• 제목/요약/키워드: Biomedical and clinical applications

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Updated Primer on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Medical Imaging for Medical Professionals

  • Kiduk Kim;Kyungjin Cho;Ryoungwoo Jang;Sunggu Kyung;Soyoung Lee;Sungwon Ham;Edward Choi;Gil-Sun Hong;Namkug Kim
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.224-242
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    • 2024
  • The emergence of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a chatbot developed by OpenAI, has garnered interest in the application of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models in the medical field. This review summarizes different generative AI models and their potential applications in the field of medicine and explores the evolving landscape of Generative Adversarial Networks and diffusion models since the introduction of generative AI models. These models have made valuable contributions to the field of radiology. Furthermore, this review also explores the significance of synthetic data in addressing privacy concerns and augmenting data diversity and quality within the medical domain, in addition to emphasizing the role of inversion in the investigation of generative models and outlining an approach to replicate this process. We provide an overview of Large Language Models, such as GPTs and bidirectional encoder representations (BERTs), that focus on prominent representatives and discuss recent initiatives involving language-vision models in radiology, including innovative large language and vision assistant for biomedicine (LLaVa-Med), to illustrate their practical application. This comprehensive review offers insights into the wide-ranging applications of generative AI models in clinical research and emphasizes their transformative potential.

완전이식 인공심장용 무선정보 전송장치의 개발 (Development of A Biotelemetry System for A Totally Implantable Artificial Heart)

  • 최원우;강동우;박성근;최재순;김희찬;민병구
    • 전자공학회논문지B
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    • 제33B권1호
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구에서는 체내에 이식되는 인공심장 및 제어시스템과 체외의 환자관리시스템간의 정보교환을 위한 무선 통신시스템(Biotelemetry System)을 개발하였다. 일반적으로 무선 telemetry라고 하면 전파 telemetry를 의미할 정도로 전파를 이용한 방식이 보편화되어 있으나, 늘어나는 전파무선기기에 의한 전파장해 및 간섭현상과 무엇보다 인체에 유해한 단점으로 의료용 장비에의 응용에는 부적합하다, 따라서 본 논문에서는 최근 빛을 이용한 무선telemetry에 대한 연구결과를 응용하여 피부투과성이 좋은 근적외광(Infra Red Light)을 이용한 광통신 방식으로 인공심장용 무선정보 전달장치를 구현하였다. 개발된 시스템의 성능은 인공 심장용 모의순환실험을 통해 평가되었으며 아울러 동물실험에서의 성능평가로 임상에의 응용가능성을 확인하였다.

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모델 랫드에 간 허혈/재관류로 유발된 손상에 대한 항산화제의 보호 효과에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Protective Effect of Antioxidants on Damage Induced by Liver Ischemia/Repefusion in a Rat Model)

  • 안용호;석푸름;오수진;최진우;신재호
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.370-378
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    • 2019
  • 허혈 재관류 손상은 기관 이식, 외과적 혈관 재개통 및 출혈시에 발생하며 조직 및 기관 기능 장애를 유발한다. 최근 허혈 재관류 손상의 기전적 연구를 위해 간장 허혈 모델을 많이 이용하고 있다. 본 연구는 허혈 재관류 랫드 모델을 이용하여 항산화와 항염증 효과를 가진 것으로 알려진 Vanillin에 의한 간장 및 신장 손상에 대한 보호 효과를 알아보고 관련된 기전을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험물질은 각각 100 mg/kg의 농도로 3일간 투여한 후, 60분동안 간을 결찰하여 허혈 재관류를 유도하여 관찰하였으며, 음성대조군, sham대조군 및 허혈재관류만 실시한 허혈 재관류대조군을 따로 두어, 약물투여군과 비교하였다. Vanillin 처치군에서는 AST, ALT 활성이 허혈 재관류대조군에 비해 유의하게 억제되었고, 조직병리학적 관찰에서도 염증 부분과 괴사부분이 현저하게 감소하였다. MDA와 SOD는 허혈 재관류군에 비해 유의적인 변화를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 Vanillin은 간장 허혈 재관류에 의한 세포염증 및 세포괴사를 완화시켜 간세포 보호작용을 나타내었고, 신장의 사구체 및 원위세뇨관에 염증 변화를 완화 시키고 있어 세포 손상을 방어하는 것으로 생각되며, 이러한 방어효과는 항산화 기능에 의한 영향으로 사료된다.

