• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.507-512
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• 1992

A ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$ of soybean (Glycine max) was isolated, and the effects of benzyladenine(BA) on celluar levels of the enzyme content and activity were studied. The effects of BA on callose content in cell wall and wall regeneration of protoplasts were also studied to show promoting effect of cytokinin in cell wall regeneration and to elucidate action mode of cytokinin. The polypeptide of 21 kD was identified as ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$, and the cellular content and activity of this polypeptide were decreased by BA treatment. The callose content in cell wall of callus and the wall regeneration of protoplasts were increased by BA treatment. These results indicate that cytokinin promotes cell wall regeneration by inhibition of callose degradation via decreasing ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$ level in cell.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1996

The role of Ca2+ on benzyladenine (BA)-induced senescence retardation in mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) primary leaves was investigated. When an extracellular calcium chelator, ethylene glycol-bis-($\beta$-aminoethylether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) together with BA, was applied to senescing leaves for 4 days of dark incubation, the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein decreased rapidly. And, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), known to be a degradation product of membrane lipids, increased compared with the BA alone control. The BA-EGTA combination also caused the stimulation of protease and RNase activity and a rapid loss of catalase activity owing to the decling of BA effects. In the case of treatment with only intracellular calcium antagonist 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino) octyl ester (TMB-8) without the BA addition, the chlorophyll content at day 4 after dark incubation decreased in paralled with the increasing concentration of the antagonist. In addition, the chlorophyll content at 10-5 M calcium ionophore A23187 treatment in the absence of BA was similar to that of the BA alone treatment. These results suggest that calcium may mediate the retardation effect of BA on leaf senescence by acting as a second messenger and that the calcium input from cell organelles, as well as the calcium inflow from intercellular spaces and cell walls, may be involved in modulating cytosolic calcium levels related to BA action.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.510-515
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• 2006

The influence of $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA) on in vitro growth, chlorophyll, rubisco and rubisco activase were studied in tobacco. After 11 weeks of treatment of various concentrations of BA, the most pronounced effect on in vitro growth and chlorophyll was found at 2 ${\mu}M$ BA. Rubisco content increased with increasing concentrations of BA, but a point at 2 ${\mu}M$ BA was reached beyond which increasing concentrations of BA cause inhibition of this enzyme. Rubisco activity showed patterns of change similar to rubisco content. These data suggest that rubisco activity was associated with an amount of rubisco protein. Under the assumption that effects of BA on rubisco may be related to by rubisco activase, in addition to, its content and activity were determined. The rubisco activase content at 2 ${\mu}M$ BA was more increased than other treatments. A similar change pattern was also observed in activity of rubisco activase. These results suggest that the effects of the activation of rubisco by BA seem to be related with rubisco activase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.745-749
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effect of cytokinin ($N^6$-benzyladenine; BA) and/or an IAA on ethylene production of maize (Zea mays) primary roots. When the two hormones were applied exogenously, both hormones synergistically increased ethylene production, which was greater than the sum of the level of each hormone's effect. For example, the ethylene production was stimulated between about 87% and 170% of the control by $10^{-4}\;M$ BA with $10^{-4}\;M$ IAA for 8 hours respectively, whereas the ethylene production was increased by about 480% of the control when the two hormones were treated simultaneously. Such a synergistic effect was also found in changes in the activity and gene expression level of ACC synthase. However, in the case of ACC oxidase did not show any observable effects. Based on our results, it is possible to conclude that BA and IAA stimulated the ethylene production synergistically by affecting the ACC synthase in maize roots.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 1986

Developmental changes of chlorophyll-protein (CP)-complex and plastid membrane proteins during the greening of rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons were examined in order to investigate the effect of benzymladenine (BA) on plastid development. The formation of CP-complexes was slightly promoted by BA treatment in early greening stage, at 24 h and 48 h after illumination. However, BA inhibited the development of CP-complexes at 72 h after illumination. On the profiles of plastid membrane proteins with greening time, it was found that the 24 kd protein was increased and the 56 kd protein was decreased in both water control and BA-treated cotyledons. However, the above two traits were retarded under BA treatment, respectively. From the obtained result, plastid development of rape cotyledon during greening was partially affected by interaction between light and BA dependent on its physiological age.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 1994

