• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 1997

In the linear regression model $y_{i}$ = .alpha. $x_{i}$ $^{T}$ .beta. + .epsilon.$_{i}$ , i = 1,2,...,n, the weighted pairwise absolute deviation (WPAD) estimator was defined by minimizing the dispersion function D (.beta.) = .sum..sum.$_{{i $w_{{ij}}$$\mid$ $r_{j}$ (.beta.) $r_{i}$ (.beta.)$\mid$, where $r_{i}$ (.beta.)'s are residuals and $w_{{ij}}$'s are weights. This estimator can achive bounded total influence with positive breakdown by choice of weights $w_{{ij}}$. In this paper, we consider a more general type of dispersion function than that of D(.beta.) and propose a pairwise GM-estimator based on the dispersion function. Under some regularity conditions, the proposed estimator has a bounded influence function, a high breakdown point, and asymptotically a normal distribution. Results of a small-sample Monte Carlo study are also presented. presented.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.831-839
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• 2006

By relaxing the requirements for a sequence of functions to be a delta sequence, a space of Boehmians on the torus ${\beta}(T^d)$ is constructed and studied. The space ${\beta}(T^d)$ contains the space of distributions as well as the space of hyperfunctions on the torus. The Fourier transform is a continuous mapping from ${\beta}(T^d)$ onto a subspace of Schwartz distributions. The range of the Fourier transform is characterized. A necessary and sufficient condition for a sequence of Boehmians to converge is that the corresponding sequence of Fourier transforms converges in $D'({\mathbb{R}}^d)$.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1978

For testing $\beta_i=\beta, i=1,...,k$, in the regression model $Y_{ij} = \alpha_i + \beta_ix_{ij} + e_{ij}, j=1,...,n_i$, a simple and robust test based on Kendall's tau is proposed. Its asymptotic distribution is proved to be chi-square under the null hypthesis and noncentral chi-square under an appropriate sequence of alternatives. For the optimal designs, the asymptotic relative efficiency of the proposed procedure with respect to the least squares procedure is the same as that of the Wilcoxon test with respect to the t-test.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.349-358
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• 1998

Consider the AR(1) model $X_{t}$=$\beta$ $X_{t-1}$+$\varepsilon$$_{t}$ where $\beta$ < 1 is an unknown parameter to be estimated and {$\varepsilon$$_{t}$} denotes the independent and identically distributed error terms with unknown common distribution function F. In this paper, a strong representation for the least absolute deviation (LAD) estimate of $\beta$ in AR(1) models is obtained under some mild conditions on F. on F.F.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.379-389
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• 2002

For two normal distribution with unknown means and unknown variances, a sequential procedure for estimating the difference of two normal means which satisfies both the coverage probability condition and the $\beta$-protection is proposed under some smoothness of variable imprecision function, and the asymptotic normality of the proposed stopping time after some centering and scaling is given.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

${\beta}$-SiC powders were synthesized by a carbothermal reduction process using $SiO_2$-C precursors fabricated by a sol-gel process using phenol resin and TEOS as starting materials for carbon and Si sources, respectively. The C/Si molar ratio was selected as an important parameter for synthesizing SiC powders using a sol-gel process, and the effects of the C/Si molar ratio (1.4-3.0) on the particle size, particle size distribution, and yield of the synthesized ${\beta}$-SiC powders were investigated. It was found that (1) the particle size of the synthesized ${\beta}$-SiC powders decreased with an increase in the C/Si molar ratio in the $SiO_2$-C hybrid precursors, (2) the particle size distribution widened with an increase in the C/Si molar ratio, and (3) the yield of the ${\beta}$-SiC powder production increased with an increase in the C/Si molar ratio.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2012

We characterized the cytoskeletal beta-actin (${\beta}$-ACT) gene (actb) and its 5'-upstream regulatory region in the Javanese ricefish Oryzias javanicus. The gene and protein structures were deduced from amino acid sequences of the actb gene and conserved in the teleost lineage. The O. javanicus actb gene has common transcription factor binding motifs in its regulatory region found in teleostean orthologues. Following quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, actb gene transcripts were detected in all tissues examined; however, the basal expression levels were different. During early development, O. javanicus actb mRNA levels showed a gradual increase and peaked between late somitogenesis and the heartbeat stage. Microinjection of O. javanicus embryos with the actb gene promoter-driven red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene reporter vector showed a ubiquitous distribution of RFP signals, although most exhibited a mosaic pattern of transgene expression. A small number of microinjected embryos displayed a wide distribution of RFP signals over their entire body, which resembled the expression pattern of endogenous actb. Data from this study provide a basis to develop a transgenic system with ubiquitous expression of foreign genes in O. javanicus.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.8
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• pp.1-17
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• 1997

Prandtl's mixing length theory was modified to obtain a power velocity distribution in which the coefficient and the exponent are variable over a range from : $$ A simple suspended-sediment concentration distribution was developed from the modified velocity distribytion : $ With nominal values of $\beta$=1.0, $\kappa$=0.4 and visual accumulation tube values of the fall velocity, the comparison between the theory and field measurements by the USGS on the Rio Grande is fair. Doubling the value of the exponent results in a good comparison. Further researches are needed for choosing the values of $\beta$, $\kappa$, and fall velocity values, and consideration on the effects of large-scale turbulence and secondary flows are necessary for them. In a pragmatic sense, on any gaging sites the close analysis of very detailed measurements can establish its specific coefficient and exponent.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2001

Shanmugam(1991) generalized the Poisson distribution to capture a restriction on the incidence rate $\theta$ (i.e. $\theta$ ＜ $\beta$, an unknown upper limit), and named it incidence rate restricted Poisson (IRRP) distribution. Using Neyman's C($\alpha$) concept, Shanmugam then devised a hypothesis testing procedure for $\beta$ when $\theta$ remains unknown nuisance parameter. Shanmugam's C ($\alpha$) based .results involve inverse moments which are not easy tools, This article presents an alternate testing procedure based on likelihood ratio concept. It turns out that likelihood ratio test statistic offers more power than the C($\alpha$) test statistic. Numerical examples are included.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.661-670
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• 2006

The utilization of simulation has been limited in planning construction process because it is difficult to collect data and build a model using simulation method. This study collects construction operation data and analyzes the characteristics of its distribution. Through the statistical analysis on the empirical data, this study identifies Beta distribution functions is one of the most proper in duplicating the characteristics of construction equipment operation data into a computer simulation. The information obtained in this study can support preparing input data for another simulation.