• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to find the effect of the mixture of the nonionic surfactant and bioactive agent that solubilizes trichlorobenzene (TCB) present as a contaminant for surfactant-enhanced soil flushing (SESF). Three different nonionic surfactants and two different bioactive agents were obtained from four companies. Separate funnel experiments and shaker table agitation / centrifugation experiments were used for the test. Based on the separate funnel experimental results, three suitable mixture agents (APG + OSE, Brij 35 + MOSE, T-Maz 60 + MOSE) were selected. In the shaker table agitation / centrifugation experiments, these three different mixture agents were reduced to one (T-Maz 60 +MOSE). The maximum removal (95%) of TCB was obtained using a mixture of the nonionic surfactant and bioactive agent. Therefore, the used test methods and results can be used for SESF.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2022

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious threat to the global healthcare system. Ineffective and resistance to antibiotic treatments have increased morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. New and effective antibiotics are needed to combat against bacterial resistance. Endophytic fungi are crucial reservoirs of novel bioactive metabolites. In particular, the secondary metabolites show promising therapeutic potential, notably, antibacterial. This review discussed the emerging potential of endophytic fungi as anti-MRSA agents. The ecological sources of endophytic fungi were discussed with the synthesis of bioactive metabolites. The mode of antibacterial actions was elucidated to give a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. This review may serve as an important reference for future discovery and developments of anti-MRSA agents from endophytic fungi.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2009

The use of bioactive materials derived from microorganisms and plants has played a role in pest management in environmentally-friendly agriculture (EFA) system. In Korea, a number of agricultural agents for the control of insect pests have been registered officially as biopesticides and marketed widely. However, most of the biopesticides has a limitation in the resource availability of bioactive materials, which has been one of main problems related to the commercialization of agricultural agents. Plant materials and microbial metabolites are the best sources as starting components to commercialize natural-occurring agricultural agents for pest management. The lack of modernized system for the standardization and quality control of the starting materials, however, has also received as a main problem related to the commercialization of agricultural agents. Considered that EFA business has kept growing bigger and bigger with global economic status, the commercialization of agricultural agents is necessary to meet the required number of agricultural agents officially available in EFA. This study describes the status and future prospects of pest control agents in EFA. A number of main issues hindered in the commercialization of agricultural agents are discussed in order to present a promising approach to successful commercialization.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of orthodontic bonding agents containing silver- or zinc-doped bioactive glass (BAG) and determine the antibacterial and remineralization effects of these agents. Methods: BAG was synthesized using the alkali-mediated solgel method. Orthodontic bonding agents containing BAG were prepared by mixing BAG with flowable resin. $Transbond^{TM}$ XT (TXT) and $Charmfil^{TM}$ Flow (CF) were used as controls. Ion release, cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, the shear bond strength, and the adhesive remnant index were evaluated. To assess the remineralization properties of BAG, micro-computed tomography was performed after pH cycling. Results: The BAG-containing bonding agents showed no noticeable cytotoxicity and suppressed bacterial growth. When these bonding agents were used, demineralization after pH cycling began approximately 200 to $300{\mu}m$ away from the bracket. On the other hand, when CF and TXT were used, all surfaces that were not covered by the adhesive were demineralized after pH cycling. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that orthodontic bonding agents containing silver- or zinc-doped BAG have stronger antibacterial and remineralization effects compared with conventional orthodontic adhesives; thus, they are suitable for use in orthodontic practice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1039-1040
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• 2000

The water-soluble poly(methoxyethoxy-aminoarlyoxy phosphazene) has been synthesized and investigated as a polymeric carrier molecule for the covalent attachment of bioactive agents. The synthetic procedures were developed first through the use of cyclic trimeric model systems. These model systems were utilized for the synthesis of polymeric analogues containing bioactive side groups. The sodium salts of 2-methoxyethanol and 4-acetamidophenol were allowed to react with $(NPCl_2)_3$ or $(NPCl_2)n$ or to yield derivatives of type $[NP-(OCl_2CH_2CH_2OCH_3){\chi}(OArNHCOCH_3)y]_3or$ n. The 4-acetamido groups were then hydrolyzed to 4-amino-phenoxy units with potassium tert-butoxide. Coupling reactions between amino group and N-acetylglycine was accomplished with the use of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Their properties and structural characterization are discussed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2023

