• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2000

The development of molecular biology has brought many changes in psychiatry. Molecular biology makes us possible to know the cause of mental disorders that provide the way to prevent the disorders, and to develop various accurate diagnostic and treatment methods for mental disorders. The author discusses the concept, cause, and treatment of mental disorders in the aspect of molecular biology. Importing the methods of molecular biology into psychiatry, we can anticipate to get a number of the goals of psychiatric genetics, including identification of specific susceptibility genes, clarification of the pathophysiological processes whereby these genes lead to symptoms, establishment of epigenetic factors that interact with these genes to produce disease, validation of nosological boundaries that more closely reflect the actions of these genes, and development of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions based on genetic counseling, gene therapy, and modification of permissive or protective environmental influences. In addition to their capacity to accelerate the discovery of new molecules participating in the nervous system's response to disease or to self-administered drugs, molecular biological strategies can also be used to determine how critical a particular gene product may be in mediating a cellular event with behavioral importance. Molecular biology probably enables us discover the environmental factors of mental disorders and allow rational drug design and gene therapies for mental disorders, by isolation of gene products that facilitate a basic understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders. A specific genetic linkage may suggest a novel class of drugs that has not yet been tried. With respect to gene therapy, the hypothetical method would use a gene delivery system, most likely a modified virus, to insert a functional copy of a mutant gene into those brain cells that require the gene for normal function.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 2009

It has been considered that fishing areas for shrimp beam trawl have been in ruin because Korean local governments have permitted trawling into the areas limited by the fisheries local regulations from 1994. Physical and biological effects of the trawling were investigated in the study. Physical effects were investigated by optical methods such as trawling tracking by side scan sonar and comparing the gear both before and after trawling. Biological aspects were investigated by grab sampling of benthic animals, concentration of trace metals in sediment and a flux evaluation of ${NH_4}^+,\;{PO_4}^-,\;and\;SiO_2$ by coring. The fishing activity had physical impacts on the seabed but these recovered naturally in less than fourty days naturally, which increased the benthic biodiversity, increases the trace metal concentration of and nutrient flux into the seawater, especially phosphate and silicate. This method and these results can help in further studies looking for disturbances by fishing.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 2009

Proteins interact with each other within a cell, and those interactions give rise to the biological function and dynamical behavior of cellular systems. Generally, the protein interactions are temporal, spatial, or condition dependent in a specific cell, where only a small part of interactions usually take place under certain conditions. Recently, although a large amount of protein interaction data have been collected by high-throughput technologies, the interactions are recorded or summarized under various or different conditions and therefore cannot be directly used to identify signaling pathways or active networks, which are believed to work in specific cells under specific conditions. However, protein interactions activated under specific conditions may give hints to the biological process underlying corresponding phenotypes. In particular, responsive functional modules consist of protein interactions activated under specific conditions can provide insight into the mechanism underlying biological systems, e.g. protein interaction subnetworks found for certain diseases rather than normal conditions may help to discover potential biomarkers. From computational viewpoint, identifying responsive functional modules can be formulated as an optimization problem. Therefore, efficient computational methods for extracting responsive functional modules are strongly demanded due to the NP-hard nature of such a combinatorial problem. In this review, we first report recent advances in development of computational methods for extracting responsive functional modules or active pathways from protein interaction network and microarray data. Then from computational aspect, we discuss remaining obstacles and perspectives for this attractive and challenging topic in the area of systems biology.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2021

Microtubules (MTs) are the main part of the cytoskeleton in living eukaryotic cells. In this article, a mechanical model of MT buckling, considering the modified strain gradient theory, is analytically examined. The MT is assumed as a cylindrical beam and a new single variable trigonometric beam theory is developed in conjunction with a modified strain gradient model. The main benefit of the present formulation is shown in its new kinematic where we found only one unknown as the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, which is even less than the Timoshenko beam model. The governing equations are deduced by considering virtual work principle. The effectiveness of the present method is checked by comparing the obtained results with those reported by other higher shear deformation beam theory involving a higher number of unknowns. It is shown that microstructure-dependent response is more important when material length scale parameters are closer to the outer diameter of MTs. Also, it can be confirmed that influences of shear deformation become more considerable for smaller shear modulus and aspect ratios.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.355-366
• /
• 2023

