• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

Seed morphology in the subtribe Agrimoniinae (Rosaceae) was examined using scanning electron microscopy to identify distinct characters and evaluate their evolution in a phylogenetic framework for five genera in the subtribe: Agrimonia L., Aremonia Neck. ex Nestl., Hagenia J.F. Gmel., Leucosidea Eckl. & Zeyh., and Spenceria Trimen. All genera have one or two mature achenes in a fruiting hypanthium. In the seed coats, the cell shape, size, wall features, and sculpturing vary across genera. Of most significance is the presence of papillae structures in both Agrimonia and Aremonia. Through the mapping of papillae features onto phylogenetic trees, either one or two changes in seed coats are hypothesized. The phylogenetic tree inferred from four nuclear and six chloroplast regions of sequence data suggests that at least two steps of papillae sculpturing on seed coats are required. On the other hand, in the phylogenetic tree of a low-copy nuclear gene, one independent evolutionary step is postulated to explain the current character states. In the latter hypothesis, the seed coat sculpturing also supports a monophyletic relationship for cosmopolitan Agrimonia and European endemic Aremonia. The seed coat sculpturing provides valuable information for inferring phylogenetic relationships at the generic level in the subtribe Agrimoniinae.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Ulmus davidiana supercritical fluid residue EtOH extracts(USCFR) and ethyl acetate solvent fraction (USCFREA) of supercritical extraction foil were investigated in order to examine the recycling of supercritical extraction foil in the process of studying Ulmus davidiana branch supercritical extract. Experiments were performed for the determination of total phenol content. The $IC_{50}$ value(ppm) of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity was $7.42{\pm}0.09$, $7.50{\pm}0.05$, $22.94{\pm}0.09$, $6.43{\pm}0.10$, and USCFREA, respectively, as compared with the positive control (vitamin C) with values $17.80{\pm}0.14$ and $5.34{\pm}0.06$, respectively. The antioxidative activities of USCFR and USCFREA were confirmed to be superior to the positive control group. In anti-allergic activity studies, both USCFR and USCFREA showed concentration-dependentanti-allergic activity, and USCFREA showed strong anti-allergic activity even at very low concentrations. Thetotal phenolic contents (ugEG, ugGA; ppm) of USCFR were $134.17{\pm}0.13$, $132.02{\pm}0.24$ and USCFREA were $154.77{\pm}1.05$ and $153.18{\pm}1.10$, respectively. Based on the above results and strong antioxidant activity, USCFR and USCFREA hold the potential to be considered as basic research materials for the development of therapeutic supplements based medicines or functional cosmetics related to chronic inflammatory skin immunity diseases.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

According to recent trends in technological advances and globalization, medical device industry may improve the constitution to meet worldwide medical equipment management system. Also it is holding a strand of mitigation to reach the level of international regulation. In addition, recent legislation tends are to stay limited ranges of industry regulations at least and take as open attitude for integration of new technologies combined medical devices. A greater environmental risk is not likely to work in medical technology, Combinded medical device is used as close to zero risk in most of the human body, which is classified as Class 1. Even medical device such as little or no risk in handling, it is possible to minimize the unnecessary administrative power and a waste of time to occur. For the medical device may be improving people's choices and access, medical equipment operator is expanding to include dealers, because this will be exalted to particular area of the business of the company. In this paper, we investigate the legal prerequisites for the establishment of a medical device. And propose improved regulations in topics in order to facilitate the repair and distribution markets for fair trade.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

