• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Wettability is an important factor to decide solderability of solder, flux, other soldering-related materials and soldering conditions. The wettability also affects the reliability of solder joint. Wetting balance test is a good method for quantitatively measuring wettability between solder and substrate. The wetting balance test is easy to reproduce the wetting experiment and to measure the wetting time and force. And this test provides wetting curve to calculate the surface tension of the molten solder. Development of new solder has been continued in accordance with various and harsh environment in the electronics industry. In this paper, the principle of wetting balance test and recent research issues including nano-composite solder are explained.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2011

Purpose : The purposes of this study were to investigate the age-related difference in balance ability in the elderly over 65 years and to verify the clinical usefulness of the functional reach test (FRT) for balance evaluation of the elderly through the sensory organization test (SOT). Methods : The subjects were forty-six community dwelling elderly people over 65 years old in order to verify the correlation of balance measures and to compare the balance ability. Balance was measured using the FRT and the six sub-equilibrium scores and the composite equilibrium score of the SOT. Pearson's product correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships among these measurements of balance. Results : There was a significant difference in functional reach by age in the elderly (p<.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the FRT and the age of the elderly (r=-.396, p<.01). There was also significant high positive correlation between the FRT and the eye closed sway surface (EC/SS) (r=.789, p<.01), and composite equilibrium score (r=.548, p<.01) of the SOT. Conclusion : Thus, it is possible to use the FRT as a quantitative measure of balance, rather than the SOT, which is more expensive and complicated to evaluate elderly people. According to the results of this study, the use of the FRT is required clinically to objectively measure the balance of elderly people in the future.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Recently, there has been a continuous researches on solders having sophisticated and improved performance due to demand for high-density and miniaturization of electronics, and development of solder for automotive electronics which can be used in harsh environment. When developing a new solder alloy, there is a wettability of solder on substrate for things to consider, and the wetting balance test is one of the methods for measuring that one. In this paper, the wetting balance test is introduced, and the calculus of the surface tension of solder and the contact angle between solder and substrate using wetting curve obtained is introduced too. In detail, the principle and test method of the wetting balance test, the introduction of the parameters with important meaning in the wetting curve, the method of calculating the contact angle as well as the surface tension of the solder using the shape of the solder meniscus.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to examine whether balance training through stabilization exercise had influence on the improvement of stroke patients' ability in balancing, and to understand whether the effects had the differences to traditional balance training, if it had effects. Subjects were divided into two groups, a stabilization exercise group(n=28) and a conventional balance exercise group (n=28), and a balance exercise program was conducted twice a day, 30 min for 1 time, 10 times a week for 4 weeks. After the program, the stabilization exercise showed significant improvement of balance ability in Bug Balance Scales (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), comparing with the status of pre －training, as well as the conventional balance training (p<.05). Independent samples t－test was executed in order to verify the significancy in the effects between the two groups and the result showed significant improvement in their average value after training for BBS. However, there was no significant difference in TUG and FRT. As a result, it was examined that partially, there was significant difference only in BBS. According to the results as presented above, if stabilization exercise, which can apply diverse movements and postures, properly keeps pace with conventional balance exercise, stroke patients would obtain significant effects on the improvement of balance ability.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were improvements on balance when both ankle-jointed calf muscles and hip muscles, which affect balance capabilities, were activated through taping techniques and EMS. In this study, the One Leg Standing Test, a static balance test, was conducted by experimenting on a flat floor, foam pad, and a stretching board with a gradient of 20 degrees, respectively, to study static balance capabilities in different situations. Nine healthy men in their 20s were measured five times every five minutes considering muscle fatigue, and the difference between each variable was analyzed through post-test using nonparametric statistical analysis. Our results showed an equal increase in static balance capability was similar when EMS was applied only to calf muscles and only to hip muscles. Notably most improvements were seen when wearing calf supporters and taping technology pants, and applying EMS together. It was also found that the difference between EMS electric stimulation and balance capability was greater when wearing and applying supporters and taping technology pants. Based on the results of the present study, a muscle support band and EMS of taping techniques can improve balance capabilities. These findings are expected to form a basis for solutions Improving the balance capabilities

