• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.200-212
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• 1996

The clinical staging systems for oral squamous cell carcinoma is limited as a prognostic indicatior because of different biological characteristics of cancer in this region and variable microenvironment depending on subsites, there have been study to determine prognosis by evaluating malignancy, that is the nature of tumor cells. Many studies have been tried to determine prognostic indicator in various malignancies for the evaluation of differentiation capacity and the expression of oncogene product. EGF make a role in cellular growth and differentiation and to be essential in cellular survival. EGFR is an intergral membrane protein, stimulate cellular differentiation and hormonal secretion, and has structural homology with V-erb-B transforming protein. Recent reports have demonstrated that EGFR is overexpressed in stomach, breast, vagina, dermis, head and neck, genitourinary and lung tumors, and possibly used as a tumor marker. In head and neck region, most of studies were mainly carried out on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In the present study, immunohistochemical study for EGFR and C-erb-B2 gene in paraffin sections of 45 squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity was performed to evaluate the presense of EGFR and C- erb-B2 gene in this lesion, to evaluate them as a prognostic indicator by analysing the correlation between these expression and subsites, primary stages, clinical stages, pathologic grades, neck node metastasis, recurrences and treatment results, and to determine relation between EGFR and C-erb-B2 gene.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

Immune cells express toll-like receptors (TLRs) and respond to molecular patterns of various pathogens. CpG motif in bacterial DNA activates innate and acquired immune systems through binding to TLR9 of immune cells. Several studies reported that CpG can directly regulate B cell activation, differentiation, and Ig production. However, the role of CpG in B cell growth and Ig production is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of CpG on the kinetics of mouse B cell viability, proliferation, and Igs production. Overall, CpG enhanced mouse B cell growth and production of Igs in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike LPS, 100 nM CpG (high dose) did not support TGF-${\beta}1$-induced IgA and IgG2b production. Moreover, 100 nM CpG treatment abrogated either LPS-induced IgM or LPS/TGF-${\beta}1$-induced IgA and IgG2b production, although B cell growth was enhanced by CpG under the same culture conditions. We subsequently found that 10 nM CpG (low dose) is sufficient for B cell growth. Again, 10 nM CpG did not support TGF-${\beta}1$-induced IgA production but, interestingly enough, supported RA-induced IgA production. Further, 10 nM CpG, unlike 100 nM, neither abrogated the LPS/TGF-${\beta}1$- nor the LPS/RA-induced IgA production. Taken together, these results suggest that dose of CpG is critical in B cell growth and Igs production and the optimal dose of CpG cooperates with LPS in B cell activation and differentiation toward Igs production.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2009

살충제를 사용하지 않고 성페로몬을 활용한 대량포획기술만으로, 10,000 $m^2$ 규모의 대형 토마토 유리온실에서 단위면적 당 60원/$m^2$의 방제비용으로 담배거세미나방을 효과적으로 방제하는데 성공하였다. 대량포획을 위해 온실 내부에 500 $m^2$당 1개씩 성페로몬 트랩을 설치하고, 담배거세미나방 유입을 막기 위해 온실 외각에 20 m 간격으로 성페로몬 트랩을 설치하는 방법을 이용하여 담배거세미나방을 방제할 수 있었다. 시험기간 동안 트랩당 평균 400마리 이상의 담배거세미나방이 유살되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.435-449
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• 2010

