• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2004

Determination of some PAHs in ambient air at Ulsan have been carried out by collection of the components into n-hexane followed by synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. 10 PAHs, such as acenaphthene (Ace), anthracene (Anth), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFt), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFt) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), chrysene (Chry), phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthene (Ft), perlyrene (Per), and pyrene (Pyr) in air samples were able to determine separately by synchronous spectrofluorimetry. Calibration curves for those components were linear for the concentration range of 0.2∼166ppb PAHs with the correlation factor of 0.9985∼0.9999. The predominant contribution was phenanthrene which was included 36.9∼85.1% to the overall level of the 10 PAHs in some areas. Also benzo[a]pyrene which was known to carcinogenicity was detected from 6.4 to 55.8ng/㎥, benzo[a]anthracene of some areas was contained from 21.9∼153ng/㎥.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2006

Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A) gene expression in the liver and sex steroid levels in plasma were investigated in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to tributyltin (TBT) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). We constructed a cDNA library and cloned a 230-base sequence encoding partial CYP1A DNA. The CYP1A gene expression level was estimated using northern blotting. Hepatic CYP1A mRNA levels in fish injected with BaP at 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) increased for 48 h after injection. However, fish injected with both BaP and TBT at 10 mg/kg b.w. showed no significant changes in CYP1A mRNA level after 48 h. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and $17{\beta}$-estradiol were not significantly different in males and females injected with BaP and TBT. We suggest that TBT-induced suppression of BaP bioactivity should be interpreted with caution in biomonitoring field studies.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.414-421
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• 1998

In order to compare the suppressive effect of quercetin and its glycosides, such as quercitrin (quercetin-3-rhamnoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside), hyperin (querceti n-3-galactoside)and rutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside), on the genotocicity by benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P), in vitro sister chromatid exchange(SCE) test using mouse spleen lymphocytes and in vivo micronucleus test using mouse peripheral blood were performed. B(a)P-induced SCEs in vitro were slightly decreased by the simultaneous treatment of quercetin and its glycosides, although there was no significant decrease. On the other hand, MNU induced micronucleated reticulocytes(MNRL7s) in vivo were significantly decreased with a dose-dependent manner in all compounds tested. However, there were no differences between quercetin aglycone and glycosides in the suppressive effects under experimental condition of this study. To elucidate, the action mechanism of quercetin aglycone and its glycosides against B(a)P-induced genotoxicity, the assay of DNA binding with B(a)P was studied. Quercetin aglycone and its glycosides inhibited B(a)P metabolism in the presence of S-9 mix and decreased the B(a)P/DNA binding in the calf thymus DNA with S-9 mix. These results suggest that antigenotoxicity of quercetin antiglycosides on B(a)P-induced genotoxicity is due to decrease of DNA binding with B(a)P through the inhibition of metabolism with B(a)P in the calf thymus DNA. Therefore, quercetin and its glycosides may act as an antigenotoxicity agent and may be useful as a chemopreventive agent of polycyclic aromaic hydrocarbons like B(a)P.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 1996

Chromosomal aberration tests in vitro using Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells were carried out to evaluate the possible role of the MeOH extract of Ecklonia stolonifera in modulating the chromosomal damage induced by Mitomycin C(MMC) and Benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P), respectively. The MeOH extract of Ecklonia stolonifera(260$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) reduced significantly the incidence of chromosomal aberration induced by treatment with B(a)P by 80%. The suppressive effect was much stronger than that of $\beta$-carotene, which is well known antimu-tagen. However, there was no marked decrease in the chromosomal aberration induced by MMC. In the tests involving chromosomal aberration induced by the treatment of the MeOH extract of Exklonia stlolnifera alone, there was no significant increase in comparison with the negative control. The results would seem to indicate that. at least under the conditions examined, the MeOH extract of Ecklonis stolonifera decreased the chromosomal aberrations induced by B(a)P in the CHL cells, but had little effect on the chromosomal aberration induced by MMC.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 1999

In vitro effects of acetone on cytochrome P450 (P450)-dependent benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) hydroxylation supported by cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH) or NADPH/$O_2 $ systems were studied using 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rat liver microsomes. The maximal rate of B(a)P hydroxylation at constant concentration ($80\;{\mu}M)$ of the substrate was observed in the presence of $30\;{\mu}M$ CuOOH. However, at concentrations higher than $30\;{\mu}M$ CuOOH the hydroxylation rates were rapidly decreased. In contrast to CuOOH, at a concentration of $200\;{\mu}M$ NADPH, B(a)P hydroxylation rate reached a plateau. At concentrations higher than $200\;{\mu}M$ NADPH, the rates of substrate hydroxylation were maintained at the maximal rate with no inhibition. Acetone at 1% (v/v) enhanced both CuOOH- and NADPH/$O_2$-supported B(a)P hydroxylation at the optimal concentrations of the cofactors. At concentrations higher than 1% (v/v) acetone, substrate hydroxylation was sterero specific under the support of these two cofactors; it was strongly enhanced with $30\;{\mu}M$ CuOOH, but rather inhibited in the $200\;{\mu}M$> NADPH/$0_2 $ system. The lipid peroxidation rate induced during CuOOH-supported P450-dependent B(a)P hydroxylation was increased as CuOOH concentrations were increased. Acetone in the concentration range of 2.5~7.5%(v/v) inhibited lipid peroxidation during CuOOH supported B(a)P hydroxylation. The finding that CuOOH-supported B(a)P hydroxylation is greatly enhanced by acetone suggests that acetone may contribute more to the activation of oxygen (for the insertion of oxygen into the substrate) in the presence of CuOOH than with NADPH/$O_2$. Acetone may also contribute to the partial inhibition of destruction of microsomal membranes by lipid peroxidation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

