• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.406-414
• /
• 2004

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the importance level on factors affecting the foodservice management contract perceived by the clients in the office building, government and public offices and manufacturing company in Seoul and Kyungi 2) to compare the perceived importance levels of the present contract and future contract 3) to compare the perceived importance levels of the competitive bid with those of the private contract. To collect the data on the perceived importance level on the affecting the foodservice management contract, the questionnaires were developed by the delphi technique and modified by the pilot test. The questionnaires consisted of 4 categories and 19 items on the factors affecting the foodservice management contract and the importance level on the factors were measured by 5-likert scale. From March 12 to April 13 in 2003, the self-administrative questionnaires were mailed to 280 clients. The questionnaires were responded from the 50 clients (respondent rate: 25％). On the factors affecting the present contract and the future contract, among the 4 categories (the appropriateness of foodservice operation plan, the evaluation of the foodservice company, sales ability, the conditions of the cost in the contract), the importance level of the appropriateness of foodservice operation plan was higher than those of the other categories. In the comparison of the perceived importance level between the present contract and the future contract, the importance level of 4 items (sanitation and safety management plan, menu management plan, service management plan, food cost per meal) in the future contract were significantly higher than those in the present contract (p＜.01, p＜.05, p＜.05, p＜.01). There were the significant differences between the private contract and competitive bid on the factors affecting the present contract in the 3 items, which were $\ulcorner$renewal plan for interior and environment$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$strategic alliance with the contractor$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$lobby of the foodservice company$\lrcorner$ (p＜.05, p＜.05, p＜.05). And on the factors affecting the future contract, there were significant differences in the 2 items, which were $\ulcorner$renewal plan for interior and environment$\lrcorner$and $\ulcorner$cost per meal$\lrcorner$in comparing the competitive bid and private contract (p＜.05, p＜.01). The clients perceived the appropriateness of foodservice operation plan was more important than the other categories in the future foodservice management contract. It was proposed that the foodservice management contract company should focus on the foodservice operation to satisfy the customers and clients in order to get more contract in the future.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2007

The aims of this study are to draw the project risk factors by grasping the relation especially between the construction preparation cost calculation and the project risk factors in the project's bidding stage, and to draw the cost estimate based on the risk when the orderer or the constructer performs the project and the main factors in calculating the most suitable construction cost by clarifying the understanding degree of the influence between the risk factors and the construction cost. In addition, this study can give a help to the proper decision -making through the prediction of the construction preparation cost, and this study is expected to give the basic data in developing the assessment tool for the most suitable construction cost of the project.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.1283-1287
• /
• 2009

The Korean government implemented 259 road projects from 2004 to 2007, valued at $18.4 billion. Change orders of these road projects occurred 8,973 times and, subsequently, caused significant increases in the cost of the projects, approximately up to $4.2 billion (22.8% of the initial budget). These significant problems of huge change orders require a more workable control system for budget management whereas the effectiveness of the government's control is still not satisfied. However, previous approaches and studies mostly limited their analyses to simply classifying the causes of the change orders. This paper investigates the real frequency and cost impacts incurred by each cause of a change order, primarily based on 218 road projects in Korea. The paper then identifies the attributes of change orders through a survey of 204 project participants in that those sources were inevitable or avoided if properly managed. The causes of the change orders are further analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) in connection with contract volume, bid award rate, the contractor's capacity to perform, and the design company's capacity. This study found that if the contract volume is smaller, then the possibility of change orders is higher. Interestingly, if the bid award rate is less than 67.5%, it signifies the highest rate of change orders. In addition, the contractors whose construction ability is assessed as the top-ranked group showed the lowest change order rates. With these results, this paper provides the preventive guidelines for reducing the likelihood of change orders.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2011

Competitive bidding in construction is concerned with contractors making strategic decisions in respect of determination of bid price if contractors opt to bid. This study presents a strategy model for deciding optimum tender price with reflecting appropriate profit in competitive bidding using Bayesian regression analysis (BRA). The purpose of the developed model is to help contractors to secure suitable profitability by predicting the actual profit based on key variables. They may affect construction cost at bidding phase, ultimately which help contractors to secure high quality output. The model was tested empirically by application to a bidding dataset collected from a large South Korea contractor. BRA allows contractors to estimate more accurate actual profit by reflecting not only objective information but also subjective experiences and judgments. Consequently, the model can contribute to improvement of decision-making process for setting an optimum tender price.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2014

