• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find the determinant variables to make profitability in regional public hospitals. The data come from financial statements and annual reports of 34 regional public hospitals for five years (from year 2003 to year 2007). The T or F-test and hierarchical multiple regression analysis are used. The dependant variables are the profitability indicators, ordinary income to total asset and operating margin to gross revenue, and the independent variables are general characteristics, diagnosis and treatment patterns, financial and public benefits. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, Variables affecting the profitability indexes revealed from DEA results is the bed occupancy rate, number of hospitalized patients to outpatients, ratio of first medical examination for outpatients, number of daily patients per medical specialist, labor cost per patient and managerial expenses per patient. Second, the ordinary income to total asset representing the asset usage performance is affected by the average hospitalized days, bed occupancy rate, labor cost per patient and ratio of patients with medical insurance coverage. Third, the operating martin to gross revenue obtained from the actual operations of hospitals has its significance with the bed occupancy rate, number of hospitalized patients to outpatients, managerial expenses per patient and public benefit indicator. This study has some restriction not to use pannel data analysis, although it used data for five years. Accordingly, various additional studies should be done to supplement such problems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.324-327
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• 2008

This research seeks to investigate the economic feasibility of a small size aircraft development and BASA certification enterprise. To achieve the objective, this research investigates cost which requires for proceeding a small size aircraft development and BASA certification enterprise. This research also investigates the economic effects and economic benefits acquired from exporting civil aircraft. Costs and benefits are assumed using cash flow by types of airplanes. On the basis of the cash flow, this research calculates B/C ratio, NPV, IRR for investigating the economic feasibility. The result shows that there are economic feasibility for both very light jet and piston aircraft. Between these two aircraft types, more economic feasibility exist for very light jet than piston aircraft.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.392-402
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• 2009

Objectives : The aims of this paper were to develop the composite deprivation index (CDI) for the sub-district (Eup-Myen-Dong) levels based on the theory of social exclusion and to explore the relationship between the CDI and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Methods : The paper calculated the age adjusted SMR and we included five dimensions of social exclusion for CDI; unemployment, poverty, housing, labor and social network. The proxy variables of the five dimensions were the proportion of unemployed males, the percent of recipients receiving National Basic Livelihood Security Act benefits, the proportion of households under the minimum housing standard, the proportion of people with a low social class and the proportion of single-parent household. All the variables were standardized using geometric transformation and then we summed up them for a single index. The paper utilized the 2004-2006 National Death Registry data, the 2003-2006 national residents' registration data, the 2005 Population Census data and the 2005-2006 means-tested benefit recipients' data. Results : The figures were 115.6, 105.8 and 105.1 for the CDI of metropolitan areas (big cities), middle size cities and rural areas, respectively. The distributional variation of the CDI was the highest in metropolitan areas (8.9 - 353.7) and the lowest was in the rural areas (26.8 - 209.7). The extent and relative differences of deprivation increased with urbanization. Compared to the Townsend and Carstairs index, the CDI better represented the characteristics of rural deprivation. The correlation with the SMR was statistically significant and the direction of the CDI effects on the SMR was in accordance with that of the previous studies. Conclusions : The study findings indicated mortality inequalities due to the difference in the CDI. Despite the attempt to improve deprivation measures, further research is warranted for the consensus development of a deprivation index.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2006

Breast cancer may be the consequence of free radical damage, which is partially caused by the excessive intake of dietary fat and imbalances in antioxidant scavenger system;. In this experiment, we examined! the effects of dietary peroxidizability index (PI) values on hepatic thiobmbituric acid reaction substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[$\alpha$]anthracene (DMBA). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and 7,12-DMBA (20 mg/kg body weight) was gastrically intubated at seven weeks of age in order to induce mammary tumors (MT). The levels of dietary PI were 36, 81, 126 and 217 (LPI, MLPI, MHPI and HPI), while dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio was maintained at the same level (1.0). Fat used in the experiment was mixed with soybean oil, com oil, palm oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, fish oil, and beef tallow. Experimental diets were given for the following 20 weeks. We measured tumor numbers and weights, and then assayed the hepatic TBARS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). The incidence of Mr was the lowest in the MHPI group. The hepatic TBARS level was significantly raised with increasing dietary PI value. The hepatic SOD and GR activities were differed significantly by dietary PI value. The hepatic SOD activity was negatively correlated with dietary PI value and GR activity was the highest in the rats fed the MHPI diet. When the dietary P/S ratio is kept at 1.0, adequate dietary PI value (PI value of 126) may reduce the incidence and growth of Mr, but this benefit may be lost with higher dietary PI value. These results suggest that the awareness of dietary PI values may help to decrease breast cancer incidence and growth.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2016

