• Title/Summary/Keyword: Beetle

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Anti-Diabetic Effects of Dung Beetle Glycosaminoglycan on db Mice and Gene Expression Profiling

  • Ahn, Mi Young;Kim, Ban Ji;Yoon, Hyung Joo;Hwang, Jae Sam;Park, Kun-Koo
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 2018
  • Anti-diabetes activity of Catharsius molossus (Ca, a type of dung beetle) glycosaminoglycan (G) was evaluated to reduce glucose, creatinine kinase, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in db mice. Diabetic mice in six groups were administrated intraperitoneally: Db heterozygous (Normal), Db homozygous (CON), Heuchys sanguinea glycosaminoglycan (HEG, 5 mg/kg), dung beetle glycosaminoglycan (CaG, 5 mg/kg), bumblebee (Bombus ignitus) queen glycosaminoglycan (IQG, 5 mg/kg) and metformin (10 mg/kg), for 1 month. Biochemical analyses in the serum were evaluated to determine their anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory actions in db mice after 1 month treatment with HEG, CaG or IQG treatments. Blood glucose level was decreased by treatment with CaG. CaG produced significant anti-diabetic actions by inhiting creatinine kinase and alkaline phosphatase levels. As diabetic parameters, serum glucose level, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased in CaG5-treated group compared to the controls. Dung beetle glycosaminoglycan, compared to the control, could be a potential therapeutic agent with anti-diabetic activity in diabetic mice. CaG5-treated group, compared to the control, showed the up-regulation of 48 genes including mitochondrial yen coded tRNA lysine (mt-TK), cytochrome P450, family 8/2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 (Cyp8b1), and down-regulation of 79 genes including S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100a9) and immunoglobulin kappa chain complex (Igk), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoenzymeAsynthase1 (Hmgcs1). Moreover, mitochondrial thymidine kinase (mt-TK), was up-regulated, and calgranulin A (S100a9) were down-regulated by CaG5 treatment, indicating a potential therapeutic use for anti-diabetic agent.

A Culture-Based Study of the Bacterial Communities within the Guts of Nine Longicorn Beetle Species and their Exo-enzyme Producing Properties for Degrading Xylan and Pectin

  • Park, Doo-Sang;Oh, Hyun-Woo;Jeong, Won-Jin;Kim, Hyang-Mi;Park, Ho-Yong;Bae, Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.394-401
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    • 2007
  • In this study, bacterial communities within the guts of several longicorn beetles were investigated by a culture-dependent method. A total of 142 bacterial strains were isolated from nine species of longicorn beetle, including adults and larvae. A comparison of their partial 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that most of the bacteria constituting the gut communities can typically be found in soil, plants and the intestines of animals, and approximately 10% were proposed as unreported. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the bacterial species comprised 7 phyla, and approximately half were Gammaproteobacteria. Actinobacteria were the second most populous group (19%), followed by Firmicutes (13%) and Alphaproteobacteria (11%). Betaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, and Acidobacteria were minor constituents. The taxonomic compositions of the isolates were variable according to the species of longicorn beetle. Particularly, an abundance of Actinobacteria existed in Moechotypa diphysis and Mesosa hirsute, which eat broadleaf trees; however, no Actinobacteria were isolated from Corymbia rubra and Monochamus alternatus, which are needle-leaf eaters. Considerable proportions of xylanase and pectinase producing bacteria in the guts of the longicorn beetles implied that the bacteria may play an important role in the digestion of woody diets. Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant xylanase producers in the guts of the beetles.

Study on the Manufacturing Technique of Steel-Plated Jewel Beetle's Adornment and Gilt-bronze Openwork Remains (철지비단벌레장식금동투조유물의 제작기법에 관한 연구)

  • Yong, Byoung-Ju;Kang, Jung-Moo;Kim, Soo-Ki
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.417-427
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    • 2010
  • This study is to examine the manufacturing technique based on scientific investigation and analysis on Steel-Plated Jewel Beetle's Adornment gilt-bronze openwork remains excavated from No. 100 site at Hwango-dong Gyeongju. As a result of the investigation on the manufacturing revealed that riveting was adopted to connect gilt-bronze openwork plates and steel plates, followed by mercury amalgam plating method and carving of the patterns by means of the dotted line engraving technique. There were some traces on the surface of Jewel Beetle wings that show the use of pins for fixing, which seems to be the result of recycling or processing. The sectional analysis shows the high possibilities that varnishing with lacquer was adopted for wing adhesion, and it was confirmed that varnishing with lacquer was used on the strap pendant plate to prevent corrosion.