Risks, uncertainties, and associated cost overruns are critical problems for construction projects. Cost contingency is an important funding source for these unforeseen events and is included in the base estimate to help perform financially successful projects. In order to predict more accurate contingency, many empirical models using regression analysis and artificial neural network method have been proposed and showed its viability to minimize prediction errors. However, categorical factors on contingency cannot have been treated and thus considered in these empirical models since those models are able to treat only numerical factors. This paper identified potential factors on contingency in transportation construction projects and evaluated categorical factors using the one-way ANOVA statistical method. Among factors including project work type, delivery method type, contract agreement type, bid award type, letting type, and geographical location, two factors of project work type and contract agreement type were found to be statistically important on allocating cost contingency.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.185-186
• /
• 2017

Even large construction projects of nuclear power plant construction and production data is increasing dramatically due to the introduction of ICT technologies, such as 3D scanning technology, wireless communication technology, virtual construction management technology. There are various attributes and types of data to be produced and managed because the documents generated by the contract method are different from the cost processing method. According to the requirements of the international nuclear bid, it is required to present the cost that is calculated based on resource quantity. This research considers ways in which the cost management based on the resource quantity.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.892-896
• /
• 2005

This paper collected 132 schools reconstruction projects in central Taiwan, which received the most serious damage from the Chi-Chi Earthquake. Regression analysis was implemented to build the prediction model of the cost and the duration for the collected projects. It is found that the cubic regression models are capable for predicting the cost and the duration of the projects contracted by the central agency of which the contracting awarding approach was based on the most advantageous tendering (MAT) approach. On the other hand, power regression models are capable for predicting the cost and the duration of the projects contracted through the low bid tendering (LBT) approach. It is also found that the performance of the regression prediction model differs in accordance with organizations that contracted the reconstruction projects.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 실적공사비 적용분에 대한 지수조정율 산정기준의 현황과 문제점을 분석하고 개선방향을 제시하였다. 실적공사비 적용분에 대해 공종별 실적공사비 단가의 평균값을 적용하는 기존 방식은 단가 규모가 큰 6개 공종의 변동이 전체를 좌우하여 유사 물가지표와 다른 추세를 보이는 등 비판 소지가 있다. 이에 건설공사비지수 등을 활용하는 개선방안을 제시하고 사례분석을 통해 개선의 당위성을 검증하였다. 실적공사비 비목군에 대해 건설공사비지수 등락율을 적용하는 첫번째 대안의 경우 건설공사비지수가 생산자물가지수를 활용한 가공통계이므로 유사지표간 등락추세의 일관성을 기할 수 있고, 기존 방식에 비해 물가변동 대가가 현실화될 수 있게 된다. 노무비 부분을 분리하여 별도 기준을 적용하는 두 번째 방안도 실적공사비 적용분 노무비율 만큼 투입구조 왜곡 문제가 완화되며, 유사 물가변동지표에 근접하게 되고, 물가변동 대가가 현실화된다는 측면에서 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.371-375
• /
• 2015

Design-Build (DB) has gained in popularity in roadway projects due to its defining advantage to improve communication and fast-track project delivery. However, very little is known about the impact of change order frequency and occurrence timing pertaining to DB projects. The study analyzes their impacts on project time and cost performance by conducting a rigorous numerical analysis drawing on 530 3R (rehabilitation, reconstruction, and resurfacing) projects completed between 2002 and 2011 in Florida by using a multiple linear regression. The results indicate that DB outperformed Design-Bid-Build in project cost as well as time. Critically, the regression analysis signifies that earlier change order occurrence caused more unfavorable impacts on schedule and cost. The proposed analyses and models will lead to the improved ability of agencies to quickly and more reliably estimate the potential change order impacts on schedule and cost.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.455-461
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes Direct Load Control(DLC) operation scheme using a bidding system and the methodology to value proper quantity decided by the DLC program, which is a kind of resources for stabilization of electricity market price during peak times by managing consumer electricity demand. Since DLC program in Korea is based on the contract with the customers participating in this program, it is difficult to anticipate voluntary participation. That is, incentive for participants in DLC program is insufficient. To cope with this point, it is necessary to develop a new market mechanism and market compatible operation scheme for DLC programs. DLC market mechanism is deemed to be equipped with iterative bidding system, independent operation from energy market, and interactive with bidding information on energy market. With this market mechanism, it is important to find the optimal operation point of DLC allowing for the factors of stabilizing the electricity market price and compensating DLC implementation. This paper focuses on the mathematical approaches for the bid-based DLC operation scheme and examines several scenarios for the following technical justifications: 1) stabilization of electricity market price during peak times, 2) elasticity of demand.