지만 농가인구의 감소로 인한 농업인력 확보의 어려움과 농업노동 임금의 지속적인 증가는 경영주에게 이중의 고통이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 농가처분가능소득이 전국에서 가장 높은 강원도를 지역 표집으로 선정하여 Bivariate Probit 모형을 이용해 내국인과 외국인 고용의 상호 관계를 고려한 고용인력 수요 결정요인을 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 첫째, 3개월 이상 노동력을 고용하는 농가들의 경우 내국인 고용수요와 외국인 고용수요 간에는 양(+)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전형적인 도시근교 농업의 특징을 나타내는 춘천시에 비해 강원도내 타 지역 농가들은 다른 변수들이 일정할 경우 내국인과 외국인의 고용수요가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 젊은 경영주일수록 내국인 상시 고용에 대한 수요가 높고, 농가조직에 참여하고 있는 농가일수록 자가노동 확률은 0.13% 감소하고, 상시 농업 노동력에 대한 수요가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 종합한 농업 노동력 확보를 위한 정책적 시사점으로는 첫째, 상시고용된 농업인력들을 대상으로 국내외 문화 차이를 인지하고, 내국인 노동자와 외국인 노동자간의 협력 네트워크 구축을 위한 영농교육 확대가 필요하다. 둘째, 각 지역별로 내국인 또는 외국인 노동자의 상시고용 수요가 상이한 것으로 나타나 강원도내 지역별 농산업 현황을 기반으로 "(가칭)강원도 농업 인력 수급 플랫폼" 구축이 필요하다. 셋째, 청년창업농과 농가조직 참여 농가들을 대상으로 농작업 상시고용 인력을 우선적으로 매칭해 주는 것이 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2012

Present study investigates on the impact of resources and characteristics of the tenure choice for divorced women in Korea. The authors utilize the micro data from the Korea Census (2% sample) provided by the National Statistical Office. The authors apply the bivariate probit model to eliminate selection bias that could incur due to sample selectivity, from a chain of marital disruption and tenure choices. This study starts with a descriptive explanation of homeownership after divorce from 1985 to 2005. It concluded that divorce results in a substantial attrition of homeownership. The authors found that out for many women, divorce initiates a process of downward mobility on the housing ladder. The probability to own housing is much lower for divorced women than for women who are not divorced. The present study concludes by suggesting some policy implications for divorced women who have limited access to housing stability. The authors also suggest some future studies that can compensate the empirical limitations of the present study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2019

Securing manpower in rural areas is critical to improving the productive potential and overcome challenges caused by changes in the demographic structure and the need for diversification of the rural economy. This underpins the importance of nurturing young farmers in order to enhance the agricultural competitiveness in the rural areas. On the other hand, 42.3% of young farmers under the age of 40, which is the target age of the government-sponsored program to foster young farmers, grow rice. Meanwhile, 42.3% of the farmers are under 40 years of age which is a category of farmers targeted under the government sponsored program to advance rice production. In this study, a bivariate probit model is used to conduct substantive analysis on the potential political interventions that would persuade young farmers in the rural areas to participate in rice production in the 6th industry. In summary, most important factors identified as to influence participation of young farmers in the diversification of crop production are the utilization of information device, land, ownership of agricultural machinery, and the leasing of the cultivating land.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the level of satisfaction of domestic Environment-friendly agricultural products and purchase intent of imported organic products. To accomplish the objective of the study a consumer survey was administered for quantitative analysis regarding consumption patterns. The bivariate probit with sample selection model was employed for empirical analysis on the relationship. The estimation results showed that to increase continuously the consumption, it is necessary to improve the quality satisfaction compared to the price, and that it is also necessary to increase the reliability of the certification system and the awareness that the consumption is helpful for health promotion to increase the quality satisfaction compared to price. In addition, it was concluded that in order to induce the purchase of domestic organic products rather than imported organic products, efforts to improve the safety of domestic products, remove the risk of residual pesticides, and increase the reliability of domestic products compared to imported products are needed. Therefore, to reduce the proportion of purchases of imported organic products and increase the consumption of domestic products, raising awareness that the consumption is conducive to health promotion, enhancing the safety of domestic products, and providing accurate information on the safety of imported products are required.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.129-152
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• 2006

The purpose in this study is to analyze the effect of expected public pension assets (or social security wealth) and retirement incentives on retirement behaviors of two wage earners households. For the purpose of the study, an empirical analysis was conducted. In the empirical step, it was found that the empirical results were significant for men, but not for women namely, statistically asymmetric if behaviors of two couples are interdependent. The cause for the statistically asymmetric results were then determined. The Bivariate Probit model was used for estimation in the first step and the KLIPS(Korean Labor and Income Panel Study) was used as data for estimation. According to the empirical analysis, the results showed statistically significant asymmetry for men, however not for women, in expected public pension assets and other retirement incentives, non-wage assets, age difference, spouse's health status, spouse's monthly wages per hour and aging of their spouse In this study, cause of statistically asymmetric result in asymmetric complementarities of leisure of couples were found, then explained through different methods of comparison from the most recent studies. First, spouse's cross wage elasticity of self leisure demand(retirement) was calculated and determined whether complementarities of leisure of couples is positive or negative. Then, the degree of complementarities of leisure was distinguished in comparison with the relative size of two cross elasticities. Thus, men have relatively strong complementarities of leisure. But for women, it may roughly cancel out due to the substitution effect and the income effect. Therefore, women have relatively weak complementarities of leisure.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.613-619
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• 2017