방사선치료 시뮬레이터의 비접속형관전압계 제작과 성능분석 (Fabrication of the Noninvasive Tube Voltage Meter of Radiotherapy Simulator and Its Performance Analysis)

  • 김종언;윤천실;김성현;박창희;차병열
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.201-206
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 방사선치료 시뮬레이터 장치에서 조사되는 X-선 빔의 강도로부터 관전압 측정과 관전압의 파형을 관찰 할 수 있는 비접속형 관전압계를 제작하였고, 그 성능을 분석하여 임상에 사용 가능성을 검토하였다. 관전압계의 검출부는 X-선 조사면(field)의 Y축 방향으로 ${\pm}1.4cm$ 지점에 두 개의 광다이오드를 배치하고 그 위에 두께가 다른 알루미늄여과체를 각각 놓아 구성하였다. 설정 피크 관전압에 대한 여과체의 두께 비에 비례하는 상대적인 출력 실효 전압비($r_{eff}$)를 측정하고, NERO 6000M 기준 관전압계로 설정 피크 관전압에 대한 실효 피크 관전압($kV_{p,eff}$)을 측정하여 자연 대수치를 구하였다. 관전압계의 교정을 위해 상대적인 출력 실효 전압 비($r_{eff}$)와 실효 피크 관전압 대수치($InkV_{p,eff}$)를 선형 회귀 분석하였다. 얻어진 선형 상관계수(r)는 0.996 이었다. 따라서 제작된 비접속형 관전압계는 충분한 정확도를 가지고 있어 임상에서의 사용이 가능하다고 생각된다.

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감각통합치료의 역사적 고찰 (Historical Review of Sensory Integration in Korea)

  • 김경미
    • 대한감각통합치료학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2003
  • The significant historical events and developments in the area of approach for sensory integration in Korean Society of Sensory Integration Therapists(KSSIT) are reviewed to stimulate future planning and clinical application in professional and health promotion. The paper reviewed the purposes of establishment, the role of members, progress of regular meetings and education for members and seminars in KSSIT. This review is placed within the context of the progressive period of KSSIT history, 1997-2003. Historical data are used as primary sources as records of events in KSSIT's homepage, official transcripts, professional articles, and secondary sources such as news letters for occupational therapists and oral information from first members. This review examined current actions and thinking, and suggests further actions and thinking for progressive professional education programs, research, clinical applications and public relations in sensory integration approach in KSSIT.

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Interleukin-32 in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases

  • Kim, Soohyun
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.123-127
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    • 2014
  • Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a cytokine inducing crucial inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}(TNF{\alpha})$ and IL-6 and its expression is elevated in various inflammatory autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, as well as viral infections. IL-32 gene was first cloned from activated T cells, however IL-32 expression was also found in other immune cells and non-immune cells. IL-32 gene was identified in most mammals except rodents. It is transcribed as multiple-spliced variants in the absence of a specific activity of each isoform. IL-32 has been studied mostly in clinical fields such as infection, autoimmune, cancer, vascular disease, and pulmonary diseases. It is difficult to investigate the precise role of IL-32 in vivo due to the absence of IL-32 gene in mouse. The lack of mouse IL-32 gene restricts in vivo studies and restrains further development of IL-32 research in clinical applications although IL-32 new cytokine getting a spotlight as an immune regulatory molecule processing important roles in autoimmune, infection, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the regulation and function of IL-32 in inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.

