• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.978-993
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• 2013

It can be advantage as well as disadvantage to use the spatial weight matrix in a spatial regression model; it would benefit from explicitly quantifying spatial relationships between geographical units, but necessarily involve subjective judgment while specifying the matrix. We took Incheon City as a study area and investigated how the fitness of a spatial regression model changed by constructing various spatial weight matrices. In addition, we explored neighborhood segmentation in the study area and analyzed any influence of it on the model adequacy of two basic spatial regression models, i.e., spatial lagged and spatial error models. The results showed that it can help to improve the adequacy of models to specify the spatial weight matrix strictly, that is, interpreting the neighborhood as small as possible when estimating land price. It was also found that the spatial error model would be preferred in the area with serious spatial heterogeneity. In such area, we found that its spatial heterogeneity can be alleviated by delineating sub-neighborhoods, and as a result, the spatial lagged model would be preferred over the spatial error model.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 2017

This paper aims to research the technology level of sports industry, through analyzing the technology gap between Korea and other major countries (USA, Europe, Japan, and China), and provide a list of technologies to be prioritized for R&D investment by conducting an analysis of the strategic importance of various element technologies. The results of the analysis showed that the technology level of Korean sports industry currently stands at 70.5% of the country with the most advanced technology (the USA), and that the technology gap amounts to 4.8 years. It was also found that the USA is the country with the most advanced technology (100%) at present, followed by Europe (91.1%), Japan (88.3%), Korea (70.5%), and China (61.2%). To reduce the technology gap, we established a Strategic Zone (SZ) and derived three element technologies including 'design and production technologies for sports and game equipment' in the $1^{st}$ tier, nine element technologies including '3D motion analysis and simulation technology' in the $2^{nd}$ tier, and four element technologies including 'fitness/health promotion and management technology' in the $3^{rd}$ tier. The significance of this research is that it included five major technology categories of the sports industry in its analysis, selected an expert on sports industry technologies using the delphi method. Therefore, the results of this study may be suitable for use as basic data in establishing the R&D strategy for the future development of the sports industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the present condition of cold protective clothing for mailman, to improve its design in movement, fitness, and other functions, and supply basic data for its performance evaluation. The results are as follows : The 46.60% of those questioned did not satisfy current clod protective clothing fer mailman. Especially, they considered dissatisfactory in properties such as waterproof, comfort, activity, and sweat absorption. The newly developed cold protective clothing is two-piece style composed of jacket and pants. Both jacket and pants are composed of inner and outer clothing individually. In both jacket and pants, their outer clothing's material was waterproof, windproof, and breathable shell fabric on which PTFE film laminated and their inner clothing's material was 100% polyester Polar polis to have better insulation property. The jacket has attachable cap which can be used as rain gear and set-in sleeve with stand collar. It also had big outside patch pockets and side seam pockets to ensure enough storage space. The pants have knee pads to give free movement to knees and slant side pockets. Inner clothing of both jacket and pants can be worn during working inside without out clothing. Insulation of the newly developed cold protective clothing was not better than current one except right hand, left hand and left foo. It is considered that is because thickness of material is the most important factor to influence insulation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 1997

Diphtheria was the world-spread, respiratory infectious disease in the past. But after developing the diphtheria toxoid, diphtheria vaccine, composed of diphtheria toxoid, is generalized, so prevalence of diphtheria is sharply dropped. But diphtheria is come back in NIS(New Independent States) in 1990s. It is believed that recurrence of diphtheria is mainly due to shortage of protective diphtheria antibody titer in adults. And it is related to 70% prevalence in adults, not in children. Considering this changing environment, this study was designed to research the diphtheria antibody titer of whole population and existence of titer difference by sex. Also it was studied whether ELISA has fitness as determination method of diphtheria antibody titer compared with neutralization method on microcell culture. This study was done to 277 samples of three hospitals in Seoul area, and sera was tested by neutralization method on microcell culture and ELISA method. The results of this study were as follows 1) Of this studied population, 31.05% had an antibody titer below the protective level (<0.01 IU/ml), 40.79% had a titer of a relative degree of protection (0.01-0.09 IU/ml) and 28.16% had a reliable degree of protection ($\geq$0.1 IU/ml). Therefore, 68.95% had a basic protective antibody titer level. 2) 20-40 age group showed the lowest diphtheria antibody titer among the studied population. 3) GMT of diphtheria antibody titer was the highest in the children. But, after child period, GMT was fallen. Standard deviation value was the lowest in older group. 4) Protective level of diphtheria antibody titer of male was slightly higher than female (70.94% vs 66.66%). But this difference was not statistically significant. 5) Diphtheria antibody titer by ELISA method was wholly higher than by neutralization method on microcell culture. Compared the two results by ELISA and neutralization, the regression coefficient was 0.38. And in titer, which was obtained by ELISA method, false-positive results was abundant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1015-1025
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• 2002