Soils in the sloping uplands in Korea are subject to intensive land use with high input of agrochemicals and are vulnerable to soil erosion. Development of the environmentally sound land management strategy is essential for a sustainable production system in the sloping upland. This report addresses the status of upland agriculture and the best management practices for the uplands toward the sustainable agriculture. More than 60% of Korean lands are forest and only 21% are cultivating paddy and upland. Uplands are about 7% of the total lands and about 62% of the uplands are in the slopes higher than 7%. Due to the site-specificity of the upland, many managerial and environmental problems are occurring, such as severe erosion, shallow surface soils with rocky fragments, and loadings of non-point source (NPS) contaminants into the watershed. Based on the field trials, most of the sloping uplands were classified as Suitability Class III-V and the major limiting factor was slope and rock fragments. Due to this, soils were over-applied with N fertilizer, even though N rate was the recommendation. This resulted in decreases in yield, degradation of soil quality and increases in N loading to the leachate. Various case studies drew management practices toward sustainable production systems. The suggested BMP on the managerial, vegetative, and structural options were to practice buffer strips along the edges of fields and streams, winter cover crop, contour and mulching farming, detention weir, diversion drains, grassed waterway, and slope arrangement. With these options, conservation effects such as reductions in raindrop impact, flow velocity, runoff and sediment loss, and rill and gully erosion were observed. The proper management practice is a key element of the conservation of the soil and water in the sloping upland.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.399-404
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• 2005

본 논문은 생체시스템의 인공면역시스템을 이용한 Immunized PID 제어기를 구성하였으며, 상층부위에 제동시스템이 부착된 다층 건축물의 진동제어에 적용하였다. 인공면역시스템은 인체가 외부로부터 침투하는 바이러스, 병원균 등으로부터 보호하기 위하여 내부의 항체들이 이를 극복하기 위하여 행동하는 현상을 모델링한 것으로써 외란입력에 대한 적응성 및 강인한 응답특성을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서 설계된 제어시스템은 항만의 건축물에 능동제어기로 적용하였으며, 바람이나 지진과 같은 환경적 부하로 인해 발생되는 건축물의 응답변위를 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 나타내었다. 그리고, 기존의 진동제어에 널리 이용되는 제어기도 함께 적용하여 제안한 제어기 성능의 우수성을 입증하고자 함과 동시에 인공면역시스템을 응용한 제어기 설계에 대한 비젼도 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.380-387
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• 2004

Recently the geosynthetics reinforced retaining wall has been widely used instead of the steel reinforced retaining wall. The geosynthetics reinforced retaining wall is a very dangerous structure if the geosynthetics lose their strength about tension or if it lose their pullout resistence, but it was known that the geosynthetics reinforced wall had a great resistence and was a very safe structure against a earthquake or a dynamic load. It can be said that most important factors in the stability of the geosynthetics reinforced wall are the horizontal length of reinforcement and the vertical distance between two reinforcements. That is to say, as the length of reinforcement is longer, the structure is more stable and as the vertical distance between two reinforcements is shorter, it is more stable. In this study, in order to get the critical condition with a safety rate of 1, various kinds of model tests about geosynthetics reinforced wall has been performed. Photos by B-shutter method has been taken during tests and from photos, which show us the failure state, the critical condition about failure has been conformed. Accordingly the equation, which says the limit of stability in geosynthetics reinforced wall., has been proposed.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 1996

간세포를 in vitro에서 효율적으로 장기간 배양 및 증식을 유도하여 이용하는 기술을 수립하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 일차배양한 쥐 간세포에 중요한 세포외 기질(ECM)인 collagen이 간세포의 장기배양시 생존능과 기능유지에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 간세포를 in vitrovo에서 40여일 간의 장기간 배양시에 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 단층 배양(single gel)법과 in vivo 상태의 세포 극성에 유사한 환경을 제공하는 복층 배양(sandwich gel)법으로 배양한 경우에 미치는 영향을 서로 비교하여 보았다. 이를 위해서 간세포의 생존 상태를 비교하였요며 나아가 간세포의 특성인 알부민, 파이브로넥틴, 피브리노겐 등의 단백질 생산 빛 분비기능 측정 그리고 요소 생산능과 암모니아 제거능 등을 비교하였다. 복층 배양법이 단층 배양법보다 알부민, 파이브로넥틴, 피브 리노겐 등의 분비기능을 훨씬 효율적으로 유지시키는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며 또한 요소 생산능과 암모니아 제거능도 훨씬 더 효율적으로 장기간 유지시 킬 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로써 in vitro에서 간세포의 기능을 효율척으로 유지시키기 위해서 간세포 배양시 3차원적 공간을 유지시키는 것이 중 요한 요인 중의 하나임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2015