This study was aimed for development of a useful genes that has a transcript expressional specificity in the early embryonic stage of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We constructed and analyzed a full-length cDNA library from silkworm's eggs which after a lapse of 2 ~ 6 hours post oviposit. A total 960 clones were randomly selected, and the 5' ends of the inserts were sequenced to generate 652 expressed sequence tags(EST). 334 unique ESTs were generated after the assembly of 652 ESTs. The annotation of 334 unique ESTs by BLAST search revealed that 156(47%) of the sequences represented known genes, whereas 178(53%) of the sequences has no matches in the database. Of the 156 known genes, the most abundant genes were heat shock protein hsp20.8 gene(12 times) and ubiqutin-like protein gene(11 times). The functional groups of these ESTs with matches in the database were constructed according to their putative molecular functions. Among thirteen functional categories, the largest groups were protein synthesis(9.6%) and cellular organization( 8.1%). Further defined studies on molecular functions and biological roles of their promoters will give us wellfined information and its application.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted to evaluate the taxonomic relationships of genus Arisaema L. distributed in Korea and the molecular phylogenetic characteristics of three authentic Arisaema species for the herbal medicine Arisaematis Rhizoma (the rhizomes of A. amurense, A. heterophyllum, and A. erubescens). The sequences of three DNA barcodes (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed using 50 samples of nine taxa consisted of eight Korean and one Chinese Arisaema with one outgroup (Dracunculus vulgaris). Both individual and combined phylogenetic analyses of three DNA barcode sequences revealed that the treated nine taxa are independently classified into six distinct clades (Clade I, A. amurense f. amurense and A. amurense f. serratum; Clade II, A. serratum and A. takesimense; Clade III, A. ringens; Clade IV, A. erubescens; Clade V, A. heterophyllum; Clade VI, A. thunbergii subsp. thunbergii and A. thunbergii subsp. geomundoense). These six clades were reasonably divided into three individual sections, Pedatisecta, Sinarisaema, and Tortuosa. Futhermore, the results of comparative DNA barcode sequences analyses provided a significant information for the taxonomic reconsideration of Arisaema L. at the specific and intraspecific level. However, we could not confirm the taxonomic characteristics or identity among the three authentic medicinal species through the molecular phylogenetic analyses of genus Arisaema L. for Arisaematis Rhizoma.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-116
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to describe mother -infant interacting behavior patterns related to newborn infant feeding and to explore the mother's cultural belief about their infant. The data collection was conducted by observation and interview. Twenty-five mothers and their newborn infants who were normally delivered and were also planned to breast feed were comprised as the subjects of this study. All subjects were interviewed and observed individuaily at 1 to 5 days after the delivery at the hospital, mid -wife's clinic, Maternal Child Health Center and their home throughout the country from remote area to big city, The observation data were recorded with symbolic letter on a recording sheet newly developed as a result of preliminary study. The interview data were taperecorded and then recorded in narrative form. Mother - infant interaction behaviors in early feeding period were analyzed based on 19 analytic sub-categories and their composing elements. Unit of analysis were mother, infant and mother -infant dyad. 8 analytic categories draw from the data. Each were preparation, instrument, interaction inducing, evaluation referred to mother's behavior, preparation, instrument, interaction inducing referred to infant's behavior and synchronic behaviors referred to mother - infant dyad. Frequencies of behavior items based on the categories were converted to percent. The result showed that in mother's preparation behavior, the breast condition of Korean mother can be an affecting factor for mother - infant interaction during feeding, and vocalization behavior was observed most frequently in interaction inducing behavior while the least frequent behavior observed was contacting. Subcultural characteristics of mother - infant interaction behaviors were analyzed for their relationships between groups of mothers who have lived in remote area vs urban area, and who were multipara vs primipara. Using a chi -square test, there were statistically significant relationships in the activity of psychological readiness in preparation behavior and the movement of extremities for the position of instrumental behavior in both groups. However, interaction inducing behaviors were not related with statistical significance in any set of groups. Accomplishment of marriage, bonding and emotional mediation of family members were the categories related to mother's cultural belief about the infant in aspect of functional values. Infant at birth is considered little more than a biological organism without social capabilities. Although the newborn infant is still be attached to his mother, he makes his mother extend her territoriality. The mother's interacting behavior toward her infant based on those beliefs appeared task oriented, separative behavioral series. On the other hand, it was seen that infant reacted independently to his mother's behavior by the in-nate perceptual abilities. Those independent behavioral series of mother and infant on the feeding situation were synchronized at any moment. Nurses are In a unique position to teach mothers about their infant's capabilities and help reducing some of uncertainty about infant's behaviors. Study results indicated that the informations infant's social capabilities and breast feeding should be given to the mothers. The results of this study have several implications for nursing. First, the study results will be used as fundamental resources for the development of the assessment tool about the early mother - infant interaction. Second, the results could be a relevant information in the fied. I of maternal child nursing education as real and useful data. Third, the behavioral patterns of early mother - infant interaction which were classified based on the qualitative analysis could be used for nursing theory development as very fundamental data.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

