• 제목/요약/키워드: Betaproteobacteria

검색결과 62건 처리시간 0.021초

Bacterial Diversity at Different Depths in Lead-Zinc Mine Tailings as Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Libraries

  • Zhang, Han-Bo;Shi, Wen;Yang, Ming-Xia;Sha, Tao;Zhao, Zhi-Wei
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.479-484
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    • 2007
  • Bacterial communities at 10 cm, 100 cm, and 200 cm depths in a 100-year-old lead-zinc tailing heap were evaluated by constructing 16S rRNA gene libraries. In total, 98 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from 193 clones at a 3% sequence difference level. The OTU number and species richness decreased with the depth. Species composition was significantly different between the three libraries. Fifty-seven percent of the examined clones were Acidobacteria and 27% belonged to Proteobacteria. Other sequences included Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Chlamydiae, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospira, and three unclassified OTUs. Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were mainly distributed in the rhizosphere of naturally colonizing plants; however, Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi tended to inhabit the deeper tailings (below the 100 cm-depth).

Twelve previously unrecorded bacterial species, isolated from the Nakdong River, South Korea

  • Kim, Hyangmi;Han, Ji-Hye
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.134-141
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    • 2021
  • During a survey of indigenous prokaryotic species diversity of the upstream Nakdong River, South Korea, 12 bacterial strains were isolated for further analysis. These bacterial strains were identified showing at least 98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with known bacterial species that were previously unreported in South Korea. The 12 bacterial strains were phylogenetically diverse and assigned to four classes, eight orders, nine families, and ten different genera. The isolates were identified as Leucobacter holotrichiae (99.1%), Leucobacter tardus (99.9%), Rhodococcus rhodochrous (99.9%), Tessaracoccus oleiagri (100%), and Paeniglutamicibacter cryotolerans (99.3%), of the class Actinobacteria; Bacillus coagulans (99.7%) and Bacillus wudalianchiensis (99.1%) of the class Bacilli; Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense (99.2%) and Paracoccus thiocyanatus (100%) of the class Alphaproteobacteria; and Ideonella azotifigens (99.0%), Polaromonas glacialis(99.3%), and Herbaspirillum seropedicae (99.5%) of the class Betaproteobacteria. The cellular and colonial morphology, biochemical properties, and phylogenetic position of these isolates were examined, and species descriptions are provided.

Nitrosomonadales 목의 핵심유전체(core genome)와 범유전체(pan-genome)의 비교유전체학적 연구 (Comparative analysis of core and pan-genomes of order Nitrosomonadales)

  • 이진환;김경호
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.329-337
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    • 2015
  • Nitrosomonadales 목에서 속하는 균주 중 현재 유전체 서열이 알려진 모든 유전체(N=10)를 이용하여 범유전체 및 핵심유전체 분석을 수행한 결과, 각각 9,808개와 908개 유전자클러스터를 포함하는 것을 확인하였다. Betaproteobacteria의 다른 목의 참조군들과 비교를 통하여 범유전체와 핵심유전체의 크기에 유전체의 수와 집단 내의 유전체들의 차이가 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. Nitrosomonas 속과 Nitrosospira 속의 범유전체는 7,180개와 4,586개, 핵심유전체는 1,092개와 1,600로로 각각 측정되어 Nitrosospira 속의 동질성이 더 높은 것을 확인하였다. Nitrosomonadales 목의 범유전체와 핵심유전체의 크기에 Nitrosomonas 속이 대부분의 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. COG 분석을 통하여 핵심유전체의 크기에는 J (translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis) 범주가 가장 큰 비율(9.7-21.0%)을 차지하며, 유전체 사이의 유전적 거리가 먼 집단일수록 그 비율이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 범유전체의 크기에는 "-" (unclassified) 범주가 34-51%의 높은 비율을 차지하고 있을 정도로 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 총 97개의 유전자 클러스터가 참조군에는 없고 Nitrosomonadales에만 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 이들 클러스터들은 Nitrosomonadales을 특징 지우는 유전자들인 ammonia monooxygenase의 유전자인 amoA와 amoB와 그와 관련 있는 amoE와 amoD들을 포함하는 반면에 unclassified 유전자들도 상당량(16-45%)을 포함하고 있다. 이러한 유전자 클러스터는 Nitrosomonadales의 유전적 특이성을 밝히는 데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

제주도에서 채집한 해양 해면, Asteropus simplex의 공생세균에 관한 계통학적 분석 (Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in the Marine Sponge, Asteropus simplex, Collected from Jeju Island)

