• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2007

Hepatitis B is a serious public health problem leading to chronic infection and liver cancer. Quantitation of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) is important for monitoring disease progression and for assessing the response to antiviral therapy. In this study, by using Real-Time PCR and novel Micro-PCR assay method, we measured HBV concentration in the clinical sample. A total of 120 serum samples from patients with HBV infection collected was in Dankook university hospital to compare the detection limit, sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the two assay methods. These findings of this study suggest that Micro-PCR and Real-Time PCR assay methods are comparable to each other in there detection limit, sensitivity, and reproducibility for HBV DNA quantitation. However, Micro-PCR assay is more efficient than Real-Time PCR method, because Real-Time PCR is not so time - consuming, technically easy and need to reagent of a small quantity. It will be useful for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis of HBV in many countries.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2006

Considering the development of fusion ingredients rom red ginseng and Cheonggukjang (soybean-fermented food), their commercial powders were evaluated in their Hunter's colors, volatile compounds, and sensory properties depending on manufacturing companies and mixing ratio of both powdered products. Hunters L, a and b values of red ginseng powders were $75.56\sim85.50,\;1.90\sim6.30,\;and\;23.29\sim35.08$, respectively, while those of Cheonggukjang powders were $64.96\sim71.69,\;4.64\sim8.30,\;and\;30.45\sim36.50$, respectively. Volatile compounds were mainly composed of hexanal, $\beta-pinene$, methyl benzene, 3,5-methyl propyl nonane, 2-propanone, decane, and 2,8-dimethyl undecane in red ginseng samples, and of 2,3-butanedione, decane, 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl octane, and 3-methyl butanal in Cheonggukjang samples. Total volatiles of the mixed samples decreased as ginseng decreased and Cheonggukjang increased. The mixed sample of both red ginseng and cheonggukjang in same amounts was the highest in its sensory acceptability, which was composed in the order of 2-propanone, 2-butanone, pentane, hexanal and 3-methyl butanal. The above results indicate that red ginseng and Cheonggukjang showed a potential as fusion ingredient for preparing new functional produce through further processing.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study, the anti-stress effects of ethanolic extract of Opuntiaficus-indica (OF70E) were investigated. Methods : To determine the effects of OF70E on physical stress, changes in whole-body cortisol level or behavior were monitored in zebrafish. After treatment with 0.9% saline or OF70E for 6 min, all fish underwent net handling stress (NHS), which induced physical stress. And then, we conducted open field test (OFT) or sacrificed fish for collecting body fluid from whole-body. We used the cortisol enzyme-linked immunoassay kit to measure the amount of cortisol in each zebrafish sample. Results : In result, compared with normal group which were not treated by NHS, whole-body cortisol levels were significantly increased in stressed-control group. Compared with control group, pretreatment with OF70E at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L for 6min significantly inhibited the increase of whole-body cortisol levels induced by NHS(p<0.05). To anti-stress effects of OF70E on behavior, we conducted OFT after the induction of NHS following pretreatment of OF70E. As results of OFT, compared with unstressed-normal group, distance moved was significantly decreased by induction of NHS in stressed-control group (p<0.05). OF70E-pretreatment blocked decreases of distance moved increased by NHS (p<0.05). And meandering movement, immobility and turn angle were significantly increased by NHS in stressed-control group compared with unstressed-normal group (p<0.05). OF70E-pretreatment prevented the increases of meandering movement immobility and turn angle by NHS (p<0.05). Conclusions : In conclusion these results suggest that OF70E-pretreatment may prevent stress responses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2005

Physiological activities of pileus and stipe extracts from fresh Pleurotus eryngii were examined. Electron donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effect, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, total polyphenol contents and nitrite scavenging ability were examined for extracts of pileus and stipe of Pleurotus eryngii extracted with water, $50\%$ and $100\%$ ethanol. Volume of the solvent used was 50 time of sample on a weight/volume basis. EDA was $88\%$ in $50\%$ ethanol extract (pileus). Also, SOD-like activity was $62.57\%$ in water extract (pileus). Tyrosinase inhibitory effects of all samples were higher than $0.1\%$ L-ascorbic acid solution. ACE inhibitory activity of water extract of pileus was found to be the highest value of $95.14\%$. In addition, total polyphenol contents were the highest in water and $50\%$ ethanol extracts of pileus $(1427.25\;mg\%,\;1426.82\;mg\%)$. Finally, nitrite scavenging ability of $50\%$ ethanol extract of pileus at pH 1.2 showed approximately $95\%$. The results will be useful for understanding the physiological activities of Pleurotus eryngii extracts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1358-1363
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• 2019

In this study, the effect on the free amino acid content and anti-oxidative activity of Arctium lappa samples by heat treatment were compared to obtain data on the conditions required for properly processing the root as a raw material for tea. The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays showed that 180℃-4 min and 200℃-3 min treatments retained relatively high activity. All heat treatment conditions showed increased polyphenol content compared to the initial sample value of 42.72 mg/l, and the 180℃-4 min and 200-3 min treatments were higher than the others at 60.09 mg/l and 62.74 mg/l, respectively. In the free amino acid analysis of the A. lappa root tea, the tendency of the initial content was confirmed to decrease as temperature and time increased. Changes in phenylalanine, histidine, leucine, and isoleucine were found to be high, while aspartic acid and proline changes were relatively low. Overall, amino acid content decreased significantly under heating conditions above 180℃-3 min and 200℃-2 min. From these results, heat treatment of A. lappa root at 180℃-4 min was deemed optimal based on anti-oxidative activity and free amino acid content.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2012

