• 제목/요약/키워드: Bilateral agreement

검색결과 101건 처리시간 0.027초

중국의 WTO 가입 후 변화된 중국시장 환경에서의 한국 주요 산업별 대응방안 고찰 (A review on the Countermeasure of Korean Main Industries in changed Chinese Market after the Accession to WTO)

  • 최용정;신용하
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제25권5호
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2002
  • With agreement from the US, EU, and other countries, China joined in WTO(World Trade Organization) on December 1, 2001. So it is expected that Korea will not expand bilateral trade but also face severe competition with China for world and Chinese market. After Chinese accession to WTO, the aspect of Korean companies may be considered to be reduced the aspect of opportunity and risk by half, Accordingly, Korean domestic companies have to search countermeasures optimized to get global competition by considering the aspect of opportunity and risk Therefore, the purpose of this study Is to review the potential possibility of China as a world market and to provide countermeasures for major Korean domestic industries.

국제통신에서 사업자간 정산수익분할에 대한 갈등과 비효율성 (The accounting revenue division in international telecommunications : conflicts and inefficiencies)

  • 윤경림;최현우;안병훈
    • 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1995년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 전남대학교; 28-29 Apr. 1995
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    • pp.451-453
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    • 1995
  • This paper examines characteristics of the accounting rate system whereby international telecommunications carriers settle net balances of account arising from bilateral traffic flows. Using a two stage game model, we explain problems in the system: growing traffic and payment imbalances, and resulting conflicts regarding accounting rates between carriers of, say, developed and developing countries. In this paper, we view the problems as a splitting-a-pie game in which one carrier cannot get more without a loss of the other, but total pie size depends upon the accounting rate. Therefore, a natural solution should be inevitably of a Coasian-type to establish a mutual agreement. In this regard, we first derive an efficient accounting rate, in the sense that it can make both carriers better off. Next we suggest some ways of attaining the efficient outcome. Regulatory and policy implications are also discussed.

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소형 항공기 개발 동정압계통 오차 확인 비행시험 사례 (Study on Flight Test Practice of the Small Civil Airplane Development for Pitot-Static System's Error Identification)

  • 김찬조;서지한;이원중
    • 항공우주시스템공학회지
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2013
  • The air data measured from the static pressure, the dynamic pressure and etc. of an airplane is used for calculation of many flight parameters(altitude and airspeed and so on) and these values applied to flight safety and navigation flight. The pitot-static system of the development airplane is calibrated by finding of pitot-static system's error using tower fly-by, trailing cone method and etc. This paper is describing for the introduction of the trailing cone method and major items for test planning, preparation, operation and results for air data calibration flight test performed, considering efficiency and safety during KC-100 development project.

임상경력에 따른 간호사의 의사결정 참여 영향요인 (Factors on Decision-Making Participation related to Clinical Experience Difference)

  • 임난영;이여진
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.270-277
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between decision-making factors(theoretical knowledge, expertise, empowerment, intuition) and participation in proportion to nurses's clinical experience. Method: Data was collected by quota sampling from July 10, 2001 to August 22, 2001 from 132 clinical nurses who work for 3 General hospitals. Data was analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 with crosstab, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Result: Expertise(F=34.347, p=.000), empowerment(F=29.316, p=.000), and participation(F=3.276, p=.041) were significantly different among 3 clinical experience groups. Clinical experience correlated with expertise(r=.551, p=.000) and empowerment(r=.492, p=.000), and Decision-making participation also correlated with expertise(r=.351, p=.000) and empowerment(r=.265, p=.002). Decision-making participation is effected by theoretical knowledge(under 3.00yr clinical experience), expertise(3.01-5.00yr), and empowerment(above 5.01yr). Conclusion: These findings indicate that factors(theoretical knowledge, expertise, or empowerment) on decision-making participation varies as nurses's clinical experience differs. Therefore, decision-making needs bilateral agreement between staff nurses and nurse managers rather than the responsibility of one.

KC-100 소형항공기 추진계통 비행시험 사례연구 (Study on The Propulsion System Flight Test of KC-100 Small Airplane)

  • 김대욱;강성수;김찬조;우봉길
    • 항공우주시스템공학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2013
  • The conformity of propulsion system need to be evaluated thorough the flight test because it is an important part of the airplane to ensure the flight safety. In the small airplane development, the flight test according to KAS(Korean Airworthiness Standards) Part 23 is one of the ways to verify compliance in terms of satisfactory aircraft/engine/propeller integration. This thesis introduces means of verifying the compliance and test requirement of KAS Part 23 for the conformity of the propulsion system in small airplane. It also describes procedures and methods of propulsion system flight test through KC-100 airplane project.

미국과 유럽의 항공기 기술표준품 인증절차에 관한 고찰 (A Study on Certification Procedures for Technical Standard Order Authorization of USA and Europe)

  • 이강이;박근영;정하걸;유창경
    • 항공우주시스템공학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2015
  • The Technical Standard Order articles are the parts and appliances for which the civil aviation authority designates as it is necessary to standardize for the expedited certification process and aviation safety. TSO articles were used on the type certified aircraft as replacement parts in the early days of TSO authorization system, but those articles are widely used on the newly developed aircraft as well in these days. In this paper, we compared the differences of the TSO authorization systems between FAA and EASA, and proposed the rulemaking items to improve Korean TSO authorization system and to contribute to growth of aviation industry.

