• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Asia, various medicinal plants have been used as the primary sources in the health care regimen for thousands of years. In recent decades, various studies have investigated the biological activity and potential medicinal value of the medicinal plants. In this study, 100 methanol extracts from 98 plant species were evaluated for their biological activities. MATERIALS/METHODS: The research properties, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-pic-rylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-tyrosinase inhibitory effects, anti-inflammatory activity, and anticancer activity were evaluated for the selected extracts. RESULTS: Fifteen of the extracts scavenged more than 90% of the DPPH radical. Among the extracts, approximately 20 extracts showed a strong inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, while most had no effect on ${\alpha}$-tyrosinase. In addition, 52% of the extracts showed low toxicity to normal cells, and parts of the extracts exhibited high anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities on the murine macrophage cell (RAW 264.7) and human colon cancer cell (HT-29) lines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may contribute to further nutrition and pharmacological studies. Detailed investigations of the outstanding samples are currently underway.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2002

Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and biological estimation of water quality by the benthic macroinvertebrates from the Mt. Myungji(1267m), Mt. Kalbong(840m), Mt. Daegeum(704m) and Mt. Jubal(489m) region of Gapyung-gun, Kyunggi-do were investigated from April to November, 2001. Total taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates were 105 species, 38 families, 13 orders, 5 classes in 4 phyla. Aquatic insects were 33 species in ephemeroptera, 5 species in odonata, 13 species in plecoptera, 2 species in hemiptera, 1 species in megaloptera, 27 species in trichoptera, 3 species in coleoptera and 13 species in diptera, respectively. Non-insects were 1 species in platyhelminthes, 5 species in gastropoda, 1 species in oligochaeta, 1 species in crustacea, respectively. Ephemeroptera, trichoptera and plecoptera as indicators in clean water were very abundantly. Occurrence species at each survey area was 67 species at Mt. Myungji and 69 species at Mt. Kalbong, 48 species at Mt. Daege.um and 47 species at Mt. Jubal, respectively. Mean species diversity indices at Mt. Myungji, Mt. Kalbong, Mt. Daegeum and Mt. Jubal were 3.30, 3.33, 2.59 and 3.43, respectively. According to the saprobic system based on the species diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrates, Mt. Myungji, Mt. Kalbong and Mt. Jubal are determined as Limnosaprobic area, respectively, but Mt. Daegeum is determined as $\beta$-mesosaprobic area.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 1993

Ammonia accumulation is regarded as the limiting factor of the first priority in water qualities of aquatic culture systems. Nitrification efficiency and characteristics in seawater were evaluated using Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) process as a part of the recycling water treatment facilities for marine fish culture system. Ammonia removal efficiency regarded 99.7 to $83.7\%$ at the ammonia surface loading rates of 48 to $393 mg/m^2$ -day. RBC process was able to withstand to the fluctuation of influent ammonia concentrations and loading and produced the stable effluent. The mathematical model on the fixed-film biological reactor developed by Kornegay seemed to be suitable to RBC process kinetic evaluation for the recycling water treatment of the marine fish culture system. Area capacity constant (P) and half-velocity constant (Ks) in the model were 0.188g/m^2$-day and 1.25mg/l, respectively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2008

$TiO_2$ photocatalyst has been known to exhibit a notable disinfecting activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. A lot of commercial $TiO_2$ photocatalyst products have been developed for antimicrobial purposes. However, a standard method has not yet been proposed for use in testing antimicrobial activity. In this study, we developed a $TiO_2$ photocatalytic adhesion test method with film as the standard testing method for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity. This method was devised by modifying the previous antimicrobial products test method, which has been widely used, and considering the characteristics of $TiO_2$ photocatalytic reaction. The apparatus for testing the antimicrobial activity was composed of a Black Light Blue (BLB) lamp as UV-A light source, a Petri dish as the cover material, and a polypropylene film as the adhesion film. The standard $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sample, Degussa P25 $TiO_2$ - coated glass, could only be used once. The optimal initial concentration of the microorganism, proper light intensity, and light irradiation time were determined to be $10^6$ CFU/mL, 1.0 mW/$cm^2$, and 3 hr, respectively, for testing and evaluating antimicrobial activity on the $TiO_2$ surface.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2019