Gene Manipulation of Pin 2(Proteinase Inhibitor II) to the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle(Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in Transgenic Poplar(Populus deltodies × P. nigra) (형질전환(形質轉換)된 포플러의 딱정벌레에 대한 저항성(抵抗性) 유전자(遺傳子)(Proteinase Inhibitor II) 발현(發現))

  • Kang, Hoduck
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.86 no.4
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    • pp.407-414
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    • 1997
  • The resistance of a non-transgenic poplar clone, 'Ogy' and three transgenic poplar lines to the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., was evaluated by in vitro feeding. The lines were transformed with neomycin phosphotransferase II(NPT II) as a selectable marker, proteinase inhibitor II(pin2) as a resistance gene, and CaMV 35S as a promoter. An efficient method of sterilizing the beetle eggs and introducing them into plant tissue cultures was developed. The resistance of the transgenic lines was investigated in terms of effects tin leaf area consumed, insect weight, insect developmental stages, and plantlet root dry weight after feeding. Also, leaf area consumed was examined by leaf age as measured through leaf plastochron index(LPI). The leaf area consumed and insect weight were highly significant between transformants and control, and insect development in vitro was significant among the transgenic lines. Larval infestation was the most severe around LPI 4 to 5 which were young leaves. The system provided a quick, highly controlled method to screen developing transgenic plantlets directly.

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Effects of Juvenile Hormone and Molting Hormone on Diapausing Adults of the Alder Leaf Beetle, Agelastica coerulea Baly (휴면중인 오리나무잎벌레 (Agelastica coerulea Baly) 성충에 미치는 유약호르몬과 탈피호르몬의 영향)

  • 최진우;부경생
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.258-264
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    • 1991
  • Studies were carried out to investigate effects of temperature and photoperiod on diapause induction and of juvenile hormone III and 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment on diapausing adults of the alder leaf beetle, Agelastica coerulea Baly(Chrγsomelidae: Coleoptera). Its life cycle and ovarian development in adults were also observed. The beetle had one year life cycle with egg, larval, pupal and adult periods being 7-10, 19-21, 14-15 days and about 10 months, r respectively. All adults showed a diapause syndrome when the larvae were reared at $20^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$ in combination of photoperiods of 16L/8D, 12L/12D, or 8L/16D. Their ovarioles did not s show any development of vitellogenesis before or during diapause and even when exposed at $15^{\circ}C$ after overwintering. When diapausing adults were treated with JH III they resumed feeding and laid several eggs and broke diapause condition temporally. But diapausing adults treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone did not show any response.

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Effects of brewer's spent grain on the growth and nutrition of the giant mealworm beetle, Zophobas atratus

  • Kim, Sun Young;Kim, Hong Geun;Lee, Kyeong Yong;Ko, Hyeon-Jin;Kim, Nam Jung;Yoon, Hyung Joo
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.73-81
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    • 2018
  • The giant mealworm beetle, Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a tropical beetle. As this beetle can be used as an ingredient in animal feed, the effects of brewer's spent grain (BSG) on the development and nutritional value of Z. atratus were investigated. As results, there were no significant differences on the larval survival rate, body weight, and duration at different content of BSG, mixed with conventional feed, wheat bran (WB). Based on these results, BSG can be mixed with wheat bran as a Z. atratus food ingredient without any problems. The nutritional value was compared between 100% wheat bran control and 50% BSG experimental groups. The moisture, crude protein, carbohydrates, and amino acids were 1.1-1.4 times higher in the 50% BSG group. In the BSG group, the linoleic acid content was 1.6 times higher than that in the control group. In the wheat bran group, the oleic acid content was 38.4%, which was 1.3 times higher than that in the BSG group. As minerals, the control and BSG groups showed high potassium and phosphorus contents. In terms of hazardous materials, four heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium) and two microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) were not detected. There were no significant differences in developmental characteristics between the wheat bran and BSG mixed groups, and the nutritional values were better in the BSG mixed group. Therefore, BSG can be used as alternative food source for rearing Z. atratus.

