• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.9A
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• pp.931-939
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• 2007

This paper describes the system which automatically generates instruction-set simulators cores using the SMDL. SMDL describes structure and instruction-set information of a target DSP machine. Analyzing behavioral information of each pipeline stage of all instructions on a target ASIPS, the proposed system automatically generates a cycle-accurate instruction set simulator in C++ for a target processor. The proposed system has been tested by generating instruction-set simulators for ARM9E-S, ADSP-TS20x, and TMS320C2x architectures. Experiments were performed by checking the functions of the $4{\times}4$ matrix multiplication, 16-bit IIR filter, 32-bit multiplication, and the FFT using the generated simulators. Experimental results show the functional accuracy of the generated simulators.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.439-452
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• 2008

This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns of generally healthy Korean middle-aged women and to examine associations of the dietary patterns with socio-demographic, psychological, and physical characteristics. Data were drawn from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which is an ongoing national surveillance system. Healthy female subjects aged 40-64 years and provided the health interview examination and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were included. We conducted factor analysis based on daily mean intake frequency of 26 food groups and identified 3 major dietary patterns, healthy, convenient, and alcohol-animal. The healthy pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fish, seafood, poultry, mushroom, seaweed, vegetable, tomato, potato, and fruit, the convenient pattern by processed meat and fish, ramen, noodle and rice cake, sweet snack, egg, bread, and fast food, and the alcohol-animal pattern by alcohol, poultry, meat, and fish. The healthy pattern was significantly related with higher socio-economic status, more stable family structure, healthier mentality, and sounder status of anthropometric and biochemical variables. Those with higher factor scores for the convenience pattern were found to be younger and having higher socio-economic status, higher subjective levels of health, and lower subjective levels of worry on health. Several physical characteristics significantly improved as the levels of the convenience pattern increased. The alcohol-animal pattern was significantly associated with several socio-demographic characteristics including a low education level, a young age, a small family size, and blue-collar jobs. Public health policy makers can utilize the study findings to select prior target populations with higher needs and to tailor dietary behavioral messages to lower chronic disease risks among Korean middle-aged women.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

While agricultural water has been declared free in Korea to ensure access to these limited resource since the year 2000, farmers have however developed lackadaisical behavior towards water saving leading to its scarcity. To overcome this problem, a variety of experience-oriented education model was developed for farmers to promote the adoption of water conservation, and preventive measure against the drought impacts. In this study, farmers' awareness and their attitudinal behavior of agricultural water savings were investigated. The monitoring of water supply structure and the repair facilities in Pohang and Yeongdeok areas were conducted. The field visits and behavioral surveys showed a high degree of over-use and illegal water withdrawals by the farmers due to poor water-saving and management practices. We found that most of the KRC employees strongly admitted the necessity of water-saving education. On the other hand, the farmers showed good interest in the implementation of water-saving awareness through education. Besides this, most farmers agreed to adopt water-saving practices in the fields. Farmers also acknowledged the recklessness of water use was due to the aging of waterways, poor water management, and illegal water consumption. The majority of the farmers responded against imposing the water-use tariffs. However, there was a low response to paying the water-use charge. Aging agricultural facilities and the lack of institutional penalties or incentives were the major obstacles in achieving efficient water-saving. Considering the current drought frequency, urgent water-saving education of farmers was deemed necessary to prepare the farming community against the water shortages. Based on the results of this study, we have to identify the irrigation practices of farmers and provide water-saving education to enforce more efficient use and management of agricultural water.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify recent domestic and international research trends regarding shoes carried out in biomechanics field and to suggest the direction of shoe research later. Method: To achieve this goal of research, the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Korea Education and Research Information Service and Korean Citation Index were searched to identify trends in 64 domestic and international research. Also, classified into the interaction of the human body, usability evaluation of functional shoes, smart shoe development research, and suggested the following are the suggestions for future research directions. Conclusion: A study for the coordination of muscle activity, control of motion and prevention of injury should be sought by developing shoes of eco-friendly materials, and scientific evidence such as physical aspects, materials, floor shapes and friction should be supported. Second, a study on elite athletes in various sports is needed based on functional shoes using new materials to improve their performance along with cooperation in muscle activities and prevention of injury. Third, various information and energy production are possible in real time through human behavioral information, and the application of Human Machine Interface (HMI) technology through shoe-sensor-human interaction should be explored.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2002

