• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.441-456
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure hope for cancer patients in Korea. This Hope Scale(Kim & Lee Hope Scale ; KLHS ) was developed based on not only critical universal attributes explaining both basic hope (generalized hope) and specific hope but also particular characteristics varing from culture and situation, which were revealed in a comprehensive review of the literature. Initially 60 items were generated from three sources : 36 items from the Q-sample used in the Kim's study, 1992, 21 representative items(statements) from the rest Q-population of the above study, 3 items related to the newly discovered category in the new qualitative study using 10 open ended question(death and dying) from the new qualitative study on the 20 cancer patients. At first 3 items were eliminated by the critique of the content validity experts, who were high experienced nurse, nursing professors. And then 4 items were eliminated in consideration of corrected item total correlation coefficiency, theoretical framework of this study. After that, 14 items were eliminated in comparing two or three items identified with the same meaning in each factor by this research team with factor loading and communality. This Hope Scale was finally constructed with 39 items. Psychometric evaluation was done on 492 adults(104 cancer patients, 388 adults who imagined who were cancer patients ranging from 18 to 76 years old. The results revealed high internal consistency Alpha coefficiency of .9351. Princial Component Factor Analysis with Varimax Rotation resulted in 8 factors with more than 1.0 of Eigenvalue. Referring to Eigenvalues, percent of variances(>60%), reproduced correlation matrix, and our theoretical framework, we decided the eight factors were the best1 solution to represent hope dimensions sufficiently. The eight factors were "confidence in possibility of cure", "sense of internal satisfaction", "being in communion", "meaning of life", "Korean hope perspectives", "belief in god", "self confidence", "self-worth". Among these factors, "confidence in possibility of cure", "sense of internal satisfaction", "Korean hope perspectives" were identified as different hope dimensions from those of Nowotny Hope Scale and Herth Hope Scale. There was significant negative correlation of r=-.4736 between this hope scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and significant positive correlation of r=.3685 between this hope scale and Life Orientation Test (LOT) which indicate convergent and discriminant validity. The range of hope scores was from 71 to 244, with a mean of 171.97(SD=28.16).

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2016

Objective : This study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of the Measure of Constructs Underlying Perfectionism-Korean version (M-CUP-K). Methods : Two hundred and six normal subjects completed a battery of measures including M-CUP-K, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Korean version (FMPS-K), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Psychometric properties of the M-CUP-K were analyzed. Results : The principal component analysis for construct validity resulted in 56 items composed of 6 factors (factor 1 : Dissatisfaction-Reactivity to Mistakes; factor 2 : Order-Details and Checking ; factor 3 : Satisfaction ; factor 4 : High standards ; factor 5 : Perceived Pressure from Others-Perfectionism toward Others ; factor 6 : Black and White Thinking about Tasks and Activities), compared to the original version. The M-CUP-K total and subscale scores were more strongly correlated with those of the other perfectionism-specific measure, FMPS-K, with a correlation of 0.822 (convergent validity) than with those of the nonspecific depression measure (discriminant validity). The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value for internal consistency of M-CUP-K was in an excellent range (r=0.872-0.935). The test-retest reliability for external validity suggested a good temporal stability with a total score correlation of 0.827. Conclusion : This study revealed that the M-CUP-K has good reliability and validity. Therefore, the M-CUP-K can be used as a promising measure of perfectionism in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