Measurement Uncertainties for Vacuum Standards from a Low to an Ultra-high Vacuum

  • Hong, S.S.;Shin, Y.H.;Lim, J.Y.
    • Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.103-112
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    • 2014
  • The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) has three major vacuum systems: an ultrasonic interferometer manometer (UIM; Section II, Figs. 1 and 2) for a low vacuum, a static expansion system (SES; Section III, Figs. 3 and 4) for a medium vacuum, and an orifice-type dynamic expansion system (DES, Section IV, Figs. 5 and 6) for high and ultra-high vacuum systems. For each system, explicit measurement model equations with multiple variables are given. According to ISO standards, all of these system variable errors were used to calculate the expanded uncertainty (U). For each system, the expanded uncertainties (k = 1, confidence level = 95%) and relative expanded uncertainty (expanded uncertainty/generated pressure) levels are summarized in Table 4. Within the uncertainty limits, our bilateral and key comparisons [CCM.P-K4 (10 Pa to 1 kPa)] are extensive and in good agreement with those of other nations (Fig. 8 and Table 5).

합성방법에 의한 E-평면형 대역통과 여파기의 정밀설계에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Accurate Design of E-Plane Type Bandpass Filtgers Based on the Synthesis Procedures)

  • 임재봉;이충웅
    • 대한전자공학회논문지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.616-624
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    • 1986
  • In this paper, we propose an accurate design method of E-plane type filters using the synthesis procedures and the passband correction factor. This correction factor is obtained from the actual insertion losses of the pre-designed filter at band edge frequencies. For this study a CAD program has been developed. In this program, the Fin-line structures are analyzed by the variational analysis routines. Unilateral Fin-line filters and bilateral Fin-line filters are fabricated in the X-band. Experimental results show excellent agreement with the theory.

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An Analysis of Constraints on Pyroprocessing Technology Development in ROK Under the US Nonproliferation Policy

  • Jae Soo Ryu
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.383-395
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    • 2023
  • Since 1997, the Republic of Korea (ROK) has been developing pyro-processing (Pyro) technology to reduce the disposal burden of high-level radioactive waste by recycling spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Compared to plutonium and uranium extraction process, Korean Pyro technology has relatively excellent proliferation resistance that cannot separate pure plutonium owing to its intrinsic characteristics. Regarding Pyro technology development of ROK, the Bush administration considered that Pyro is not reprocessing under the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, whereas the Obama administration considered that Pyro is subject to reprocessing. However, the Bush and Obama administrations did not allow ROK to conduct full Pyro activities using SNF, even though ROK had faithfully complied with international nonproliferation obligations. This is because the US nuclear nonproliferation policy to prevent the spread of sensitive technologies, such as enrichment and reprocessing, has a strong effect on ROK, unlike Japan, on a bilateral level beyond the NPT regime for non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

한.미간 방송 시장 개방(FTA) 협상과 문화다양성협약의 의의 (The Free Trade Agreement on Broadcasting Service between Korea and USA and Meaning of Cultural Diversity Agreement)

  • 나낙균
    • 한국언론정보학보
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    • 제35권
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    • pp.36-86
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    • 2006
  • 전 세계를 시장화하는 GATT 및 WTO 등 다자간 자유무역체제의 확산 및 특정 국가간의 자유무역협정(FTA) 등이 확대됨에 따라 방송 분야의 산업화와 세계화가 급속히 진전되고 있다. 산업적 논리에 입각한 방송환경의 변화는 방송의 산업적 위상을 높이는 결과를 가져왔으며, 방송은 21세기 최고 유망산업 가운데 하나인 문화산업의 핵심 분야로 주목받고 있어, 방송 상품은 국제무역에서 중요한 교역물의 하나가 되었다. 국제교역에 있어서 미국과 일본은 문화 산물도 일반 재화와 동일하게 취급하여 국제적인 자유무역의 틀 안에 두려고 하며, 반면 EU와 캐나다 등의 국가들은 문화 산물을 상품임과 동시에 공공재라는 입장을 취하여 자유무역에서 제외해야 한다는 문화적 예외를 주장하고 있다. 그러나 WTO의 DDA협상이 진행되고 있고 미국이 FTA를 급속히 확대해 나가고 있는 상황에서 다자간 자유무역협정의 틀 안에서 이루어지는 문화적 예외는 한시적 대응수단으로 근본적인 대안이 될 수 없다. 따라서 유네스코의 문화다양성 협약을 통해 국가의 문화정체성 확보를 위한 정책 등을 실행함으로써 문화에 대한 자주권을 국제법상 보장받도록 해야 하며 무역협정의 교역질서를 대체하는 새로운 문화교류의 질서를 조직하여야 한다.

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