• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of Celastrus orbiculatus (CO). CO was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated with n-hexane (COMH), butanol (COMB), methanol (COMM) or aqueous (COMA) to get active fractions. The antioxidative activity of fractions from CO was investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of CO against DPPH radical, peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) and reactive oxygen speicies (ROS). Among the various solvent fractions, the COMB showed a marked scavenging effect against DPPH radical, peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) and reactive oxygen species(ROS). The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disk method. Among the various solvent fractions, the COMM and COMB fractions of CO showed strong antimicrobial activities. The results suggest that The CO may be suitable for development as a food preservative and alternative antioxidant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.509-515
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The root of Vitis amurensis Ruprecht, a sort of wild-growing grape, has been used in oriental medicine for treatment of skin ailments; however, its dermatological activity is not sufficiently understood. The aim of this study was to investigate tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-melanogenic activities of V. amurensis Ruprecht root methanol extract (VARM) in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and to attempt to isolate and identify the active compound issued from VARM. MATERIALS/METHODS: Anti-melanogenic activity of VARM was analyzed in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells through evaluation of antioxidative activity as well as inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin contents compared with those of kojic acid and arbutin. After anti-melanogenic analysis of VARM, serial fractionation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thin layer chromatorgraphy (TLC) were applied for identification of active compounds contained in VARM. RESULTS: VARM significantly inhibited oxidative stress and tyrosinase activity and attenuated ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanin production in B16F10 cells. For isolation of active compounds, VARM was fractionated using a series of organic solvents, including dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). Among fractions showing anti-melanogenic activity, the CH2Cl2 fraction induced the most potent attenuation of melanogenesis without cytotoxicity and the major compound in the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction was identified as betulinic acid. Betulinic acid isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction of VARM significantly attenuated ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanogenesis in a dose dependent manner, which was stronger than that of arbutin used as a positive control. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that VARM inhibits oxidative stress, tyrosinase activity, and ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells, due primarily to the active compound, betulinic acid, in the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 1996

Transesterification of used frying oil was investigated to produce the bio-diesel oil. Experimental conditions included molar ratio of used frying oil to alcohol (1:3, 1:5 and 1:7), concentration of catalyst (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%), ippe of catalyst(sodium melhoxide, NaOH and KOH), reaction temperature (30, 45 and $60^{\circ}C$), and types of alcohol(methanol, ethanol and butanol). The conversion of used frying oil increased with the alcohol mixing ratio and with the reaction temperature. The effect of the type of catalysts on conversion was not significant. The highest conversion was obtained when methanol was used as alcohol. Viscosity was a little higher with the ester product over grade #2 diesel oil. But the physical properties improved significantly with transesterification, resulting in similar fuel properties with those obtained for grade #2 diesel fuel.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2011

The leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides were extracted with methanol and then further fractioned with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water in order to investigate biological activity. Two flavonol glycosides were isolated and identified from ethyl acetate soluble fraction, which showed the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}$ = 4.33 ${\mu}g/ml$). Isolated two compounds have shown strong free radical scavenging activity. Especially, quercetin 3-O-glucoside ($RC_{50}$ = 2.60 ${\mu}g/ml$) was more active than ${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($RC_{50}$ = 4.67 ${\mu}g/ml$). Total phenol and flavonoid contents were the highest to 4.17 and 1.14 mg/ml in the ethyl acetate soluble fraction. In addition, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was shown to the strongest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$ = 137.88 ${\mu}g/ml$) among the fractions. The results suggest that leaves of H. rhamnoides could be a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.4 s.85
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• pp.309-315
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• 2005

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor materials are major sources of air pollution in Ulsan city, where much chemical plants are located. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new reactor which can remove VOCs and odor materials effectively and be equipped at the end of pipe easily. A modified reactor (bioscrubber trickling filter, BSTF), which have both characteristics of biofilter and bioscrubber, was developed and tested on its reactivity with several VOCs using two types of media, fiber and activated carbon 4- ceramic(A/C). It was observed that the removal efficiencies of several types of VOCs such as acetaldehyde, ethylalcohol, butanol, diethylamine and triethylamine were up to $95\%$ when they had about 100 ppm of initial concentration and 80 seconds of residence time. Good attachment of microorganisms to both media, where it is thought the reaction efficiency can be determined according to the amount of microorganisms attachment, observed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Initial pressure drops of the packed bed with both media were 229 $mmH_2O/m$ at A/C column and 670 $mmH_2O/m$, respectively. However, maximum pressure drop of fiber column during the operation was over 1,647 $mmH_2O/m$. Therefore, it was thought that the fiber material would not suitable to use in the local plant as a packed bed media.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 2015