This paper examines whether the pension systems of the western countries which was traditionally classified into the Beveridgean and Bismarckian pension regime will converge after recent pension reforms in the financial sustainability and adequacy perspective by comparing between UK, Germany and Sweden. As a result of pension reforms for the last 20 years, the gap between the Beveridgean and Bismarckian pension regime will be likely to decrease and, in particular, the tendency to convergency in adequacy is found. Even though it is not jumped to a conclusion that public pension expenditure between the three countries is likely to converge, the tendency to convergency in financial sustainability is also found if the difference of demographic aging between countries is considered. The paper suggests that it is necessary to make agreement between the range of pension expenditure and replacement ratio that western countries suggest in pension debate in Korea, instead of hitherto useless controversy between financial sustainability and adequacy.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1689-1697
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three kinds of organic acid (OA) products on the growth performance, intestinal characteristics and morphology, and cecal microflora in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal meal diet. Methods: A total of 420 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers with an average initial body weight of 49.11±1.02 g were used in this 42-day experiment. Birds were randomly allotted to one of five treatments (7 replicates with 12 birds per replicate). Treatments consisted of negative control (NC), basal diet; positive control (PC), basal diet+100 mg/kg of Aviramycin; OA1, basal diet+500 mg/kg of OA product 1; OA2, basal diet+1,000 mg/kg of OA product 2; and OA3, basal diet+1,200 mg/kg of OA product 3. Results: The results indicated that OA product addition had no effect on growth performance parameters, such as body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, from days 1 to 14, 15 to 28, and 0 to 42, or on the pH values of the intestine, intestinal weight, or intestinal weight to body weight ratio. The intestinal morphology in terms of villus height and crypt depth were affected by dietary supplementation of OA products, respectively. Furthermore, dietary addition of OAs had positive influences on the maintenance of the cecal microflora based on the results of 16S rRNA analysis. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of three kinds of OA products all benefit broilers, but the mode of action may be different. This study provides a basis for the application of OA products used in the poultry industry.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2010

Melanin concentrating hormone is a neuropeptide highly expressed in the brain that regulates several physiological functions mediated by receptors in the G-protein coupled receptor family, especially plays an important role in the complex regulation of energy balance and body weight mediated by the melanin concentrating hormone receptor subtype 1 (MCH1). Compelling pharmacological evidence implicating MCH1 signaling in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure has generated a great deal of interest by pharmaceutical companies as MCH1 antagonists may have potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although fluorescence-based calcium mobilization assay platform has been one of the most widely accepted tools for receptor research and drug discovery, fluorescence interference and shallow assay window limit their application in high throughput screening and have led to a growing interest in alternative, luminescence-based technologies. Herein, a luminescence-based functional assay system for the MCH1 receptor was developed and validated with the mitochondrial targeted aequorin. Aequorin based functional assay system for MCH1 presented excellent Z' factor (0.8983) and high signal-to-noise ratio (141.9). The nonpeptide MCH1 receptor antagonist, SNAP 7941 and GSK 803430, exhibited $IC_{50}$ values of 0.62 ${\pm}$ 0.11 and 12.29 ${\pm}$ 2.31 nM with excellent correlation coefficient. These results suggest that the aequorin based assay system for MCH1 is a strong alternative to the traditional GPCR related tools such as radioligand binding experiments and fluorescence functional determinations for the compound screening and receptor research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1994

This study was conducted to compare the of rearing native and cross-bred dairy cows and returns received from them. For this purpose, 144 cows of 132 household from 24 villages were randomly selected. of them, 96 were native cows and 48 were cross-bred cows. The study revealed that among the structure of cost components, labour charge occupied the major share in the total cost of milk production per litre. The total cost of rearing native and cross-bred cows was Tk. 14,155 and Tk. 19,854 per annum, respectively. The average net cost of milk production per litre was Tk. 14.12 for native cows and Tk. 0.52 and for cross-bred cows were Taka 3.40. The benefit-cost ratio of milk per litre was higher (1:1.33) in cross-bred cows than native ones (1:1.04). The study further showed that in comparing with bulk line cost, the price of milk per litre received by the farmers was higher in cross-bred cows than native cows. Therefore, the study recommends dairying with cross-bred cows as encouraging and viable commercial enterprise in Banfladesh.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.136-142
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• 2012

Thermodynamic equations for the electric power and temperature in a turbo expander generator (TEG) using pressure energy in a natural gas line are derived. From the equations, it was shown that dominant factor is not the pressure difference but the pressure ratio. The high energy level in the inlet of TEG can be made from nearly no expense of electric energy input, which means TEG can be treated as one of newly available clean energy source. If a post heating method is chosen to heat up expanded natural gas, the usage of cold energy is possible without a refrigeration cycle. The combined TEG and refrigeration system enhances economic benefit much more.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2010

This study is aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of the selective breeding program on the Oliver flounder aquaculture. First of all, in order to evaluate this program, we review the concept and research trend on the selective breeding. The objective of this research is the selective breeding program on the Oliver flounder aquaculture in the Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI. It was conducted to investigated economic effects of three factors of the selective breeding program on the Oliver flounder aquaculture such as fast growth, disease resistance and increase exports. The results of economic analysis of the selective breeding program on the Oliver flounder aquaculture are as follows; First, there were the significant meaning of the economic effects on the technology of the selective breeding program by fast growth, disease resistance and increase exports. Second, we analyzed in the economic feasibility of the selective breeding program on the Oliver flounder aquaculture from 2004 to 2020, internal rate of return(IRR) was 419%, a benefit-cost ratio was shown to be 24.92, net present value(NPV) was 989,942,464 thousand won, which indicates the economic feasibility of the selective breeding program is very high. Finally, in order to improve the economic feasibility, there is need to be focused on the efficient the selective breeding program on the Oliver flounder aquaculture.