In search of an effective biological control agent against the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, rhizospheric soil samples were collected from eight agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh. Among the bacteria isolated from soil, 24 isolates were randomly selected and evaluated for their antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The two promising antagonistic isolates were identified as Brevundimonas olei and Bacillus methylotrophicus based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. These two isolates were evaluated for their biocontrol activity and growth promotion of two tomato cultivars (cv. Pusa Rubi and Ratan) for two consecutive years. Treatment of Pusa Rubi and Ratan seeds with B. olei prior to inoculation of pathogen caused 44.99% and 41.91% disease inhibition respectively compared to the untreated but pathogen-inoculated control plants. However, treatment of Pusa Rubi and Ratan seeds with B. methylotrophicus caused 24.99% and 39.20% disease inhibition respectively. Furthermore, both the isolates enhanced the growth of tomato plants. The study revealed that these indigenous bacterial isolates can be used as an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium wilt of tomato.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to biological treatment of high salinity wastewater using Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS). In laboratory scale's experiments research was performed using a sequencing batch reactor, and evaluation of the denitrification reaction in accordance with the injection condition of salinity concentration, surface properties of microorganisms, and sludge precipitability was performed. The results showed that the salinity concentration increased up to 1.5%, and there was no significant difference in the nitrogen removal efficiency; however, it showed a tendency to decrease gradually from 2.0% onward. The specific denitrification rate (SDNR) was 0.052 - 0.134 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/mg$ MLVSS (mixed liquor volatile suspended solid)${\cdot}day$. The MLVSS/MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solid) ratio decreased to 76.2%, and sludge volume index ($SVI_{30}$) was finally lowered to 57 mL/g. Using an optical microscope, it was also observed that the initial size of the sludge was 0.2 mm, and finally it was formed to 0.8-1.0 mm. Therefore, salinity injection provides favorable conditions for the formation of an AGS, and it was possible to maintain stable granular sludge during long-term operation of the biological treatment system.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.646-653
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• 2011

The combined system of sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) and membrane SBR (MSBR) was operated with sewage to evaluate the COD utilization for biological nutrient removal (BNR). The SBBR was operated for nitrification reactor, while denitrifying PAO (dPAO) was cultivated in MSBR with anaerobic-anoxic operation. In the SBBR and MSBR system, the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was successfully achieved with higher N removal. The COD utilization in combined SBBR-MSBR system was significantly reduced compared to ordinary BNR (up to 3.1 g SCOD/g (N+P) and 1.6 g SCOD/g (N+P) with different C/N/P ratio). The results suggest that a dPAO process could effectively reduce carbon energy (=COD) requirement. The combination of oxic-SBBR and anaerobic-anoxic MSBR for dPAO utilization could be an attractive alternative to upgrade the process performance in weak sewage.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2023

Objectives Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults, damaging the brain and resulting in impaired memory, thinking, and behavior. The identification of differentially expressed genes and related pathways among affected brain regions can provide more information on the mechanisms of AD. The aim of our study was to identify differentially expressed genes associated with AD and combined biomarkers among them to improve AD risk prediction accuracy. Methods Machine learning methods were used to compare the performance of the identified combined biomarkers. In this study, three publicly available gene expression datasets from the hippocampal brain region were used. Results We detected 31 significant common genes from two different microarray datasets using the limma package. Some of them belonged to 11 biological pathways. Combined biomarkers were identified in two microarray datasets and were evaluated in a different dataset. The performance of the predictive models using the combined biomarkers was superior to those of models using a single gene. When two genes were combined, the most predictive gene set in the evaluation dataset was ATR and PRKCB when linear discriminant analysis was applied. Conclusions Combined biomarkers showed good performance in predicting the risk of AD. The constructed predictive nomogram using combined biomarkers could easily be used by clinicians to identify high-risk individuals so that more efficient trials could be designed to reduce the incidence of AD.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2023

본 연구는 담수 환경에서 분리한 곰팡이의 특성을 알아보기 위해 효소 활성을 평가하였다. 40개의 곰팡이들은 다양한 담수 시료로부터 분리되었으며, 계통분석을 통해 동정하였다. 실험에 사용된 균주들은 최근에 국내에 보고되었거나, 아직 보고되지 않은 종으로서 이에 대한 특성 정보가 거의 알려지지 않았다. 본연구에서는 40개 균주를 대상으로 protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, laccase, chitinase의 효소에 대해서 활성을 검정하였다. 대부분의 균주가 laccase 활성을 보였으며, protease, amylase 순으로 높게 나타났다. 담수 환경에서의 효소 활성 정보는 이들의 생태적 역할을 이해하고 산업적으로 활용하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2010

Lophatheri Herba is the aerial part of Lophatherum gracile Bronghiart(淡竹葉, Gramineae). 25~75 cm in length. Stem: cylindrical with nodes, empty inside, externally pale yellowish green. Leaf: dehiscent of lanceolate lamina, shrunken and rolled, 5~20 cm long, 10~35 mm wide; surface: pale green ~ yellowish green, parallel-formed with veins of square reticulate, more distinct of appearance on the lower surface. Banbusae Caulis In Taeniam is the stringy strip derived from the stem with the peeled-off epidermis of Phllostachys nigra Munro var. henosis Stapf, and Phllostachys bambusoides Siebold et Zuccarini(竹葉, Gramineae). Irregular in size and shape, thin plane ~ strip-shaped, sometimes powdery, sometimes 1~3 mm thick. Outer surface: pale green ~ yellowish green, sometimes grayish white L. gracile and P. nigra have different origins although they show similar morphologic features. We were able to distinguish between L. gracile and P. nigra which are almost indistinguishable through this study. AFLP(Amplifide Fragment Length Polymorphism) was more suitable for identifying differences between L. gracile and P. nigra in comparison with other genetic analysis using chemical analysis. Therefore. molecular biological methods are believed to be useful for discovering origins of herbal medicines.