Marine bioactive substances (MBS), such as phlorotannins, collagens, peptides, sterols, and polysaccharides, are increasing attention as therapeutic agents for several diseases due to their pharmacological effects. Previous studies have demonstrated the biological activities of MBS including antibacterial, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities. Among numerous human diseases, periodontitis is one of the high-prevalence inflammatory diseases in the world. To treat periodontitis, several surgeries (bone grafting, flap surgery, and soft tissue graft) are usually used. However, the surgery for patients with chronic periodontitis induces several side effects, including additional inflammatory responses at the operated site, chronic wound healing, and secondary surgery. Therefore, this review assessed the most recent trends in MBS using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science search engines to develop marine-derived therapeutic agents for periodontitis. Further, we summarized the current applications and therapeutic potential of MBS to serve as a reference for developing novel technologies applied to MBS against periodontitis treatment.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.370-381
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• 2018

Bioactive natural compounds, isolated from fungal endophytes, play a promising role in the search for novel drugs. They are an inspiring source for researchers due to their enormous structural diversity and complexity. During the present study fungal endophytes were isolated from a well-known medicinal shrub, Berberis aristata DC. and were explored for their antagonistic and antioxidant potential. B. aristata, an important medicinal shrub with remarkable pharmacological properties, is native to Northern Himalayan region. A total of 131 endophytic fungal isolates belonging to eighteen species and nine genera were obtained from three hundred and thirty surface sterilized segments of different tissues of B. aristata. The isolated fungi were classified on the basis of morphological and molecular analysis. Diversity and species richness was found to be higher in leaf tissues as compared to root and stem. Antibacterial activity demonstrated that the crude ethyl acetate extract of 80% isolates exhibited significant results against one or more bacterial pathogens. Ethyl acetate extract of Alternaria macrospora was found to have potential antibacterial activity. Significant antioxidant activity was also found in crude ethyl acetate extracts of Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus flavus. Similarly, antagonistic activity of the fungal endophytes revealed that all antagonists possessed inhibition potential against more than one fungal pathogen. This study is an important step towards tapping endophytic fungal diversity for bioactive metabolites which could be a step forward towards development of novel therapeutic agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2008

Initial screening assay for depigmenting agents includes in vitro mushroom tyrosinase assay and antioxidant assay. Based on this screening result, melanin synthesis in melanocyte, in screened samples, is further measured. Measuring cellular melanin needs time, human resource, and skills. Therefore initial screening method should be reliable. We examined, 34 Chinese herbs, correlated the screening assay methods with cellular melanin. No reliable relationship was observed between factors, indicating the limitation in the use of these assays, probably due to the complexicity of melanogenesis.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2019

Milk contains essential nutrients and functional compounds, such as calcium, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, carotenoids, bioactive peptides, and sphingolipids. The bioactive molecules from milk are not expensive and have an added advantage of being derived from food. Therefore, they are more stable and have a broader spectrum than that of other chemicals. Bioactive milk components are useful for treating non-digestive tract disorders, such as cancer, cognitive decline, and hypertension. However, the clinical application of certain breast milk ingredients is limited due to the lack of a large-scale production technology. Once the scaled-up production of lactoferrin became possible, clinical applications were devised and evaluated. Similarly, human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) can be produced on a large scale as a recombinant protein in microorganisms or in transgenic cattle using suitable separation systems. HAMLET can be used to treat human skin papilloma and cancer. Studies on breast milk that explored the clinical applications of the bioactive components of breast milk have spurred the development of translational medicine and breast milk-derived therapeutics. Some breast-milk derived therapeutic agents are already available to clinicians. Many components of breast milk have shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies and have valid clinical evaluations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.781-785
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• 2002

A series of pyrazoloxyphenyl benzoyl urea derivatives was designed and synthesized for cytotoxic evaluation as potential antitumor agents. The synthetic compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines, including A-549, SKOV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF-498 and HCT-15. Among others, compound 11 exhibited 50∼100 times greater antitumor activities than the commercial product, Cisplatin.