Sol-gel method which provides better electrochemical and physiochemical properties compared to the solid-state method was used to synthesize the material of $LiFe_yMn_{2-y}O_4$. Fe was substituted to increase the structural stability so that the effects of the substitution amount and sintering temperature were analyzed. XRD was used for the structural analysis of produced material, which in turn, showed the same cubic spinel structure as $LiMn_2O_4$ despite the substitution of $Fe^{3+}$. During the synthesis of $LiFe_yMn_{2-y}O_4$, as the sintering temperature and the doping amount of Fe(y=0.05, 0.1, 0.2)were increased, grain growth proceeded which in turn, showed a high crystalline and a large grain size, certain morphology with narrow specific surface area and large pore volume distribution was observed. In order to examine the ability for the practical use of the battery, charge-discharge tests were undertaken. When the substitution amount of $Fe^{3+}\;into\;LiMn_2O_4$ increased, the initial discharge capacity showed a tendency to decrease within the region of $3.0\~4.2V$ but when charge-discharge processes were repeated, other capacity maintenance properties turned out to be outstanding. In addition, when the sintering temperature was $800\~850^{\circ}C$, the initial capacity was small but showed very stable cycle performance. According to EVS(electrochemical voltage spectroscopy) test, $LiFe_yMn_{2-y}O_4(y=0,\;0.05,\;0.1,\;0.2)$ showed two plateau region and the typical peaks of manganese spinel structure when the substitution amount of $Fe^{3+}$ increased, the peak value at about 4.15V during the charge-discharge process showed a tendency to decrease. From the previous results, the local distortion due to the biphase within the region near 4.15V during the lithium extraction gave a phase transition to a more suitable single phase. When the transition was derived, the discharge capacity decreased. However the cycle performance showed an outstanding result.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2005

Cholestatic liver disease is a frequent complication of prolonged parenteral nutrition, especially in premature infants. Numerous factors have been cited as contributing to TPN associated cholestasis. However the exact etiology remains obscure. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been reported to be beneficial far children and adults with various chronic cholestatic liver disease. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the preventive effects of UDCA administration during TPN. Seventeen pediatric patients (8 boys and 9 girls) undergoing TPN were assigned randomly to two groups, UDCA and placebo group. UDCA group (n=9) received 15 mg/kg/day UDCA and placebo group (n=8) received 15 mg/kg/day placebo enterally during the TPN period. Liver function tests (total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase) were per-formed before TPN and weekly or three times a week. The patients' weights, complete blood count, composition of TPN, and the infusion rate of TPN and lipid were monitored everyday. Calcium and phosphate were monitored twice a week. Between the UDCA and placebo groups, there were no differences in weight at the onset of TPN, birth weight, duration of TPN, respiratory distress syndrome associated with prematurity, age at the onset of TPN, gestational age, the number of days the patients received antibiotics, the number of patients received enteral nutritions and the composition of TPN. In contrast, there was a significant difference between the UDCA and placebo groups in alanine aminotransferase levels during TPN. It doesn't seem that UDCA administration during TPN correlates directly with improvement of liver function. But the preventive administration of UDCA may be effective in reducing liver enzyme, alanine aminotransferase and has no adverse effects.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.148-158
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• 2011

Objectives The eye movement (EM) has been reported to play a role in enhancing the retrieval of episodic memories and reducing effects of fearful episodes in the past and worries for the futures. However, it is still unclear in the mechanism of EM in normal subjects. We examined the horizontal eye movement (HEM) effect using an aiding apparatus on mental health indices including negative and positive psychological factors, and psychophysiological measures such as heart rate variability and quantitative electroencepaholography (qEEG) in healthy subjects. Methods Twenty eight healthy subjects were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups : active HEM group and control group. The active HEM group conducted the HEM training with usual stress management audio-intervention using the apparatus inducing eye movement once a day for 14 days. The control group also conducted the same training once a day for 14 days, however, the saccadic eye movement was not included in this training. Psychological measurements, neurocognitive function tests, heart rate variability measurement and qEEG were conducted before and after the training in both groups. Results In the active HEM group, sleep status using Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) positive factors significantly increased after the training. By contrast, scores on the negative items of Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), and negative items of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were significantly decreased after the training. The percentage of delta amplitude (1-3 Hz) in qEEG significantly decreased after the HEM training. The percentage of alpha amplitude (8-12 Hz) significantly increased after HEM training. The change of delta amplitude in the active HEM group was positively correlated with the change of sleep satisfaction of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the change of alpha amplitude was negatively correlated with depression of VAS, anxiety of VAS and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Conclusions The HEM training improved sleep quality and well-being, and sense of optimism. The HEM training also increased alpha amplitude and decreased delta amplitude in qEEG. The qEEG changes were well correlated with subjective improvement of mental health indices in healthy subjects. These results suggest some evidences that HEM training using the apparatus that induces EM would be helpful in improving subjective mental health in healthy subjects. Further study with larger samples size would be needed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2001