The effects of Cnidium officinale Makino aqua-acupuncture solution (COMAS) and Cnidium officinale Makino water-extraced solution (COMWS) on the CYP1A1 activity and benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)-DNA adduct formation were examined. There were 6.8%, 12.1%, 15.1%, 18.3% and 22.6% inhibition in the activity of cytochrome 4501A1 enzyme with the treatment of $0.1{\times},\;0.5{\times},\;1{\times},\;3{\times},\;and\;5{\times}$ COMAS, respectively. At concentration of $0.1{\times}$ COMAS, the binding of $[^3H]B[a]P$ metabolites to DNA of NCTC-clone 1469 cell was significantly inhibited by 56.9%. These results suggest that COMAS has chemopreventive potential by inhibiting cytochrome P4501A1 activity and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

Determination of some PAHs in sediments at Ulsan bay has been carried out by extraction of the components into n-hexane followed by synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. 11 PAHs, such as acenaphthene (Ace), anthracene (Anth), benz(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbFt), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkFt) benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), chrysene (Chry), phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthene(Ft), perlyrene (Per), and pyrene (Pyr) in sediment samples were able to determine separately by synchronous spectrofluorimetry. Calibration curves for those components were linear for the concentration range of 0.15~166 ppb PAHs with the correlation factor of 0.9985~0.9999. The total amount of PAHs in sediments varied from 68.8 to 324.4 ng/g. The PAHs concentration was shown a tendency to increase from the outer bay to the inner basin as well the predominant contributors to the aromatic ring groups of the PAHs was 4-ring group.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.2 s.49
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• pp.161-165
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to find the possible protective effects of Angelica koreana water extract on biochemical parameters in benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)-induced liver injury in rats. B(a)P treatment (0.1 mg/kg, 1.p.) caused a liver damages, which led to biochemical alterations in serum and liver enzyme activities and serum lipid levels. The activities of liver marker enzymes, especially, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were markedly changed in B(a)P treatment. Oral administration of Angelica koreana (50 mg/kg) recovered these biochemical Parameters to near normal levels. Therefore, the present results have revealed that Angelica koreana water extract might have the antihepatotoxic effect and consequently ameliorate liver damage associated with B(a)P in rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.425-431
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• 2018

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a principal component of cigarette smoke. B[a]P can cause lung carcinogenesis and plays a key role in lung cancer progression. The role of B[a]P has been reported in lung cancer, but its effects on lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) have not been investigated. Emerging evidence indicates that CSCs are associated with carcinogenesis, tumor initiation, relapse, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting CSCs to defeat cancer is a challenging issue in the clinic. This study explored whether B[a]P alters gene expression in lung cancer cells and CSCs. The lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line was used to investigate the role of B[a]P on lung cancer cells and lung CSCs using microarray and quantitative PCR. B[a]P ($1{\mu}M$) provoked gene expression changes in A549 cancer cells and CSCs by deregulating numerous genes. Gene pathway analysis was performed using GeneMANIA and GIANT. We identified genes that were coexpressed and showed physical interactions. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of B[a]P in lung cancer and cancer stem cells and can be an attractive therapeutic target.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent and commonly detected in marine ecosystem. They coexist with a various contaminants including heavy metals in real environment, but most studies have been still focused on single effects of these contaminants to aquatic organisms. In this study, the single and combined effects of benzy[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and HgCl₂ were investigated in the brackish water flea, Diaphanosoma celebensis. For combined effect study, three mixtures A (3:7), B (5:5), and C (7:3) of benzy[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and HgCl₂ were determined by 48 h - LC₅₀ values of single exposure. Combined effects of both chemicals were estimated by concentration addition (CA) model and independent action (IA) model. As results, 48 h - LC₅₀ values of benzy[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and HgCl₂ was 25.75 ㎍ l^-1 and 3.6 ㎍ l^-1, respectively. TU values of mixture A, B, and C were 1.06, 0.83, and 0.96, respectively, indicating additive effects of mixtures using CA model. This study will be helpful as basic data for understanding the combined effects of contaminants in marine environment.