• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

In China, energy and environmental problems are becoming serious owing to rapid economic development. Coal is the most problematic energy source because it causes indoor and outdoor air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. One type of clean coal technology that has been developed is the coal-biomass briquette (or bio-briquette, BB) technique. BBs, which are produced from pulverized coal, biomass (typically, agricultural waste), and a sulfur fixation agent (slaked lime, $Ca(OH)_2$) under high pressure without any binder, have a high sulfur-fixation effect. In addition, BB combustion ash, that is, the waste material, can be used as a neutralization agent for acidic soil because of its high alkalinity, which originates from the added slaked lime. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of alternative biomass sources, namely, aquatic plants, as a BB constituent from the perspective of their use as a source of energy. We selected three types of aquatic plants for use in BB preparation and compared the fuel, handling, and environmental characteristics of the new BBs with those of conventional BBs. Our results showed that air-dried aquatic plants had a higher calorific value, which was in proportion to their carbon content, than agricultural waste biomass; the compressive strength of the new BBs, which depends on the lignin content of the biomass, was high enough to bear long-range intracontinental transport in China; and the new BBs had the same emission control capacity as the conventional BBs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.459-469
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• 2005

In recent years, concerns have been growing globally regarding greenhouse gases. Open burning of biomass causes emission of a number of greenhouse and other gases and substances. This paper studied an analysis on the characteristics of four types of biomass using duel type cone calorimeter. Cone calorimeter is widely used for assessing combustibility of materials in Europe. As a result, we evaluated several characteristics of biomass, such as heat released rate, smoke production rate, CO, $CO_2$ production and mass loss rate, and so on. $CO_2$ is currently responsible for over $60\%$ of the enhanced greenhouse effect, and may be the most important contributor to future. $CO_2$ production for biomass in the range of $1.74\~1.99kg/kg$ is similar to previous research conducted by Bhattacharya et al. (2002a).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.207-221
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• 2023

The increasing demand for clean energy requires considerable effort to find alternative energy sources, such as briquettes. This research aims to develop a charcoal briquette with added pine resin (API) that has excellent combustion speed and distinctive aroma. Briquettes are composed of charcoal, pine resin (concentration: 0%-30%), and starch (up to 7%). They are produced in several stages, including coconut shell pyrolysis in conventional combustion, to obtain charcoal for the briquette precursor. Briquette compaction is conducted by mixing and densifying the charcoal, pine resin, and starch using a hydraulic press for 3 min. The hydraulic press has a total surface area and diameter of 57.7 cm² and 3.5 cm, respectively. The briquettes are dried at different temperatures, reaching 70℃ for 24 h. The study results show that the briquettes have a thickness and diameter of up to 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively; moisture of 2.18%-2.62%; ash of 11.61%-13.98%; volatile matter of 27.15%-51.74%; and fixed carbon content of 40.24%-59.46%. The compressive strength of the briquettes is 186-540 kg/cm². Their calorific value is 5,338-6,120 kcal/kg, combusting at a high speed of 0.15-0.40 s. The methoxy naphthalene, phenol, benzopyrrole, and lauryl alcohol; ocimene, valencene, and cembrene are found in the API. The API briquette has several chemical compounds, such as musk ambrette, ocimene, sabinene, limonene, 1-(p-cumenyl) adamantane, butane, and propanal, which improve aroma, drug application, and fuel production. Accordingly, API briquettes have considerable potential as an alternative energy source and a health improvement product.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.9-10
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• 2014

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.12a
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• pp.97-98
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• 2015

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2017

Biomass gasification produces syngas or producer gas as low calorific fuel gas that can be used as a fuel for combustion or prime movers as well as chemical synthesis. Internal combustion engines are readily available with lower costs and easily used for producing distributed power using biomass syngas. In this study, a dual fuel diesel engine was used to evaluate its performance when biomass syngas is used for fuel. The engine was originally developed for biogas application with a diesel engine with a 2,607 cc displacement. Both diesel fuel and syngas consumptions were observed at the different load conditions. The results indicate that the dual fuel engine showed a reasonably good performance and up to 63 % of diesel fuel saving.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.201-204
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• 2012