The nitrogen phosphotransferase (PTS) system is a regulatory cascade present in most Proteobacteria, where it controls different functions. The nitrogen PTS is usually composed of $EI^{Ntr}$ (encoded by the ptsP gene), NPr (encoded by the ptsO gene), and $EIIA^{Ntr}$ (encoded by the ptsN gene). While $EIIA^{Ntr}$ plays a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as potassium homeostasis, regulation of ppGpp accumulation, nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, and regulation of ABC transporters, little information is available for a physiological role of NPr. A recent study showed that dephosphorylated NPr affects adaptation to envelope stresses in Escherichia coli. In this study, we provide another phenotype related to NPr. The ptsP mutant showed a filamentation phenotype. The filamentation phenotype of the ptsP mutant was recovered by additional deletion of the ptsO gene, but not by additional deletion of the ptsN gene, suggesting that an increased level of dephosphorylated NPr in the ptsP mutant renders cells the filamentous growth. This idea was confirmed by the fact that cells with increased levels of dephosphorylated NPr shows the filamentation phenotype. Additionally, we showed that cell size of E. coli increases with incremental dephosphorylated NPr concentrations. These results suggested that dephosphorylated NPr induces morphological change of E. coli.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.815-833
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• 2016

This study investigated children's (grade 3 to 9) responses to assessment items on energy as a cross-cutting concept in order to get basic information for a learning progression. The assessment consisted of 8 ordered multiple-choice items at the contexts of electric circuit, mechanical energy of falling objects, phase change of matter, dissolution, biological phenomena of a lizard, food chain, radiative equilibrium between Sun and Earth, and the system of water cycling. Children's responses to each item were analyzed with using cross-tabulations in terms of grades and item option levels and Wright map and Differential item functioning based on Rasch modeled item response analysis. The results offered empirical evidence of children's development of understanding energy from relation between energy and its phenomena, types of energy, transfer and conversion of energy, towards conservation and equilibrium of energy for all of eight contexts. Children of each grade did not fully understand energy conservation. As grade goes up, their understandings of energy transfer and conversion were differentiated across the contexts and topics of energy. According to Rasch analysis, children had easier understanding of energy on dissolution and poorer understanding of energy on water cycling than that on other contexts. It was discussed and suggested that the results of this study help us organize science topics with regard to energy when developing new national science curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

The comparative analysis on physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste from dwelling site and landfill site were performed to provide the fundamental information of waste management in Chungju city. It was analysed and evaluated the bulk density, physical component, three major component, chemical component, and heating value of MSW. The physical components depended on the sampling site in dwelling site and landfill site. But, by the ultimate analysis, the chemical composition was almost similar to result for municipal solid waste from dwelling site and landfill site. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the physical components according to sampling site for the MBT to introduce for combustible municipal solid waste pre-treatment, but it needs the chemical composition from landfill site to design the incinerator. The physical composition showed that the combustible and the noncombustible occupied 87.4% and 12.6% respectively. In case of three component analysis, the moisture, the combustible, and the ash were 27.6, 60.5, 11.9% respectively. The chemical composition through the element analysis were C (50.1%), H (6%), O (39.5%), N (1.9%), S (0.5%), and Cl (1.3%).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.9A no.3
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• pp.387-398
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• 2002

As whole genome sequences of many organisms have been revealed by small-scale genome projects, the intensive research on individual genes and their functions has been performed. However on-memory algorithms are inefficient to analysis of whole genome sequences, since the size of individual whole genome is from several million base pairs to hundreds billion base pairs. In order to effectively manipulate the huge sequence data, it is necessary to use the indexed data structure for external memory. In this paper, we introduce a workbench system for analysis and visualization of whole genome sequence using string B-tree that is suitable for analysis of huge data. This system consists of two parts : analysis query part and visualization part. Query system supports various transactions such as sequence search, k-occurrence, and k-mer analysis. Visualization system helps biological scientist to easily understand whole structure and specificity by many kinds of visualization such as whole genome sequence, annotation, CGR (Chaos Game Representation), k-mer, and RWP (Random Walk Plot). One can find the relations among organisms, predict the genes in a genome, and research on the function of junk DNA using our workbench.