Benzyladenine(BA) and Diphenylurea(DPU) at 10ppm level were foliar-applied one to three times at an interval of 10 days from heading stage of rice variety, Dongjinbyeo. One time treatment of both cytokinins did not delayed leaf senescence substantially, but consecutive treatments of two to three times markedly retarded leaf senescence. Leaf senescence retarding effects were greater in BA than DPU. Ripened grain ratio, grain weight and grain yield were not improved by the treatments. BA treatments increased the percentage of green and white belly kernels with no effects on opaque and white core kernels. BA and DPU treatments did not altered amylose content, but BA treatments significantly decreased protein content of polished rice. Consecutive treatments of BA and DPU twice or three times at an interval of 10 days from heading increased oil content by 30 to 78% as compared to non-treated control, but one time treatment at any stage did not enhance it of polished rice. Fatty acid composition was slightly altered in favor of unsaturated fatty acid by BA and DPU treatments.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2020

This experiment study aimed to identify the continuous genetic variation caused by benzyladenine (BA) treatment in strawberry tissue culture. The 'Goha' cultivar was used and treated with different concentrations of BA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg·L^-1). Morphological and genetic variation tests were performed, and genetic continuity tests were performed for three years. The morphological variation induced by BA was distinctively high (10.5 ~ 20.0%) and the genetic variation was 7.0 ~ 15.0%, 1.8 ~ 10.0%, and 5.0% in the first, second, and third year of cultivation, respectively. The rate of genetic variation decreased with increasing cultivation years. In addition, genetic variation caused by BA 1.0 mg·L^-1 and BA 2.0 mg·L^-1 occurred in the first and second years of cultivation, whereas only BA 2.0 mg·L^-1 caused genetic variation in the third year of cultivation. Therefore, a concentration of less than 1.0 mg·L^-1 BA was used for the propagation of strawberry tissue culture plants, and it was necessary to identify their variation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

The effect of benzyladenine (BA) on lipid peroxidation and compositions of total insoluble proteins and chloroplast thylakoid protein from wheat primary leaves during senescence in the dark was studied. BA ($10^{-5}\;M$) treatment prevented conspicuously the loss of chlorophyll content and soluble and insoluble leaf protein contents in senescing wheat leaf segments during 4-day dark incubation. Under the BA treatment, especially, the level of insoluble protein was highly maintained than that of soluble protein. Also, the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA: the peroxidation product of membrane lipids) content was inhibited in the BA treated leaves. Three major polypeptide bands in quantity corresponding to 57, 26 and 12 KD molecular weight were clearly resolved with other minor bands by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the insoluble protein fraction. The insoluble protein profiles of the control leaves showed a remarkable decrease in the intensity of the 57 and 12 KD band except for 26 KD band in the 72 h dark incubation. This loss during dark incubation was reduced by BA treatment. More than 20 polypeptides were resolved in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane fraction with the most prominent bands which are 59 and 57 KD ($\alpha\;and\;\beta$ subunit of coupling factor: CF) and 26 KD (apoprotein of LHCP). The changes in thylakoid protein profile during 72 h dark incubation showed the rapid degradation in control, but this degradation was prevented in quantity by BA treatment. The above results suggested that BA would inhibit the peroxidation of membrane lipids, thereby preventing the loss of membrane proteins which led to the maintenance of the membrane integrity including chloroplast thylakoid.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.300-304
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• 1987

Effects of benzyladenine (BA) on viability, cell wall regeneration and division of soybean (Glycine max, Var. Acme) protoplasts isolated from suspension cells of cotyledonary callus were investigated. The uptake of BA by the protoplasts was also studied. BA increased protoplast viability, and promoted cell wall regeneration and cell division. The level of BA in protoplasts was increased to a maximum at about 20 hour incubation and 2/3 of the total amount of BA accumulated in protoplast was absorbed within 6 hours.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 1981

This study was conducted to define the effect of 2.4-D, NAA, Benzyladenine, and basic mediums on the callus induction and the organ differentiation from the meristem tips and the stem and leaf segments of the potato. Benzyladenine promoted the induction and growth of shoot from the meristem tip of potato but inhibited initiation of roots and induction of callus. At higher concentration of NAA than 0.5 ppm and of 2.4-D than 1.0 ppm the shoots were not initiated but the callus was induced from the meristem. The callus growth was significantly promoted on the medium containing NAA than 2.4-0. The initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem was significantly increased in the medium containing 2.4-D and BA, or NAA and BA, compared with those containing BA, NAA or 2.4-D alone. The callus was more easily induced from the stem segments than the leaf segments of potato. And the 2.4-D was more effective for the induction and growth of the callus than the NAA. MS medium diluted its concentration to 1/2 was more suitable for the initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem than the MS standard medium. For the initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem, the most desirable medium was the diluted MS medium containing 1.0 ppm BA and 0.1 ppm NAA or 0.1 ppm 2.4-D.