Objectives: Obesity is related to psychological problems as well as physical problems. This study was designed to investigate the eating attitude and depression of females who participated in a fasting therapy. They were considered to have many eating attitude and psychological problems. Methods: 59 females were selected, they were admitted in Woosuk university hospital of oriental medicine(from August 1st, 2000 to July 31th, 2001) and 42 females were selected, they were college students of Woosuk university, Jeonju, Korea. We checked height, weight and administerd the Korean Eating Attitudes Test-26(KEAT-26), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and questions about binge-eating, smoking, drinking, exercise and body weight-wanted to females in two groups. Results: In fasting women group, 2(3.39%) were underweight, 24(40.68%) were average. The average of KEAT-26 in fasting women group$(13.33{\pm}7.65)$ was higher than that in college women group$(4.76{\pm}5.54)$(p<0.001). In fasting women group, 5(8.47%) had mild eating problem, 4(6.78%) had moderate eating problem, and 5(8.47%) had severe eating problem. In fasting women group, 47(79.66%) said 'yes' at the question(A-1, DSM-IV bulimia nervosa diagnosis), 33(55.93%) said 'yes' at the question(A-2, DSM-IV bulimia nervosa diagnosis) about binge eating. In fasting women group, 14(23.73%) had used vomiting, 13(22.03%) enemas, 27(45.76%) laxatives, 7(11.86%) diuretics, 6(10.17%) other drugs, 38(64.41%) fasting, 15(25.42%) severe exercise, and others 2(3.39%) to reduce their weight. The average of BDI in fasting women group$(12.44{\pm}6.70)$ was higher than that in college women group$(7.47{\pm}5.48)$(p<0.001). In fasting women group, 10(16.95%) had mild depression problem, 4(6.78%) had moderate depression problem, and 3(5.08%) had severe depression problem. In fasting women group, 41(64.49%) had under 5Kg-gap, and 18(30.51%) has over 5Kg-gap between weight-reasonable and weight-wanted. In 26 fasting women who were underweight or average-weight, 14 had over 5Kg-gap. Conclusions: These results suggest that the females who participated in a fasting therapy had many depression and eating problems, and we should pay attention to the eating disorders and psychological problems including depression as well as the physical problems when we treat obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.459-466
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of robot-assisted therapy on the motor and functional recovery of the lower limbs in 53 subacute stroke patients. Robot-assisted therapy was performed using Lokomat? (Hocoma AG, Zurich, Switzerland) for thirty minutes per day, five times a week for four weeks. The outcome measures used were the Fugl-Meyer assessment, Motricity index(MI), Functional ambulation category(FAC), Berg balance scale(BBS) for gait function and balance ability, 10m walking test, K-Modified Barthel Index(K-MBI) for the activities of daily living and Mini mental state examination (MMSE), and Beck's depression inventory(BDI) for depression. All patients recruited underwent these evaluations before and after the four week robot-assisted therapy. For the evaluation, the somatosensory evoked potentials were used to assess the functional recovery. Robot-assisted therapy on the lower limb after subacute stroke showed improvement in motor strength, gait function, and the activities of daily living. All changes in terms of MI, FAC, BBS, and K-MBI exhibited a statistically significant difference after the four weeks robot-assisted therapy. The somatosensory evoked potential result showed a correlation with the MI and K-MBI. Robot-assisted therapy is believed to facilitate the motor and functional recovery of the lower limb in subacute stroke patients.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 1999