This study is aimed at investigating and developing the use and sizing system of the apparels listed in on-line and catalog shopping in Korea. This is a basic study for an apparel sizing system to be developed, which could be used to approach consumers more easily and provide improved fitness and accuracy in terms of size and style of apparels for fashion E-commerce. A survey was conducted among the consumers who are more than 18-years-old and purchased more than two times the apparels listed in on-line and catalog shopping of two selected catalog shopping enterprises, and its statistical results are analysed from 281 respondents' questionnaires. The results of the study are as follows: 1. According to the result of the survey on the use and sizing system of the apparels listed in. on-line and catalog shopping, the consumers who purchased once apparels continue doing so in the same manner. A catalog shopping is the most preferred form of shopping. The most dissatisfying part in purchasing apparels is a poor quality of 'texture', and the second biggest problem is about 'size'About 51.2 percent of the apparels were not worn or even returned, while the top reason for that is 'Inappropriate size' and 'color', and 'texture'comes next on the list. 2. According to the survey on the recognition-rate concerning common' body size, most respondents were aware of their height and weight, and So percent of respondents said that they were aware of their waist circumference. But, chest circumference and hip circumference were recognized only by 58.4 percent and 35.6 percent of respondents, respectively. 3. According to the survey on difference between men and women, the male consumers have less aware of hip circumference than the female counterparts. The females have much more dissatisfaction with apparel sizing system and show higher return-rate of purchased apparels than the males.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.163-170
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• 1997

Some CMP gathers acquired from shallow marine seismic reflection survey in offshore Korea do not show the hyperbolic trend of moveout. It originated from so-called swell effect of source and streamer, which are towed under rough sea surface during the data acquisition. The observed time deviations of NMO-corrected traces can be entirely ascribed to the swell effect. To correct these time deviations, a residual statics is introduced using Genetic Algorithms (GA) into the swell correction. A new class of global optimization methods known as GA has recently been developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence and has a resemblance with the genetic evolution of biological systems. The basic idea in using GA as an optimization method is to represent a population of possible solutions or models in a chromosome-type encoding and manipulate these encoded models through simulated reproduction, crossover and mutation. GA parameters used in this paper are as follows: population size Q=40, probability of multiple-point crossover P$_c$=0.6, linear relationship of mutation probability P$_m$ from 0.002 to 0.004, and gray code representation are adopted. The number of the model participating in tournament selection (nt) is 3, and the number of expected copies desired for the best population member in the scaling of fitness is 1.5. With above parameters, an optimization run was iterated for 101 generations. The combination of above parameters are found to be optimal for the convergence of the algorithm. The resulting reflection events in every NMO-corrected CMP gather show good alignment and enhanced quality stack section.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2989-2995
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• 2014

This study was to performed to get the reference data of the kinematic parameters for normal subjects according to the arm movement type. Forty-five normal subjects participated in this study and preformed four sequence according to the arm movement type : normal arm movement, one arm movement, no arm movement, fitness arm movement. The study data was collected from June to August 2010. The kinematic data were measured using Vicon motion system 6MX3 cameras while each subjects walked through a 10m walkway. There were significant differences according arm movement type in the kinematic parameters such as range of motion (ROM) of the right pelvic, hip in sagittal plane, and ROM of the pelvic, hip, lumbar in coronal plane and ROM of the pelvic, thoracic, lumbar in transverse plane. This study can be utilized as the basic reference data in gait analysis for patients with pathologic gaits.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.562-568
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• 2008

The modern logistics has tried not only to convert the conventional packing system into unit load system using pallet but also to enhance the fitness between packing facilities and transport modes. This is based on the goal to reduce total logistics cost by improving logistics efficiency. Since the packing unit can affect both loading rate and loading facilities, basic form of packing unit is very important to unit load system. The object of this study is to develop a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of standardized packing module. The new method is based on measure of effectiveness (MOE) which are identified by expert survey. This study has originality in that the collecting method for effectiveness of standardized packing module has not been developed up to now.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1255-1264
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• 2021

This study explores the application services recognized by golfers by applying the causal relationship (SEM) to the degree of immersion and consumption behavior of the characteristics of the golf application (App) perceived by consumers in the COVID-19 environment based on the COVID-19 Afterwards, it was intended to provide basic data for predicting the golf industry. For this, a total of 235 people were analyzed using a mobile survey (URL) by the sampling plan from June 1 to August 10, 2021. The results were derived. First, the hypothesis was adopted that the mobility and reliability characteristics of the application had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on the immersion enhancement. First, the hypothesis was adopted that the enhancement of commitment had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on consumption behavior. Finally, it was hypothesized that the informational and mobility characteristics of the application had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on consumption behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.963-973
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• 2021

Based on the TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior), this study explores the physical education perceived by college students by applying the causal relationship (SEM) to life sports, participation intention, and participation behavior perceived by college students in the Covid-19 environment, and to provide basic data for predicting life sports events. For this, a total of 267 people were analyzed using the mobile program "Survey Monkey" according to the sample plan from December 1, 2020 to May 1, 2020. As a result of the study, it was found that the planned behavior theory had a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with the intention to participate in physical education. The planned behavior theory showed that there was a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with the life sports participation behavior. Lastly, the intention to participate in physical sports was found to have a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with participation in physical sports.