Combustion characteristics of boiler fuels made of bio-oil and light-oil were experimentally investigated. Bio-oil was obtained by fast pyrolysis of woody biomass. Emulsion fuel made by mixing bio-oil (up to 30wt%) with light-oil and surfactant was completely burnt, resulting in the formation of combusted gas containing CO concentration less than 10ppm. Simple mixtures of bio-oil and light-oil with separate delivery lines also gave nice combustion characteristics.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.725-731
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• 2018

The effects of catalysts addition on the carbonization reaction of biomass have been studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The sample biomasses were Bamboo and Pine. The catalysts tested were K, Zn metal compounds. The carbonization reactions were tested in the nonisothermal condition from the room temperature to $850^{\circ}C$ at a heating rate $1{\sim}10^{\circ}C/min$ on the flowing of $N_2$ purge gases. Also, the effects of catalyst on the torrefaction were tested in the temperature condition of 220, 250, $280^{\circ}C$ at 30 min. Combustion characteristic for the torrefied catalyst biomass were studied in the nonisothermal conditions of $200{\sim}850^{\circ}C$. As the results, the initial decomposition temperatures of the volatile matters ($T_i$) and the temperature of maximum reaction rate ($T_{max}$) were decreased with increasing the catalyst amounts in the sample biomass. The char amounts remained after carbonization at $400^{\circ}C$ increased with the catalyst amounts. Therefore catalysts addition can be decreased the energy for carbonization process and improved the heating value of product char. The catalysts reduced the optimum torrefaction conditions from $250^{\circ}C$ to $220^{\circ}C$. The torrefied catalyst biomass have lower activated energy from 46.5~58.7 kJ/mol to 25.1~27.0 kJ/mol in the nonisothermal combustion reaction.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2021

Fresh PM_2.5 smokes emitted from combustion of four biomass materials (pellet, palm fruit fiber (PFF), PKS, and sawdust) in a laboratory-controlled environment were characterized using an attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technique. In smoke samples emitted from combustion of pellets, PFF and PKS, which is being used as boiler fuels for greenhouses in rural areas, the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratios in PM_2.5 were very high (14.0-35.5), whereas in sawdust smoke samples they were significantly low (<4.0) due to the combustion method close to flaming combustion. ATR-FTIR analysis showed that OH(3400-3250 cm^-1), CH₃(2958-2840 cm^-1), CH₂(2910 cm^-1 and 2850 cm^-1), ketone(1726-1697 cm^-1), C=C(1607-1606 cm^-1 and 1515-1514 cm^-1), lignin (1463-1462 cm^-1 and 1430-1428 cm^-1) and -NO₂(1360-1370 cm^-1) peaks were identified in all biomass burning (BB) smoke samples. However, additional peaks appeared depending on the type of biomass. Among the four types of biomass materials, an additional peak of the methylene group CH₃(2872-2870 cm^-1) appeared only in PFF and PKS smoke samples, and a peak of C=O(1685 cm^-1) was also confirmed. And in the case of PKS smoke samples, a peak of aromatic C=C(1593 cm^-1 and 1476 cm^-1) that did not appear in other BB samples was also observed. This indicates that the molecular structure of organic compounds emitted during BB differs depending on the type of biomass materials. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information to more specifically reveal the effect of BB on PM_2.5 collected in the atmospheric environment.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2013

In this study, oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was used as raw materials for making pellets. Hardwood sawdusts were also mixed with EFB and PKS for making pellets. For improving a bad forming behavior in a pelletizer, 1 to 3 per cent of corn starch based on oven-dried weight biomass was added. The starch contributed to the decrease of dust generation in addition to the improvement of forming capability during pellet forming. Heating values of every pellets made of EFB and PKS were higher than 4,300 kcal/kg for the first grade pellet, irrespective of addition of sawdusts. However, the pellets made of EFB and PKS had ash contents over 3 per cent, which made it impossible to be applied for home use. Instead, they could be applied for industrial use. For studying their combustion characteristics, the pellets from the mixtures of EFB, PKS and sawdusts were analyzed using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). From the TGA results, thermal decomposition of EFB and PKS occurred following three including endothermic reaction and dehydration, devolatilization of the major chemical components, and finally combustion of residual lignin and char.