Artificial Intelligence in Gastric Cancer Imaging With Emphasis on Diagnostic Imaging and Body Morphometry

  • Kyung Won Kim;Jimi Huh ;Bushra Urooj ;Jeongjin Lee ;Jinseok Lee ;In-Seob Lee ;Hyesun Park ;Seongwon Na ;Yousun Ko
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.388-399
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    • 2023
  • Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern, coercing the need for advancements in imaging techniques for ensuring accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potent tool for gastric-cancer imaging, particularly for diagnostic imaging and body morphometry. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments and applications of AI in gastric cancer imaging. We investigated the role of AI imaging in gastric cancer diagnosis and staging, showcasing its potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of these crucial aspects of patient management. Additionally, we explored the application of AI body morphometry specifically for assessing the clinical impact of gastrectomy. This aspect of AI utilization holds significant promise for understanding postoperative changes and optimizing patient outcomes. Furthermore, we examine the current state of AI techniques for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. These prognostic models leverage AI algorithms to predict long-term survival outcomes and assist clinicians in making informed treatment decisions. However, the implementation of AI techniques for gastric cancer imaging has several limitations. As AI continues to evolve, we hope to witness the translation of cutting-edge technologies into routine clinical practice, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes in the fight against gastric cancer.

PET 리포터 유전자를 이용한 이행성 연구 (Translational Imaging with PET Reporter Gene Approaches)

  • 민정준
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.279-292
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    • 2006
  • Recent progress in the development of non-invasive imaging technologies continues to strengthen the role of biomedical research. These tools have been validated recently in variety of research models, and have born shown to provide continuous quantitative monitoring of the location(s), magnitude, and time-variation of gene delivery and/or expression. This article reviews the use of PET technologies as they have been used in imaging biological processes for molecular imaging applications. The studies published to date demonstrate that noninvasive imaging tools will help to accelerate pre-clinical model validation as well as allow for clinical monitoring of human diseases.

Integrated Power Optimization with Battery Friendly Algorithm in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

  • Mehmood, Tariq;Naeem, Nadeem;Parveen, Sajida
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제21권11호
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    • pp.338-344
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    • 2021
  • The recently continuous enhancement and development in the biomedical side for the betterment of human life. The Wireless Body Area Networks is a significant tool for the current researcher to design and transfer data with greater data rates among the sensors and sensor nodes for biomedical applications. The core area for research in WBANs is power efficiency, battery-driven devices for health and medical, the Charging limitation is a major and serious problem for the WBANs.this research work is proposed to find out the optimal solution for battery-friendly technology. In this research we have addressed the solution to increasing the battery lifetime with variable data transmission rates from medical equipment as Wireless Endoscopy Capsules, this device will analyze a patient's inner body gastrointestinal tract by capturing images and visualization at the workstation. The second major issue is that the Wireless Endoscopy Capsule based systems are currently not used for clinical applications due to their low data rate as well as low resolution and limited battery lifetime, in case of these devices are more enhanced in these cases it will be the best solution for the medical applications. The main objective of this research is to power optimization by reducing the power consumption of the battery in the Wireless Endoscopy Capsule to make it battery-friendly. To overcome the problem we have proposed the algorithm for "Battery Friendly Algorithm" and we have compared the different frame rates of buffer sizes for Transmissions. The proposed Battery Friendly Algorithm is to send the images on average frame rate instead of transmitting the images on maximum or minimum frame rates. The proposed algorithm extends the battery lifetime in comparison with the previous baseline proposed algorithm as well as increased the battery lifetime of the capsule.

Effects of the He-Ne IR Laser Irradiation and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on the Change of the Serum Biochemical Components in the Experimentally Induced Muscle Injured Rats

  • 김종순
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 2007
  • Low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation have been utilized in many clinical applications for the treatment of musculoskeletal lesion. This study was to investigate the effects of low power He-Ne IR laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the change of the serum biochemical components in experimentally induced muscle injured rats. The twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to the 4 groups: the normal group (n=5), the control group (n=5), the low power laser irradiation group (LLI) (n=5) and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (NMES) (n=5). The experimentally induced muscle injury was induced by the subcutaneous injection of a 0.1 ml Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind paw and calf muscles in control, LLI and NMES groups. The LLI group was irradiated with He-Ne IR laser for 5 minutes every day during 10 days. Also, the NMES group was electrically stimulated 15 minutes every day during 10 days. The normal and control groups were not received with any therapeutic intervention. The authors performed tests which were the concentration of the serum biochemical components to detect the effects of therapeutic interventions. The results were as follows: 1. The level of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. 2. The level of the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. 3. The level of the serum creatine kinase (CK) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. From the results, we could come to the conclusion that low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation could be accelerating healing processes of skeletal muscle injury and further clinical work will be required.

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