• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1513-1520
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• 2007

[ ${\beta}$ ]-1,3-Glucans enhance immune reactions such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulatory, and wound healing activities. ${\beta}$-1,3-Glucans have various functions depending on the molecular weight, degree of branching, conformation, water solubility, and intermolecular association. The molecular weight of the soluble glucan was about 15,000 as determined by a high-performance size exclusion chromatography. From the infrared (IR) and $^{13}C$ NMR analytical data, the purified soluble glucan was found to exclusively consist of ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranose with 1,3 linkage. We tested the immunestimulating activities of the soluble ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan extracted from Agrobacterium sp. R259 KCTC 1019 and confirmed the following activities. IFN-$_{\gamma}$ and each cytokines were induced in the spleens and thymus of mice treated with soluble ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan. Adjuvant effect was observed on antibody production. Nitric oxide was synthesized in monocytic cell lines treated with ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan. The cytotoxic and antitumor effects were observed on various cancer cell lines and ICR mice. These results strongly suggested that this soluble ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan could be a good candidate for an immune-modulating agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.823-830
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bacteria-derived $\beta$-glucan fiber on serum lipids, adiposity and uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in rats. In order to induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley weanling male rats were allowed free access to AIN-76A diet until 4 weeks of age, and fed high-fat diet (beef tallow, $40\%$ of calories as fat) for 6 weeks until 10 weeks of age. Rats were then fed with $0\%$ thigh- fat control group), $1\%$, or $5\%$ bacterial ~-glucan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 6 weeks. For comparison, normal control group was fed with AIN-76 diet $11.7\%$ fat). Supplementation with bacterial $\beta$-glucan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced white fat (i.e., visceral and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced, but, HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by bacterial $\beta$-glucan supplementation. Serum leptin level was lower in the $\beta$-glucan groups than in the high-fat group. The expression of UCPs (UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly increased by $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan-containing diet. This study suggests that the anti-obesity effect of $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan is attributed to upregulation of UCPs and inefficient energy utilization.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3641-3644
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• 2014

The present study aimed to determine the effect of oral ${\beta}$-glucan on mucositis and leukopenia in 62 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer treated with an adjuvant FOLFOX-4 regimen. The patients were retrospectively evaluated in 2 groups: one group received ${\beta}$-glucan and the other did not (control group). Leucocytes, neutrophils, and platelets were evaluated before and 1 week after chemotherapy and oral mucositis and diarrhea were noted. Leucocyte and neutrophil counts after chemotherapy in the ${\beta}$-glucan group were $7,300/mm^3$ and $3,800/mm^3$, respectively, and the reductions, as compared to baseline, were not significant (p=0.673 and 0.784). The median platelet count was $264,000/mm^3$ after chemotherapy in the ${\beta}$-glucan group and the reduction, as compared to baseline, was borderline significant (p=0.048). In the control group, reduction in leucocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts was statistically significant. Oral mucositis and diarrhea were less common in the ${\beta}$-glucan group. We conclude that ${\beta}$-glucan can be used to reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2010

This study evaluated the change in whitening activity of ${\beta}-glucan$ by gamma-irradiation. Tyrosinase inhibition was significantly increased in the samples with 30, 50, 100 kGy irradiated ${\beta}-glucan$. Melanin synthesis of irradiated ${\beta}-glucan$ was measured from B16BL6 melanoma cell line treated with ${\alpha}-melanin$ stimulating hormone. Melanin synthesis was increased in the ${\alpha}-melanin$ stimulating hormone added group. However, it was decreased in the groups of 30, 50 and 100 kGy gamma-irradiated ${\beta}-glucan$ treated with ${\alpha}-melanin$ stimulating hormone. These results indicate that gamma irradiated ${\beta}-glucan$ may elevate the whitening activity. Therefore, gamma-irradiated ${\beta}-glucan$ could be used for nutraceutical foods in cosmetic industry.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2005

Immunomodulatory activities of crude ${\beta}$-glucans extracted from oat bran under different conditions, fractions A ($55^{\circ}C,\;5%,\;pH\;6$), B ($45^{\circ}C,\;15%,\;pH\;6$), C ($50^{\circ}C,\;20%,\;pH\;7$), D ($50^{\circ}C,\;0%,\;pH\;7$), and E ($50^{\circ}C,\;10%,\;pH\;9$) were investigated. All crude ${\beta}$-glucan fractions stimulated macrophages, producing nitric oxide dose-dependently, and, efficiently promoted nitric oxide production in presence of IFN-${\gamma}$. Except for fraction C, in vivo test indicated fractions B, D, and E (100 mg/kg) substantially enhanced carbon-phagocytic indices of blood macrophages by oral administration of crude ${\beta}$glucan for 7 days prior to carbon injection. These immunomodulatory effects could be determined with extraction conditions of crude ${\beta}$-glucan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2082-2087
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• 2013

