• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.309-313
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• 2007

In Activated Sludge Model, COD fraction of primary settled municipal wastewater was a very important parameter. In this study, the COD fraction was determined using the oxygen utilization rate experiments. Readily biodegradable COD ($S_S$) fraction was observed about 29.7% of influent TCOD. $S_I$, $X_I$, and $X_S$ were analyzed to be 7.6%, 7.3%, and 55.4% of TCOD, respectively. The model used in this study was developed based on ASM3 and modified Bio-P module in order to simulate the existing BNR process. Parameter estimation results showed that $Y_{STO,O2}$, $Y_{STO,NO}$, $Y_{H,O2}$, $Y_{H,NO}$, $Y_{PO4}$, ${\mu}_H$, $b_H$, ${\mu}_A$, $q_{PHA}$, $q_{PP}$ and ${\mu}_{PAO}$ were 0.7, 0.64, 0.61, 0.48, 0.31, 3.9, 0.1, 1.35, 4.98, 1.8 and 0.59, respectively. Using the presented model and the estimated parameters, the simulation of the existing BNR process was successfully conducted.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.458-463
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• 2005

Considering the characteristics of a filtration bio-reactor equipped with a mesh filter module which can effectively maintain high concentration of biomass and enhanced solid-liquid separation performance, the hybrid process of filtration bio-reactor combined with coagulation was investigated to get improved filtration characteristics as well as water quality in this work. Two bio-reactors (Run-1 & Run-2) were operated under the following conditions: working volume of 25 L, continuous loading of a synthetic wastewater (BOD: 200 mg/L, T-N: 50 mg/L, T-P: 5 mg/L), where an appropriate amount of alum ($Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}18H_2O$) was added once a day into the reactor (Run-2). In the system without using a alum (Run-1), the clogging of mesh filter module was observed two times through 85 days of whole operation. Meanwhile, the filter module did not clog even at higher MLSS concentration (6,000~12,000 mg/L) and the stable filtration (0.7 mid) was continued in the case of using a alum. Due to the stable formation of cake layers, BOD and SS were shown below 6 and 3 mg/L, respectively. T-P and pH of the effluent were changed because of the intermittent addition of the alum. In the case of Al/P=2.5, the average T-P removal efficiency per day was 85.2% and the average T-P concentration of the effluent was 0.3 mg/L. However, the removal efficiency of phosphate was influenced by pH in the reactor.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.367-370
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• 2007

Numerous sets of simulation were conducted in order to find out the optimum operational conditions of the existing BNR process using GPS-X program. The model of ASM3 and modified Bio-P module were applied for simulations. From the result of this study, effluent quality was closely related with the step feeding rate and influent C/N ratio. The effluent TN concentration seemed to be significantly affected by step feeding rate at the low C/N condition. But at the high C/N condition, the effluent concentration of TP rather than that of TN was affected by the control of step feeding rate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.797-804
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• 2009

Recently, To provide various service for user, there are some trends to construct health care system using bio-sensors and wireless network technologies. Accordingly, An effective middleware is needed to manage and control the various bio-sensors. Also, it is important to extend network and interoperate the various application system in healthcare service. In this paper, we propose to be connected with network based on UPnP by design and implementation of UPnP-ZigBee bridge. The proposed UPnP-ZigBee bridge manage and control ZigBee sensor module effectively. we implemented and tested ECG, PPG, and environment sensor module based on ZigBee wireless network to apply in health care service.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.82-85
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• 2006

The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) will be loaded in Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS). To efficiently apply the GOCI data in the variety of fields, it is essential to develop the standard algorithm for estimating the concentration of ocean environmental components (, , and ). For developing the empirical algorithm, about 300 water samples and in situ measurements were collected from sea water around the Korean peninsula from 1998 to 2006. Two kinds of chlorophyll algorithms are developed by using statistical regression and fluorescence technique considering the bio-optical properties in Case-II waters. The single band algorithm for is derived by relationship between Rrs (555) and in situ concentration. The CDOM is estimated by absorption coefficient and ratio of Rrs(412)/Rrs(555). These standard algorithms will be programmed as a module of GOCI Data Processing System (GDPS) until 2008.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2014

In membrane bio-reactor (MBR), the aeration control is one of the important independent variables to decrease fouling and to save energy with shear stress change on the membrane surface. The paper was carried out for numerical simulation of 3-dimensional fluid flow phenomena of the cylindrical bioreactor with submerged flat membranes equipped in the center and supplied the air from the bottom by using the COMSOL program. The viscosity and temperature of solution were assumed to be constant, and the specific air demand based on permeate volume ($SAD_p$) defined as scouring air per permeate rates was used as a variable. The calculated CFD velocities were compared with those of the velocity meter measurement and video image analysis, respectively. The results were good agreement each other within 11% error. For fluid flow in the reactor the liquid velocity increased rapidly between the air diffuser and membrane module, but the velocity decreased during flowing of the membrane module. Also, the velocity increased as it was near from the reactor wall to the central axis. The calculated shear stress on the membrane surface showed the highest value at the center part of the module bottom side and increased as aeration rate increased. Especially, the wall shear stress increased dramatically as the aeration rate increased from 0.15 to 0.25 L/min.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.724-729
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• 2013