The current standard for testing tetrodotoxin (TTX) in foodstuffs is the mouse bioassay (MBA) in Korea as in many other countries. However, this test suffers from potential ethical concerns over the use of live animals. In addition, the mouse bioassay does not test for a specific toxin thus a sample resulting in mouse incapacitation would need further confirmatory testing to determine the exact source toxin (e.g., TTX, STX, brevotoxin, etc.). Furthermore, though the time of death is proportional to toxicity in this assay, the dynamic range for this proportional relationship is small thus many samples must be diluted and new mice be injected to yield a result that falls within the quantitative dynamic range. Therefore, in recent years, there have been many efforts in this field to develop alternative assays. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has been emerged as one of the most promising options. A LC-MS-MS method involves solid-phase extraction (SPE) and followed by analysis using an electrospray in the positive ionization mode and multiple reactions monitoring (MRM). To adopt LC-MS-MS method as alternative standard for testing TTX, we performed a validation study for the quantification of TTX in puffer fish. This LC-MS-MS method showed good sensitivity as limits of detection (LOD) of $0.03{\sim}0.08{\mu}g/g$ and limits of quantification (LOQ) of $0.10{\sim}0.25{\mu}g/g$. The linearity ($r^2$) of tetrodotoxin were 0.9986~0.9997, the recovery were 80.9~103.0% and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 4.3~13.0%. The correlation coefficient between the mouse bioassay and LC/MS/MS method was higher than 0.95.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.329-333
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• 2011

Quality characteristics of tofu as affected by addition time (before or after coagulant) and the amount (0, 3, 6, and 9%) of astringent persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki T. cv. Cheongdobansi) powder added were investigated. Yield and sensory acceptability were higher in tofu prepared by adding persimmon before than after adding the coagulant. The yield of tofu with added persimmon was higher than that of the control. The L value of the tofu decreased as the amount of added persimmon increased. Hardness, chewiness, and crispness of tofu made with 6% persimmon were higher than those of the others. DPPH radical scavenging activity tended to increase as persimmon concentration increased but no significant difference was observed between the 3% and 6% added persimmon treatments. A sensory evaluation showed no significant differences in aroma, beany, astringency, and texture. However, the 9% sample had the significantly lowest score for overall acceptability. Thus, astringent persimmon powder (3-6%, before coagulant addition) can be utilized as an additive during tofu processing.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.598-604
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• 2010

Electron donating ability (EDA), reducing power, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, antimicrobial activity, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects of twenty-two sorghum varieties were examined using ethanol extracts (70%, v/v). The electron donationg abilities (EDA) of Mesusu and Bulgeunjangmoksusu (94% at 10 ${\mu}g$/mL) indicated higher antioxidant activity compared to those of other varieties and standard antioxidants such as BHT (13%) and BHA (74%). The reducing power of Mesusu ($OD_{700}$=0.71) suggested higher antioxidant activity, which was dependent on sample concentration. Bitjarususu showed the highest content of total phenolics (22.9 mg GAE/g); however, extracts from Heuinsusu exhibited the lowest content of total phenolics (16.4 mg GAE/g). Jangmoksusu showed the highest total flavonolic contents (3.5 mg QE/g), and Sigyeongsusu and Chal (GS) susu displayed the most antibacterial activity (MIC=8 ${\mu}g$/mL) against Escherichia coli. Extracts of Bulgeunjangmoksusu, Moktaksusu, and Ginjangmoksusu showed the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect (98%) at the concentration of 5 ${\mu}g$/mL.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The rotavirus-induced diarrhea of human and animal neonates is a major public health concern worldwide. Until recently, no effective therapy is available to specifically inactivate the rotavirion particles within the gut. Passive immunotherapy by oral administration of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) has emerged of late as a fresh alternative strategy to control infectious diseases of the alimentary tract and has been applied in the treatment of diarrhea due to rotavirus infection. The purpose of this concise review is to evaluate evidence on the properties and performance of anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for prevention and treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in human and animal neonates. A survey of relevant anti-rotavirus IgY basic studies and clinical trials among neonatal animals (since 1994-2015) and humans (since 1982-2015) have been reviewed and briefly summarized. Our analysis of a number of rotavirus investigations involving animal and human clinical trials revealed that anti-rotavirus IgY significantly reduced the severity of clinical manifestation of diarrhea among IgY-treated subjects relative to a corresponding control or placebo group. The accumulated information as a whole depicts oral IgY to be a safe and efficacious option for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in neonates. There is however a clear need for more randomized, placebo controlled and double-blind trials with bigger sample size to further solidify and confirm claims of efficacy and safety in controlling diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection especially among human infants with health issues such as low birth weights or compromised immunity in whom it is most needed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

We tested for residual pesticide levels in school foodservice agricultural products in Seoul, Korea from 2010 to 2012. A total of 316 samples of 23 different types of agricultural products were analyzed via gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphate detector (GC-NPD), an electron capture detector (GC-${\mu}ECD$), a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD), and a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). We used multi-analysis methods to analyze 185 different pesticide types. Among the selected agricultural products, residual pesticides were detected in 26 samples (8.2%), of which 6 samples (1.9%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue limits (MRLs). We detected pesticide residue in more than 65% of the Chwinamul, while 6 among 9 analyzed samples contained pesticide residue, and 1 sample exceeded the Korea MRLs. Among the 185 kinds of pesticides that we have tested, 18 were detected, while 7 of them were detected more than twice. Data obtained were then used for estimating the potential health risks associated with the exposures to these pesticides. The most critical commodity is carbofuran in the perilla leaves, which has contributed 3.8% to the hazard index (HI). These results showed that the detected pesticides could not be considered as a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, constant supervision is recommended.