To establish the anti-diabetic(α-glucosidase inhibitory) activity of D. lotus leaf extract, isolate and identify the constituents responsible for the activity. The methanolic extract of leaves was partitioned between water, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Bio-assay guided fractionation, based on inhibition of ;${\alpha}$-glucosidase, allowed isolation and identification of the active components. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry(LC/MS), ¹ H-NMR and ¹³ C-NMR spectra analyses demonstrated that the active compound was myricetin-3-O-;${\alpha}$-L-rhamnoside(1). Compound 1 demonstrated a strong inhibition on the α-glucosidase, in vitro and ;${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory value was calculated as 98.08%, when that of a reference drug, acarbose was estimated as 83.03%. The present study indicates compound 1 could be considered as an ;${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor and developed as an important antidiabetes agent for type II diabetes therapy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2020

Background: Research on hot water extracts of medicinal plants that are easily applicable in the clinical setting is essential. To confirm the anti-inflammatory-related active compounds present in the hot water extract of Eriobotrya japonica leaves, ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production was measured and active compounds isolated from the extract were analyzed. Methods and Results: Sovent fractionation by solvent was performed to identify the active compounds present in the hot water extract, and the ability of the extract and the fractions obtained to inhibit NO production was measured. Subsequently, based on the results of liquid chromatography (LC) profile analysis of the n-butanol fraction that had a relatively high inhibitory ability of NO production, six subfractions were separated around the main peak. Among the separated subfractions spectra from mass spectroscopy (MS) were analyzed and standard comparisons were performed on the compounds of the three main peaks on the chromatogram. NO production inhibitory activity of subfraction 2 identified as neochlorogenic acid was the highest with an IC₅₀ of 18.49 ㎍/㎖ followed by that of subfraction 5 identified as cryptochlorogenic acid with IC₅₀ of 25.82 ㎍/㎖. Conclusions: Our result, it was confirmed that several caffeoylquinic acids, including neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid present in the hot water extract of E. japonica leaves have an important role as compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.141-143
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• 2017

Caballeronia sordidicola strain PAMC 26577 was isolated from Cladonia sp., a lichen collected from Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Draft genomic sequences of PAMC 26577 were determined using Illumina and 182 contigs were submitted to GenBank and N50 value was 159,226. The genome of PAMC 26577 was comprised of 8,334,211 base pairs and %G+C content was 59.4. The genome included 8 ribosomal RNA genes and 51 tRNA genes as non-coding sequences. Protein-coding genes were 8,065 in number and they included central metabolism genes as well as butanol/butyrate biosynthesis, polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism, serine cycle methylotrophy genes, and glycogen metabolism. Membrane transporters were more than two-hundreds in number, but sugar phosphotransferase system and TRAP transporters were lacking. PAMC 26577 lacked CRISPR-associated sequences and proteins. No transposable elements were observed and there were only limited number of phage remnant regions with 11 phage-related genes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

Objectives : Agrimoniae Herba is a herbal medicine widely distributed in Asia and contains flavonoids including catechin, quercitrin, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin. This study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant activity and skin barrier function of different solvent fractions (Hexane; methylene chloride, MC; ethyl acetate, EA; n-butanol, Bu; Water) obtained from Agrimoniae Herba. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity of different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba was investigated through total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity measurements. Then, filament aggregating protein (Filaggrin), Type I collagen, ceramide synthase (CERS) 3, and CERS4 were analyzed to evaluate the skin barrier strengthening effect of different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba on UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells. Results : As a result of measuring total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity was found to be excellent in the order of EA > Bu > MC > Hexane > Water. As a result of measuring mRNA gene expression of Type I collagen, Filaggrin, CERS3, and CERS4 after UVB-stimulated was applied to HaCaT cells treated with different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba, it was found to increase significantly in the Bu-treated group. Conclusion : Our findings show that the Bu sample obtained from Agrimoniae Herba has excellent anti-oxidant ability, which increases Type I collagen, Filaggrin, and ceramide synthetase in UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells to control the skin barrier improvement effect.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.975-984
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• 2018

Fast pyrolysis bio-oil has unfavorable properties that restrict its use in many applications. Among the main issues are high acidity, instability, and water and oxygen content, which give rise to corrosiveness, polymerization during storage, and a low heating value. Esterification and azeotropic water removal can improve all of these properties. A 500 g of Quercus mongollica which grounded 0.8~1.4 mm was processed into bio-oil via fast pyrolysis for 2 seconds at $550^{\circ}C$. The esterification consists of treating pyrolysis oil with a high boiling alcohol like n-butanol at $70^{\circ}C$ under reduced pressure (100 hPa). All products are analyzed for water mass fraction, viscosity, higher heating value, pH, FT-IR and GC/MS. The water mass fraction can be reduced by 91.4 % (from 31.5 % to below 2.7 %), the viscosity by 65.8 % (from 36.5 to 12.5 cP) and the higher heating value can be increased by 96.8 % (from 3,918 to 7,712 kcal/kg), the pH by 1.3 (from 2.7 to 4.0). FT-IR and GC/MS analysis indicated that labile acids, aldehydes, ketones and lower alcohols were transformed to stable target products. Using this approach, the water content of the pyrolysis oil is reduced significantly. These improvements should allow the utilization of upgraded pyrolysis liquids in standard boilers and as fuel in CHP (Combined heat and power) plants.