A 2-D median filter has many applications in various image and video signal processing areas. The rapid development in VLSI technology makes it possible to implement a real-time or near real-time 2-D median filter with reasonable cost. For the efficient VLSI implementation, the algorithm should have characteristics such as small memory requirements, regular computations, and local data transfers. This paper presents an architecture of the real-time two-dimensional separable median filter which has appropriate characteristics for the VLSI implementation. For the efficient two-dimensional median filter, a separable two-dimensional median filtering structure and a bit-sliced pipelined median searching algorithm are used. A behavioral simulator is implemented with C language and used for the analysis of the presented architecture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.317-328
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of ghrelin on memory impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods: Randomized controlled groups and the posttest design were used. We established the representative animal model of vascular dementia caused by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and administered $80{\mu}g/kg$ ghrelin intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. First, behavioral studies were performed to evaluate spatial memory. Second, we used molecular biology techniques to determine whether ghrelin ameliorates the damage to the structure and function of the white matter and hippocampus, which are crucial to learning and memory. Results: Ghrelin improved the spatial memory impairment in the Y-maze and Morris water maze test. In the white matter, demyelination and atrophy of the corpus callosum were significantly decreased in the ghrelin-treated group. In the hippocampus, ghrelin increased the length of hippocampal microvessels and reduced the microvessels pathology. Further, we confirmed angiogenesis enhancement through the fact that ghrelin treatment increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related protein levels, which are the most powerful mediators of angiogenesis in the hippocampus. Conclusion: We found that ghrelin affected the damaged myelin sheaths and microvessels by increasing angiogenesis, which then led to neuroprotection and improved memory function. We suggest that further studies continue to accumulate evidence of the effect of ghrelin. Further, we believe that the development of therapeutic interventions that increase ghrelin may contribute to memory improvement in patients with vascular dementia.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.139-150
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• 2021

Object orientation has become the predominant paradigm for conceptual modeling (e.g., UML), where the notions of class and object form the primitive building blocks of thought. Classes act as templates for objects that have attributes and methods (actions). The modeled systems are not even necessarily software systems: They can be human and artificial systems of many different kinds (e.g., teaching and learning systems). The UML class diagram is described as a central component of model-driven software development. It is the most common diagram in object-oriented models and used to model the static design view of a system. Objects both carry data and execute actions. According to some authorities in modeling, a certain degree of difficulty exists in understanding the semantics of these notions in UML class diagrams. Some researchers claim class diagrams have limited use for conceptual analysis and that they are best used for logical design. Performing conceptual analysis should not concern the ways facts are grouped into structures. Whether a fact will end up in the design as an attribute is not a conceptual issue. UML leads to drilling down into physical design details (e.g., private/public attributes, encapsulated operations, and navigating direction of an association). This paper is a venture to further the understanding of object-orientated concepts as exemplified in UML with the aim of developing a broad comprehension of conceptual modeling fundamentals. Thinging machine (TM) modeling is a new modeling language employed in such an undertaking. TM modeling interlaces structure (components) and actionality where actions infiltrate the attributes as much as the classes. Although space limitations affect some aspects of the class diagram, the concluding assessment of this study reveals the class description is a kind of shorthand for a richer sematic TM construct.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.424-431
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• 2021

This study explores fire prevention measures for single-person households on the phenomenon of an increase in single-person households due to changes in the family structure due to low birthrate and aging population, full marriage, non-marriage, separation, bereavement, and returning to farming villages, and increased flexibility in the labor market. The factor that affects the fire of single-person households is the residential environment problem at the structural level. In terms of behavior, there is an increase in fire occurrence due to the rearing of companion animals. In order to prevent fires in single-person households, safety regulations without exceptions are needed to improve the residential environment at the structural level. At the behavioral level, it is necessary to expand the prevention and safety guidance of related organizations. In addition, as a measure to prevent fire caused by companion animals, manufacturers of electric ranges should develop safety devices to prevent fires caused by companion animals, such as an automatic power-off device or power supply using a timer. It can also be an important means to create and distribute promotional videos of measures necessary to safely raise companion animals, or to develop and distribute disaster preparedness programs implemented in virtual reality.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

As the intense heat continues, many cases of highway pavement blow up and bridge expansion joints damages have been inspected. Especially, Expansion joint closure of bridges is an important problem that can threat the safety of the bridge structure or reduce long-term durability. This paper proposed a structural analysis method for bridges having expansion joint closure and structural analysis was performed to verify the effects according to bridge types. Analysis bridges were divided into four types: concrete and steel bridges, shallow and piled foundations. To induce the situation of abutments and bridge decks are jammed, the following loads were additionally considered; lateral flow pressure, pavement expansion by alkali-aggregate reaction, creep settlement of backfill. The structural analysis method was verified by comparing the structural analysis results with the actually measured joint gap data. In addition, behavioral analysis due to joint closure was conducted to confirm the change in safety ratio by type of superstructure as the axial force increased.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.405-417
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• 2023

The submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is tethered by mooring lines anchored to the seabed, therefore, the structural integrity of the anchor should be sensitively managed. Despite their importance, reaction forces cannot be simply measured by attaching sensors or load cells because of the structural and environmental characteristics of the submerged structure. Therefore, we propose an effective method for estimating the reaction forces at the seabed anchor of a submerged floating tunnel using a structural pattern model. First, a structural pattern model is established to use the correlation between tunnel motion and anchor reactions via a deep learning algorithm. Once the pattern model is established, it is directly used to estimate the reaction forces by inputting the tunnel motion data, which can be directly measured inside the tunnel. Because the sequential characteristics of responses in the time domain should be considered, the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm is mainly used to recognize structural behavioral patterns. Using hydrodynamics-based simulations, big data on the structural behavior of the SFT under various waves were generated, and the prepared datasets were used to validate the proposed method. The simulation-based validation results clearly show that the proposed method can precisely estimate time-series reactions using only acceleration data. In addition to real-time structural health monitoring, the proposed method can be useful for forensics when an unexpected accident or failure is related to the seabed anchors of the SFT.