  • 정인혜;박진숙
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.275-283
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    • 2012
  • 해양 해면 Asteropus simplex를 제주도에서 채집하여 배양에 의한 RFLP와 비배양에 의한 DGGE 분석 방법에 의해 세균군집 구조를 조사하였다. 16S rDNA-RFLP 분석을 위해 변형된 Zobell 배지와 MA를 이용하여 120균주를 선별하고 제한효소, HaeIII와 MspI을 사용하여 각각의 다른 RFLP 패턴으로 구분하였다. RFLP 패턴으로부터 유래한 16S rDNA 염기서열 분석결과, 알려진 세균 종과 94% 이상의 유사도를 나타내었으며 Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, 5개의 문이 관찰되었다. 그 중 Gammaproteobacteria가 우점하였다. 같은 해면, A. simplex의 DGGE 분석을 위해 total genomic DNA로부터 16S rDNA를 증폭하여 DGGE fingerprinting을 수행한 결과 12개의 서로 다른 밴드가 관찰되었다. 각 밴드의 16S rDNA 염기서열은 알려진 세균의 염기서열과 90% 이상의 유사성을 나타내었으며 대부분의 염기서열은 uncultured bacteria에 속하였다. DGGE 분석으로부터 미생물의 군집은 Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospira, 7개의 문으로 나타났다. RFLP와 DGGE 방법에 의해 Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria가 공통적으로 발견되었으나 전체적인 공생세균의 군집구조는 분석방법에 따른 차이를 나타내었다. 배양에 의한 방법보다 비배양 방법에서 더 다양한 세균군집구조를 나타내었다.

상수리림 부식층으로부터 방향족 화합물 분해세균의 분리 및 세균군집의 계통학적 특성 (Phylogenetic characteristics of bacterial populations and isolation of aromatic compounds utilizing bacteria from humus layer of oak forest)

  • 한송이
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 상수리림 부식층으로부터 방향족 화합물(리그닌 polymers) 분해세균을 분리하여 계통학적 특성을 밝히고, pyrosequencing 계통분석을 통해 부식층 내 주요 세균군집과의 상관관계를 검토하고자 하였다. 방향족 화합물(p-anisic acid, benzoic acid, ferulic acid 및 p-coumaric acid)을 이용하는 세균 42균주를 분리하여 16S rRNA 계통해석한 결과, Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Burkhorlderia, Pseudomonas 계통군으로 확인되었다. 이들 방향족화합물 분해세균 중 Burkhorlderia 계통군은 전체 분리균주의 83%로 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 차세대 염기서열 분석법(pyrosequencing)을 이용하여 부식층시료로부터 7,862개의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 얻었으며, 유의성 97% 수준에서 1,821 OTUs와 다양성 지수 6.76가 확인되었다. 상수리림 부식층 내 세균군집은 총 22개 문(phylum)으로 구성되었으며, 주요 세균군집으로 확인된 ${\beta}$-proteobacteria 계통군은 Burkholderia, Polaromonas, Ralstoria, Zoogloea, Variovorax를 포함하는 15개 속으로 세분류 되었다. 이들 세균 중 약 50%가 Burkholderia 속으로 확인되었다. 상수리림 부식층 내 우점군집으로 밝혀진 Burkholderia 계통군은 산림 생태계에서 리그닌 분해 대사 과정에 중요한 미생물생태학적 역할을 수행하는 것으로 판단되었다.

북한강 수계 미소생물 군집 및 이취미 물질의 시공간적 분포 특성 (Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Microbial Community and Odor Compounds in the Bukhan River System)

  • 변정환;유미나;이은정;유순주;김백호;변명섭
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.299-310
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 2017년 4월부터 10월까지 북한강 수계 3개의 연속댐(의암호(UA), 청평호(CP), 팔당호(PD))의 미소생물 군집과 이취미 농도와 관계를 알아보기 위해 환경요인, 이 취미 물질, 미소생물 군집 등을 조사하였다. 3개 저수지의 박테리아 군집은 주로 Actinobacteria와 Betaproteobacteria가 우점 분류군으로 나타났으며, 계절성은 나타나지 않았다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 봄철, 규조류 및 은편모조류 여름철 남조류, 가을철 규조류 및 은편모조류 순서로 우점하는 계절성을 보였으며, 북한강 수계에서 출현한 남조류는 Dolichospermum spp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Pseudanabaena spp. 속이 우점 출현하였다. 북한강 수계에 출현한 미소생물 중 이취미 물질을 발생하는 분류군은 Actinobacteria와 남조 Anabaena, Pseudanabaena 속 등이며, 이취미 물질인 Geosmin과 2-MIB가 높게 나타났을 때, 높은 현존량으로 출현하였다. 미소생물과 이취미 물질의 상관관계는 Actinobacteria의 경우 2-MIB (r=0.491, p<0.01)와 유의한 상관성을 나타냈으며, 남조류의 경우 geosmin (r=0.381, p<0.05), 2-MIB (r=0.386, p<0.05)와 유의한 상관성을 나타냈다. 따라서, 북한강 수계에서 나타나는 이취미 물질은 Actinobacteria 및 남조류의 출현과 직접적인 관계가 있을 것으로 사료되며, 남조류 미출현 시 발생하는 높은 농도의 이취미 물질은 Actinobacteria가 생성하는 것으로 판단된다.