In Korea, the government introduced the $6^{th}$ industrialization policy for the agricultural sector in 2013, to increase farmers' incomes and the value-added of agricultural products. Although some research has been done on the $6^{th}$ industrialization of agriculture, the relationship between the level of consumers' awareness and the $6^{th}$ industrialization of agriculture has not yet been discussed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of consumers' awareness levels on the development of the $6^{th}$ industrialization of agriculture. The results of a survey and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model present the following findings: an increased consumers' awareness of the $6^{th}$ industrialization of agriculture positively affects the agricultural sector. More particularly, it was found that consumers who agree that the $6^{th}$ industrialization increases farmers' income and creates value-added agricultural products will also have an optimistic prospect for a successful $6^{th}$ industrialization. In addition, consumers who like to experience agro-tourism type activities give higher scores to the infrastructure level of the $6^{th}$ industrialization. Consumers who think that production section should take lead the $6^{th}$ industrialization of the agricultural sector will also have an optimistic prospect for a successful $6^{th}$ industrialization. However, consumers who think that farmers or farmers' organizations, should take lead the $6^{th}$ industrialization have a more pessimistic prospect for a successful $6^{th}$ industrialization. Consumers who got information on the $6^{th}$ industrialization from the internet think that the infrastructure of the $6^{th}$ industrialization is not good enough.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.264-272
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• 2020

In this study, for the people who turned or returned to farming (the "Returnees"), information provision measures were sought, focusing on "farmland," for their difficulties in the settlement phase and finding a way for their new agricultural companies to settle in the farming business stably. For this purpose, this study considered endogeneity using a bivariate probit model. According to the results of the study, first, there is a strong positive correlation between the difficulty of securing farmland and the demand for providing farmland information in the settlement phase. Therefore, to ensure the stable settlement of the Returnees, it is necessary to actively respond to their demand through the provision of farmland information. Second, for young returnees, the probability of encountering difficulties in securing farmland is high during the settlement phase. Third, if the young returnees returned to farming after seeing the possibility of agricultural development, the possibility of securing farmland in the settlement stage decreases, and although there was no statistical significance, the demand for farmland information also decreases. Fourth, it was found that if the returnees intend to expand the scale of farming in the future, it is difficult to secure farmland in the settlement phase, and the demand for farmland information also increases.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-109
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• 2007

This study evaluates citizen's willingness-to-pay for the benefits from improved water quality of the Taehwa river in Ulsan, Korea, using a contingent valuation method with double-bounded dichotomous choice. The estimation results of the bivariate probit model shows the amounts of willingness-to-pay are monthly 3,458.5 Korean Won per household and yearly 14,760 million Korean Won for total households in Ulsan, Korea. These estimates are equivalent to the social values of improved water quality of the Taehwa river. This study also tests the inter-dependence between two answers, which may occur in the responses of the questions for the double-bounded dichotomous choice, and all the null hypotheses on the inter-dependence are rejected in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.400-407
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• 1999

The purpose of thin paper is to test difference of the two question formats, open-ended and dichotomous choice formats, in the contingent valuation method using the estimated recreational benefits. The data were collected from the visitors at the Songnisan National Park. The recreational benefit based on the equivalent variation. The two question formats, but the same content, were asked of the same individuals. In this analysis, it was used travel cost and monthly income as the exogenous variables, which assumed a linear functional form for the WTP equation. The model assumed a bivariate normal distribution on the basis of the probit and tobit model concerning the censored zero WTP. The result showed no differences in the recreational benefits from the different question formats under a same respondent. The mean benefit was estimated 25.556 Won per 5 years per visitors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.65-79
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to establish a conceptual model on the woman's labor force participation and mobility in the labor market and to analyze the correlation between them. Included in those models were two independent variable sets. The one was related to household's financial conditions and the other was associated to the woman's role such as marital status, the number of children and the existence of young children. KHPS's national data was used and the Binomial Probit Model and Bivariate Probit Model were employed to analyse the effects of independent variables and the correlations between two dependent variables. The results of this study were as follows. The rate of women's labor force participation and the percentage of mobility willingness were 15.4% and 22.0%. Among the variables which have affected women's labor force participation were total wage income, non-wage income, expenditure on children's education and the subject judgement of their financial status. The existence of children under the age of 6 and marital status had significant influences on women's mobility willingness. The correlation between women's labor force participation and mobility willingness was very significant statistically. These findings clarified the status of woman as a secondary worker and pointed that a woman's economic activity would be subject to the woman's condition rather than her human capital.