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) occurs concurrently in the same reactor under micro dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. Anaerobic zone was applied for phosphorus release prior to an aerated membrane bio-reactor (MBR), and anoxic zone was installed by placing a baffle in the MBR for enhancing denitrification even in high DO concentration in the MBR. Phosphorus removal was tested by alum coagulation in the anaerobic reactor preceding to MBR. DO concentration were 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.75 mg/L in the MBR at different operating stages for finding optimum DO concentration in MBR for nitrogen removal by SND. pH was maintained at 7.0~8.0 without addition of alkaline solution even with alum addition due to high alkalinity in the raw sewage. Both TCODcr and $NH_4^+$-N removal efficiency were over 90% at all DO concentration. TN removal efficiencies were 50, 51, 54, 66% at DO concentration of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.75 mg/L, respectively. At DO concentration of 0.75 mg/L with addition of alum, TN removal efficiency decreased to 54%. TP removal efficiency increased from 29% to 95% by adding alum to anaerobic reactor. The period of chemical backwashing of the membrane module increased from 15~20 days to 40~50 days after addition of alum.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.121-140
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• 2020

Anaerobic fungi habitat in the gastrointestinal tract of foregut fermenters or hindgut fermenters and degrade fibrous plant biomass through the hydrolysis reactions with a wide variety of cellulolytic enzymes and physical penetration through fiber matrix with their rhizoids. To date, seventeen genera have been described in family Neocallimasticaceae, class Neocallimastigomycetes, phylum Neocallimastigomycota and one genus has been described in phylum Neocallimastigomycota. In National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database (DB), 23,830 nucleotide sequences and 59,512 protein sequences have been deposited and most of them were originated from Piromyces, Neocallimastix and Anaeromyces. Most of protein sequences (44,025) were acquired with PacBio next generation sequencing system. The whole genome sequences of Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae, Pecoramyces ruminantium, Piromyces finnis and Piromyces sp. E2 are available in Joint Genome Institute (JGI) database. According to the results of protein prediction, average Isoelectric points (pIs) were ranged from 5.88 (Anaeromyces) to 6.57 (Piromyces) and average molecular weights were ranged from 38.7 kDa (Orpinomyces) to 56.6 kDa (Piromyces). In Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZY) database, glycoside hydrolases (36), carbohydrate binding module (11), carbohydrate esterases (8), glycosyltransferase (5) and polysaccharide lyases (3) from anaerobic fungi were registered. During four decades, 1,031 research articles about anaerobic fungi were published and 444 and 719 articles were available in PubMed (PM) and PubMed Central (PMC) DB.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2010

This study is conducted about the system that reduces organism after fermenting food waste from a food waste disposal equipment, divides gas made when food waste is fermented into gas and water, and then sends gas to a reactor again, condenses water, and apply it to the MBR system with submerged MF hollow fiber membranes. A submerged MF hollow fiber membrane module was installed to a food waste disposal equipment and a water treatment system made by Bio Hitech Co,. Ltd. to process food waste generated from a staff cafeteria in a H institute for 90 days. For initial seeding of a food waste disposal equipment, 305 kg of rice bran, chaff, and sawdust as well as 1,648 kg of food were input during the operation, and 1,600 L of condensed wastewater occurred. Fermented by-product after finishing running a food waste disposal equipment was 386 kg and its reduction was shown to be 80%. The organism was processed by applying submerged MF hollow fiber membrane module to the MBR system of condensed wastewater, and the result shows reduction rates were BOD 99.9%, COD 97.5%, SS 98.6%, T-N 54.6% and T-P 34.7% and the total colon bacillus was perfectly eliminated.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

As we are turnning into the aged society, accidents by falling down are increasing in the aged people's group. In this paper, we design the system with the 3-Axis acceleration sensor which is composed by a single chip. The body activity signal is measured with the signal detector and RF communicator in this proposed system and the and falling by the entering signal pattern analysis with 3-Axis acceleration sensor. For the RF communication, we are using nRF24L01p and 8bits ATmega uC for the processor. The error of energy expenditure estimation between motor driven treadmill and proposed a body activity module was 7.8% respectively. Human activities and falling is monitored according to analyze and judge the critical value of the Signal Vector. as falled down if they don't turn off the alarm after specific period and the aged person's after falling down activities are their position and more.