Effects of Rearing Temperature and Photoperiod on the Larval Development of the Mulberry Longicorn Beetle, Apriona germari Hope, on an Artificial Diet

  • Yoon, Hyung-Joo;Mah, Young-Il;Moon, Jae-Yu
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.137-141
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    • 2000
  • To determine effects of temperatures and photoperiods on larval development of the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari, the larvae were reared at various rearing temperatures and under the various photoperiods on an artificial diet. The larval period of A. germari was extended as long as the temperature was lowered. Also the larval development in terms of length and weight of larvae was increased. However, survival rate during larval stage significantly decreased at 15$^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The results indicated that the favorable temperature for artificial diet rearing of A. germari fell at least above $25^{\circ}C$ constantly. In photoperiod conditions, survival rate and larval development for A. germari were obviously most effective under a photoperiod of 14L:10B. As a result in artificial diet rearing of a. germari at $25^{\circ}C$ and under a photoperiod of 14L:10D was mostly favorable in terms of larval development and period.

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Toxicity and safety classification of 4 animal medicines - Focusing on venoms from bee, snake, blister beetle and scolopendrid - (일부 동물성 한약재의 독성과 안전성등급화 - 봉독, 사독, 반묘와 오공을 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Yeongchul;Lee, Sundong
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.125-144
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : About 13% of the medicines used by traditional korean medicines(TKM), are called animal medicines and are derived from non-herbal sources such as animals and insects. However, the clinical use of these preparations from animal medicines is often based on tradition and belief, rather than on evidence of toxicity and efficacy. As a result, animal medicines containing toxin have caused serious problems from injecting patients with venom. Here, various venoms frequently used as TKM were reviewed in terms of their instinct toxity and tried to estimate their safety classification. Methods : The estimation of safety classification was based on human equivalent dose(HED)-based MOS (margin of safety) and clinical dose applied for patients. Results and Conclusions : Except that of snake venom due to no clinical dose, they were evaluated as class 3 for bee venom, class 4 for cantharidin, toxin from blister beetle, and class 1 for venom from scolopendrid. In conclusion, animal medicines showed a wide range of safety classification from class 1 to class 4. This wide range is estimated to result from extremely limited applications of each venom for patients because of their strong toxicity. However, it should be cautious for application in clinics since animal medicines can produce anaphylactic reactions particularly after veinous administration even with a tiny amount of venom.

Quality of Mountain Pine Beetle Infested Fibers: Implications on the Production of Pulp and Paper Products

  • Kim, Yong-Sik;Obermajer, Alice;Korehei, Reza;Kadla, John F.;Yoon, Byung-Ho
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2009
  • Mountain Pine Beetle (MPB) attacked pine was evaluated for pulp quality, chemical and physical properties, and bleachability. Chemical analyses showed that the dehydroabietic acid and total acetone extractives content were higher in the year 3 (grey) attacked MPB chips and lower in the year 5 (grey) attacked MPB chips as compared to a typical SPF (spruce/pine/fir) reference. Lignin and carbohydrate content of the MPB wood chips were comparable to the SPF. Similarly, there was little difference in kappa number, pulp yield and liquor consumption between the 3 and 5 year MPB attacked wood. Likewise there was no significant difference in the resulting tear strength, burst, or tensile strength. There appeared to be an improved bleaching response in the MPB attacked pulp as compared to the SPF reference, but this was accompanied by a slightly lower bleached pulp yield and higher bleach filtrate COD and solids content.

Molecular Cloning of a LIM Protein cDNA from the Mulberry Longicorn Beetle, Apriona germari

  • Gui, Zhongzheng;Wei, Yadong;Yoon, Hyung Joo;Kim, Iksoo;Guo, Xijie;Jin, Byung Rae;Sohn, Hung Dae
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.149-153
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    • 2004
  • Here we report the molecular cloning of a LIM protein cDNA of the CRP (cysteine-rich protein) family from the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona, geramri. The A. germari LIM protein cDNA contains an open reading frame of 276 bp encoding 92 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of approximately 10 kDa. The A. germari LIM protein contains the cysteine-rich consensus sequence of LIM domain and the glycine-rich consensus sequence observed in cysteine-rich protein family 1 (CRP1). The potential nuclear targeting signal is retained. The deduced amino acid sequence of the A. germari LIM protein cDNA showed 81 % identity to both Bombyx mori muscle LIM protein (Mlp) and Drosophila melanogaster Mlp60A and 77% to Epiblema scudderiana Mlp. Northern blot analysis showed that A. germari LIM protein is highly expressed in epidermis and muscle, and less strongly in midgut, but not in the fat body.