The present study was performed to quantitatively analyze eleutherosides (B and E) and ${\beta}$-glucan in different plant parts of three cultivars (Chungnam, Gangwon, and Jeju) of Acanthopanax senticosus and Acanthopanax koreanum using HPLC and a commercial enzyme kit. Our results showed high linearity in the calibration curves as the coefficients of correlation ($R^2$) were 0.998 (eleutheroside B) and 0.999 (eleutheroside E), respectively. Eleutheroside B and E were found in stem extracts of A. koreanum cultivated in Jeju (1,122 ${\mu}g/g$, eleutheroside B) and A. senticosus cultivated in Chungnam (2,536 ${\mu}g/g$, eleutheroside E), respectively. However, eleutheroside B was not detected in any part of A. senticosus cultivated in Chungnam. For ${\beta}$-glucan contents, stems of A. senticosus and A. koreanum showed higher than other parts. Furthermore, the ${\beta}$-glucan content in stems of A. koreanum cultivated in Gangwon was significantly higher than in those of other cultivars. These results show that the contents of eleutheroside B, E, and ${\beta}$-glucan were higher in stem extracts of A. senticosus and A. koreanum than other parts. Moreover, our results suggest that the contents of eleutheroside B, E, and ${\beta}$-glucan in A. senticosus and A. koreanum are influenced by cultivation area and the selected part.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2015

Glucan has been shown to have a significant role in the activation of the immune system, including increased activity of macrophages and so on. Sparassis latifolia (formerly S. crispa) is an edible mushroom abundant in dietary fiber and widely known to contain high levels of ${\beta}$-glucan. In the present study, fermentation broths containing soluble ${\beta}$-glucan were prepared by fermentation with mushrooms with four Lactobacillus species (L. plantarum subsp. Plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. helveticus, and L. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus). After culturing four Lactobacillus spp. in MRS broth, each Lactobacillus was inoculated into MRS broth containing S. latifolia powder 5% (w/v) at $37^{\circ}C$ in an anaerobic incubator for five days. It showed that the ${\beta}$-glucan contents were different in each fermentation sample. The suitable conditions for the preparation of mushroom fermentation broths were investigated and discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1558-1564
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• 2019

Objective: This study investigated the effects of 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan added to the diet of Haidong chicks reared under hypoxic conditions, to ascertain the growth performances, immunity and intestinal morphology changes. Methods: A total of 750 chicks were divided into five groups and fed diets containing 0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan from yeast (G1, G2, G3, respectively), 0.2 g/kg Taylor rhizomorph and a control feed. Results: The body weight and body weight gain were higher in chicks fed 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan and Taylor rhizomorph than in control group. Feed conversion ratio significantly differed for G2 and G3 groups in comparison to control group. The relative weight of bursa was higher in G1, G2, and G3 groups. The white blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly increased in groups fed 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan. The immunoglobulin G of serum peak appeared in the G3 group. The villous height of the duodenum was higher in 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan feed groups. In the jejunum, the villous height was higher in G2 and G3 groups and crypt depth for all the groups fed ${\beta}$-glucan. At ileum level the villous height and crypt depth was higher for groups G1, G2, and G3. Conclusion: The growth performance of Haidong chicks is improved when 10 and 20 g/kg 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan is included in the diet; hence, it is suggested that 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan be included in poultry diet to reduce and replace the use of antibiotics.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 2018

Treatment towards wound healing, a complex and dynamic process, has been given a great deal of efforts in the last few decades. Focus has been imposed on developing wound dressings that meet the requirements for proper wound healing. In this study, hydrogel made from blends of poly (vinyl alcohol) and ${\beta}$-1,6-branched-${\beta}$-1,3-glucan (beta-glucan) were synthesized by modified solvent casting method for wound dressing application. Optimization of hydrogel composition and analysis of wound dressing parameters such as stability and fluid uptake capacity (in the presence of water, saline and different pH solutions) has been studied. The result indicated that the PVA/beta-glucan hydrogel hold its structural integrity even at alkaline pH (pH~9) and upholds fluids four times of its original weight. Thus, the developed hydrogel is expected to be a promising candidate as wound dressing.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

Dietary pattern has paramount importance in shaping the gut microbiota and its associated host health. Herein this study, long term (12 weeks) impact of mushroom derived dietary fiber, ${\beta}-glucan$, is investigated for its effect on low fiber diet consumption. Inclusion of dietary fiber into the low fiber diet (LFD) increased the abundance of genera Lactobacillus and Anaerostipes, the microbes responsible for butyrate (major 'fuel source' of colonocytes) production. Mice fed LFD with ${\beta}-glucan$ showed significant increase in the length of small intestine compared to that of the LFD group without ${\beta}-glucan$. Further, dietary fiber consumption enhanced goblet cell density along with mucosal layer thickness. These results indicate promising effects of ${\beta}-glucan$ towards maintenance of healthy gut and gut microbiota.