'Bring to Lab' of 19 Novel Species Among 60 Isolates Retrieved from a Freshwater Pond

  • Song, Jae-Ho;Yang, Seung-Jo;Cho, Jang-Cheon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.168-175
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    • 2007
  • We report here on the cultivation of numerous novel bacterial species from a eutrophic freshwater pond. A total of 60 strains, 15 strains per each culture medium, were obtained from the surface of a eutrophic freshwater pond by employing a conventional dilution-plating method with four different kinds of culture media, including R2A, 1/10R2A, PCA, and 1/10PCA. Among the 60 strains isolated, 27 strains showed less than 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to validly published species, and thus they are considered to comprise 19 novel species. Of the 27 strains assigned to the novel species, the majority of the strains (20 strains) were affiliated with the Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. The remaining 7 strains were affiliated with the Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Deinococci. Because we have isolated 19 novel species from a usual freshwater pond using a conventional culturing technique, our results suggest that an unexplored ecosystem, even if it looks like a common ecosystem found elsewhere, harbors diverse unidentified microbes, which will be definitely further characterized.

Microbial Community Structure in Hexadecane- and Naphthalene-Enriched Gas Station Soil

  • Baek, Kyung-Hwa;Kim, Hee-Sik
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제19권7호
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    • pp.651-657
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    • 2009
  • Shifts in the activity and diversity of microbes involved in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in contaminated soil were investigated. Subsurface soil was collected from a gas station that had been abandoned since 1995 owing to ground subsidence. The total petroleum hydrocarbon content of the sample was approximately 2,100 mg/kg, and that of the soil below a gas pump was over 23,000 mg/kg. Enrichment cultures were grown in mineral medium that contained hexadecane (H) or naphthalene (N) at a concentration of 200 mg/l. In the Henrichment culture, a real-time PCR assay revealed that the 16S rRNA gene copy number increased from $1.2{\times}10^5$to $8.6{\times}10^6$with no lag phase, representing an approximately 70-fold increase. In the N-enrichment culture, the 16S rRNA copy number increased about 13-fold after 48 h, from $6.3{\times}10^4$to $8.3{\times}10^5$. Microbial communities in the enrichment cultures were studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and by analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries. Before the addition of hydrocarbons, the gas station soil contained primarily Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. During growth in the H-enrichment culture, the contribution of Bacteriodetes to the microbial community increased significantly. On the other hand, during N-enrichment, the Betaproteobacteria population increased conspicuously. These results suggest that specific phylotypes of bacteria were associated with the degradation of each hydrocarbon.

A report on 17 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea isolated from Lakes Soyang and Chungju in 2016

  • Jeon, Hyoung Tae;Joung, Yochan;Kim, Suhyun;Lim, Yeonjung;Cho, Jang-Cheon
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2017
  • As a part of the research program 'Survey of freshwater organisms and specimen collection', freshwater samples were collected from Lakes Soyang and Chungju in 2016. Hundreds of bacterial strains were isolated from the samples and were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Among the bacterial isolates, strains showing higher than 98.7% sequence similarity with validly published bacterial species not reported in Korea were selected as unrecorded bacterial species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 17 strains were identified as unrecorded bacterial species in Korea. The 17 bacterial strains were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to four phyla, seven classes, 13 orders, 14 families, and 16 genera. At generic level, the unreported species were affiliated with Caulobacter, Paracoccus, and Mesorhizobium of the class Alphaproteobacteria, Deefgea, Undibacterium, Chitinimonas, Inhella, and Sphaerotilus of the class Betaproteobacteria, Vibrio and Cellvibrio of the class Gammaproteobacteria, Sanguibacter and Clavibacter of the phylum Actinobacteria, Lactococcus of the phylum Firmicutes, Deinococcus of the class Deinococci, and Chryseobacterium and Flavobacterium of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The unreported species were further characterized by examining Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, biochemical properties, and phylogenetic position. The detailed description of the 17 unreported species are also provided.

Description of 17 unrecorded bacterial species isolated from freshwater showing antibiotic resistance in Korea

  • Baek, Kiwoon;Kim, Eui-Jin;Han, Ji-Hye;Choi, Ahyoung
    • 환경생물
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.289-298
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    • 2020
  • As part of the research program "2018 Rapid screening and identification of freshwater microorganisms using MALDI-TOF/MS library" freshwater samples were collected from a branch of the Nakdong River. Almost 300 antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from freshwater samples and subsequently identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Seventeen strains among the isolates shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>99.0%) with known species that were not previously recorded in Korea, and each of the isolates also formed a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species. These species were phylogenetically diverse, belonging to four phyla, seven classes, 10 orders, and 13 genera. At the genus and class level, the previously unrecorded species belonged to Rhodovarius, Xanthobacter, and Shinella of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Ottowia, Simplicispira, and Zoogloea of Betaproteobacteria; Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Shewanella of Gammaproteobacteria; Arcobacter of Epsilonproteobacteria; Sphingobacterium of Sphingobacteriia; Trichococcus of Bacilli; and Leucobacter of Actinobacteria. The previously unrecorded species were further characterized by examining their gram-staining, colony and cell morphology, biochemical properties, and phylogenetic position.