The increase in the need for a 24 hour monitoring of biological signals has been accompanied by an increasing interest in wearable systems that can register ECG at any time and place. ECG-monitoring clothing is a wearable system that records heart function continuously, but there have been difficulties in making accurate measurements due to motion artifacts. Although various factors may cause noise in measurements due to motion, the variations in the body surface and clothing during movements that cause eventual the shifting and displacement of the electrodes is particularly noteworthy. Therefore, this study used biomedical body mapping and a motion-capture system to measure and analyze the changes in the body surface and garment during movements. It was deduced that the area where the friction and separation between the garment and skin is the lowest would be the appropriate location to place the ECG electrodes. For this study, 5 male and 5 female in their 20s were selected as subjects, and through their selected body movements, the changes in the garment and skin were analyzed using the motion-capture system. As a result, the area below the chest circumference and the area below the shoulder blades were proposed as the optimal location of electrode for ECG monitoring.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2016

Due to undesirable hazardous interactions with biological systems, this investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to silver on certain biochemical and some oxidative stress parameters with histopathological examination of brain, as well as the possible protective role of selenium and/or vitamin E as nutritional supplements. Thirty six male rats were divided into six groups of six each: the first group used as a control group. Group II given both vitamin E (400 mg/kg) of diet and selenium (Se) (1 mg/L) in their drinking water. Group III given silver as silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) (20 mg/L). Group IV given vitamin E and $AgNO_3$. Group V given both $AgNO_3$ and selenium. Group VI given $AgNO_3$, vitamin E and Se. The animals were in the same exposure conditions for 3 months. According to the results which have been obtained; there was an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase activities and cholesterol level, a decrease in serum total protein, calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in Ag-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the findings showed that $Ag^+$ ions affected antioxidant defense system by decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increasing vitamin E concentration with a high level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue. The histological examination also exhibited some nervous tissue alterations including hemorrhage and cytoplasm vacuolization. However, the co-administration of selenium and/or vitamin E ameliorated the biochemical parameters and restored the histological alterations. In conclusion, this study indicated that silver could cause harmful effects in animal body and these effects can be more toxic in high concentrations or prolonged time exposure to this metal. However, selenium and vitamin E act as powerful antioxidants which may exercise adverse effect against the toxicity of this metal.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

A new macroscopic riverine red algal species, Lemanea manipurensis sp. nov. (Batrachospermales) is described from Manipur in northeast India. It has a sparsely branched, pseudoparenchymatous thallus with a single, central axial filament that lacks cortical filaments. Spermatangia occur generally in isolated, low and indistinct patches or form an almost continuous ring around the axis. Carposporophytes project into the hollow thallus cavity without an ostiole. The most striking morphological feature is the carposporophyte with very short gonimoblast filaments having cylindrical, narrow and sparsely branched sterile filaments, the terminal cell of each branch with a single, large, elongate carpospore. The widely distributed L. fluviatilis has spherical carpospores in long branched chains. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequence data and comparison with other Batrachospermales clearly show that our specimens do not align with other species of Lemanea and Paralemanea investigated thus far. Five specific names attributed in previous literature (1973-2014) to Lemanea from Manipur, L. australis, L. catenata, L. fluviatilis, L. mamillosa, and L. torulosa are rejected until critical anatomical and molecular evidence is available for specimens from the Manipur river systems. Taxa referable to Paralemanea were not confirmed for India in this study. In view of the high demand for food and medical uses of L. manipurensis in northeast India, conservation measures are needed for its long term survival. The present paper constitutes the first combined morphological / molecular study on a freshwater red alga from India.