Biological corrosion, a crucial aspect of metal degradation, has received limited attention despite its significance. It involves the deterioration of metals due to corrosion processes influenced by living organisms, including bacteria. Soil represents a substantial threat to pipeline corrosion as it contains chemical and microbial factors that cause severe damage to water, oil, and gas transmission projects. To combat fouling and corrosion, corrosion inhibitors are commonly used; however, their production often involves expensive and hazardous chemicals. Consequently, researchers are exploring natural and eco-friendly alternatives, specifically nano-sized products, as potent corrosion inhibitors. This study aims to environmentally synthesize silver nanoparticles using an extract from Lagoecia cuminoides L and evaluate their effectiveness in preventing biological corrosion of buried pipes in soil. The optimal experimental conditions were determined as follows: a volume of 4 ml for the extract, a volume of 4 ml for silver nitrate (AgNO3), pH 9, a duration of 60 minutes, and a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. Analysis using transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 28 nm, while X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited suitable peak intensities. By employing the Scherer equation, the average particle size was estimated to be around 30 nm. Furthermore, antibacterial studies revealed the potent antibacterial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. This property effectively mitigates the biological corrosion caused by bacteria in steel pipes buried in soil.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.108-117
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 하천수계의 하천환경 관리를 위해 적용되고 있는 생물학적 평가체계를 법제도적 기준과 실행계획 측면에서 검토 분석하여 문제점을 도출하기 위하여 수행되었다. 하천법과 하천사업의 계획 설계과정의 관련 지침, 수질 및 수 생태계 보전법과 수 생태계 건강성 평가 기준을 중점적으로 비교 검토하였다. 무엇보다 하천환경평가 관련 법제도적 근거가 미흡하고 관련 기준과 지침이 구체적이지 못하여 하천환경 관리의 실효성이 확보되지 못하고 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 국토교통부와 환경부로 이원화된 하천수계 관리체계를 반영하듯 생물 분야의 평가항목과 기준이 수자원 관리와의 통합적 수준에 이르지 못한 채 두 부서의 사업추진 과정에서 단편적으로 고려되고 있었다. 특히 생물 중심의 평가항목과 기준은 물리구조적 서식환경 또는 수질과 연관된 수생생물에 국한되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 대다수 생물에 대한 정밀 조사를 필요로 하는 환경영향평가의 과정으로 고려되는 수준이었다. 결론적으로 하천수계를 대표할 수 있고 비교적 변동성이 적은 식생, 어류, 조류 등 고등생물을 지표화한 신속하면서도 공간 정보화된 정량적 평가기법이 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2013

The introduction of osseointegrated dental implants in dentistry brought about a new era in everyday dental practice. For the past 50 years, prosthetic restoration with implant-supported prosthesis has developed into a viable and predictable treatment option. Alongside the increasing use of dental implants is the occurrence of many complications during implant placement (surgery), in the mechanical or prosthetic problem, and in the biological aspect. In particular, abutment or screw fracture as one of the mechanical complications can put the dentist in a tight spot in a clinical situation. It is hard to remove the fractured abutment and screw to restore it properly. Therefore, it is very important that clinicians consider possible complications in advance and make an appropriate treatment plan. We discuss cases of abutment fracture and mechanical/prosthetic complications together with the causes and solutions.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제20권A호
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2000

This study was implemented to find an optimal model for wastewater treatment processes using PHOENICS(Parabolic, hyperbolic or Elliptic Numerical Integration Code Series) and ASM(Activated Sludge Model). PHOENICS is a general software based upon the laws of physics and chemistry which govern the motion of fluids, the stresses and strains in solids, heat flow, diffusion, and chemical reaction. The wastewater flow and removal efficiency of particle in two phase system of a grit chamber in wastewater treatment plant were analyzed to inquire the predictive aspect of the operational model. ASM was developed for a biokinetic model based upon material balance in complex activated sludge systems, which can demonstrate dynamic and spatial behavior of biological treatment system. This model was applied to aeration tank and settling chamber in Choonchun city, and the modeling result shows dynamic transport in aeration tank. PHOENCS and ASM could be contributed for the optimal operation of wastewater treatment plant.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we present the diagnosis system for swallowing disorder. There are some types of diagnosis device for swallowing disorder, for example, the video fluoroscopy, the nuclear medicine inspection, the endoscopy, EMG and motion analysis. But these systems need heavy devices or have dangerous nuclear exposure, so are uncomfortable for handicapped person. Our system has advantages of simplicity, accuracy and quantitative analysis. In addition to the diagnosis aspect, this system can be used to biofeedback treatment.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 1988

This thesis investigates the Quantitative aspect of epidemic phenomena utilizing the analytical method of discrete time systeMs based on the theory of Markov processes. In particular, the pattern on the epidemic character of turberculosis controlled by prophylaxis and BCG vaccinatioll was analyzed by the markovian model of tuberculosis system which is derived according to the ecologic relationship between nine epidemiologic states of individuals. The quantitative aspects of the model were characterized by digital computer simulations.