Medication non-compliance among the elderly results in medical problems and substantial cost to the health care system. This study investigate predicted variable related to the medication task ability among elderly. This study was done in the selected 4 villages in Kimchun County of Kyungbuk Province from July to August, 1996. The subject was the resident that 202 adults above 60 years of age. The questionnaire of interview included medication task ability, socio-demographic data, COOP/WONCA chart, family ABGAR score. BDI(Beck depression inventory), ADL(activities of daily living), IADL(instrumental activities of daily living), and MMSE-K(minimental state examination-Korean version). The results were as followed : 1. Approximately 49% of study population was taking drug medication currently. We found that 93% of study population was successful at the medication task all alone, 6% was failure at the medication task all alone, so need help partly or completely. 2. Significant variables between group of medication task ability were age, educational attainment, IADL, and MMSE-K in univariate analysis. And significant correlated variables with medication task ability were ADL, IADL, MMSE-K, and BDI in correlation analysis. 3. Major predictors to medication task ability on multiple logistic regression were IADL and sex finally. Findings suggest that IADL is related to medication task ability than other test battery of health status, so IADL could be used to necessary for medication management and add information to conventional methods of assessing mental status.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.86-90
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to find out the psychological changes associated with internet addiction between before and after the military drill among the young male army recruits. Methods All 1091 participants were army recruits aged from 19 to 22 years who participated in the 5-week military drill. They were assessed with some self-reported questionnaires [Sociodemographic questionnaires, Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Rated Scale (ASRS)]. They were divided into two groups, One is the internet addiction tendency group and the other is non-addiction group according to the IAS score. And the severity of the internet addiction tendency, depression, anxiety and impulsiveness were evaluated by the IAS, the STAI, the BDI, the BIS, the ASRS before and after military drill. Results The result of the paired t-test shows that the IAS, the STAI, the BDI, the BIS, the ASRS scores decreased after military drill in both non-addiction group and internet addiction tendency group. The result of the repeated measures ANOVA shows that there is an interaction effect between the changes of ASRS-hyperactivity (F = 23.437, p < 0.001), ASRS-impulsiveness (F = 4.896, p = 0.027), BIS-total (F = 4.057, p = 0.044), BIS-motor impulsiveness (F = 13.609, p < 0.001) scores and groups. The result of the generalized estimating equation shows that internet addiction tendency is associated with ASRS-inattention (${\beta}=0.075$, p < 0.001), ASRS-hyperactivity (${\beta}=0.092$, p = 0.002), STAI-trait anxiety (${\beta}=0.046$, p < 0.001), BIS-motor impulsiveness (${\beta}=0.119$, p = 0.028). Conclusions The results show that psychopathologies such as internet addiction tendency, depression, anxiety, impulsiveness may improve after military drill regardless of the groups. Internet addiction tendency may be related to the ASRS-inattention, ASRS-hyperactivity, STAI-trait anxiety, motor-impulsiveness. So these findings may be considered in the treatment of internet addiction in terms of the impulsiveness control.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2008

Objectives Obesity and climacteric symptom are affected by various cultural, social and psychological factors. This study is performed to recognize the relationship between obesity, climacteric symptom, and other social and psychological factors such as self-esteem, depression, eating attitude, stress response and social readjustment rating. Methods SRRS(social readjustment rating scale), SES(self-esteem scale), SRI(stress response inventory), BDI(Beck depression inventory), KEAT-26 (Korean Eating Attitude Test-26) and Kuperman index were given to 43 peri-menopausal women aged 45-55 and BMI ${\geq}23$. They were given written consent and this study is performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. And height, body weight, waist circumference were measured. These variables were treated by correlation and regression analysis for finding effect factors of climacteric symptom. Result BMI and WC were not related to climacteric symptom. There were significant correlation between KEAT-26(r=0.4388, p=0.004), SES (r=-0.4748, p=0.001), SRI(r=0.6941, p<0.001), BDI(r=0.6354, p<0.001) and Kuperman index. In multiple regression, SRI was find to be a prediction factor of Kuperman index.(Kuperman index=19.033+0.7SRI($R^2$=0.490)). Conclusion Climacteric symptom is related to self-esteem, eating attitude, depression and stress response. And the most important prediction factor of climacteric symptom is stress response. So managing of stress response may be essential to treating climacteric syndrome. And it is necessary to study about climacteric symptom with many other effective factors of various peri-menopausal subjects.