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2022

Objective: The rehabilitation protocols for functional recovery have been emphasized after total knee arthroplasty, and Pilates is in the spotlight as a safe and easily modified exercise method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mat Pilates exercise on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the individuals with total knee arthroplasty. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Eighteen older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty was recruited in the study. The subjects were evaluated on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking before and after mat Pilates exercise. All subject performed one hour mat Pilates exercise, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Mat Pilates exercises were focused on core stability and lower extremity strengthening and, more dynamic movements were added to increase the difficulty of movements every two weeks. The lower extremity function was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee joint position sense, and five times sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was assessed by single leg stance test, functional reach test, and timed up and go test. Walking was measured by OptoGait system to temporospatial parameter. Results: The lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking were significantly improved after mat Pilates exercise, except for five times sit-to-stand test (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the mat Pilates exercise was a useful method to improve lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the virtual reality-based squat and conventional squat exercise. Methods : Twenty four participants were randomly assigned to the virtual reality-based squat (VRS) group (n=12) or conventional squat (CS) group (n=12). The static balance (C90 area, C90 angle, trace length, sway average velocity) and dynamic balance (forward, rearward, leftward, rightward) were measured using a force plate by BT4. The VRS group used the virtual reality system during 4 weeks, while the CS group underwent classical squat training. Independent t-test was used to test the homogeneity of the general characteristics of the subjects. The collected data was analyzed using the paired t-test for static and dynamic balance comparisons before and after exercise in both groups and Pearson's test for the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the measured time. The significance level was set to 0.05. Results : There was no significant correlation between group and static and dynamic balance related variables (p>.05). There was a significant correlation between measurement time and static and dynamic balance related variables (p<.05). According to the measurement time, the static balance parameter C90 area in the VRS group after exercise was significantly decreased (p<.05). The values of forward, leftward and rightward in the VRS group were significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : It is suggested that 20 normal healthy adult men and women who have normal balance ability can improve their ability to control their posture by improving the balance ability when applying virtual reality-based squat exercise.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.665-673
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• 2009

본 연구는 만성요통환자 30명을 대상으로 PNF와 체간 운동프로그램을 적용한 다음 환자들의 통증, 기능장애 그리고 정적균형과 동적균형에 미치는 효과에 대해 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 각 군의 운동효과를 측정하기 위해 모든 대상자는 통증과 함께 Oswestry 장애지수와 외다리기립검사를 통해 정적균형을 측정하였고, Balance 측정기를 이용하여 동적균형을 측정하였다. 그 결과 통증, Oswestry 장애지수, 외다리 기립검사 및 동적균형 모두 체간운동군에 비해 PNF 군이 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 따라서 이번 연구결과를 통해 알 수 있는 것은 PNF의 내려치기와 들어올리기 패턴이 만성 요통환자에게 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high heeled shoes on the static & dynamic balance performance and electromyography(EMG) of back and lower extremity muscles. Materials & Methods : Sixteen women participated in this study. Subjects were composed two groups with LL shoes group and higher heel shoes group. We carried out Romberg's test and muscle activity of left and right Paraspinalis, Quadriceps femoris, Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius muscles by EMG in order to determine static balance performance according heel height. Using by Biorescue(Incenierie company), we trained subject to transfer of COG each direction(Anterior, posterior, Right, Left), we carried out this test for distance, surface, distance/surface in order to determine dynamic balance performance according heel height. The data were analyzed by independent t-test between lower and high heel height using SPSS(ver. 17.0)/PC program. Results : There was significant difference of distance(p<.05) of weight perturbation between lower and high group in dynamic balance performance and EMG value of left Gastrocnemius(p<.05), both Tibialis anterior(p<.05) muscle in static balance performance. Conclusions : Height of heel has effect on dynamic balance performance in distance of the Anterior, posterior direction. EMG of Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior muscles were affected by Romberg's test.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the exchange rate and Trade Balance. Trade Balance is used as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are Exchange Rate, Gross Domestic Product, and Inflation. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was adopted to test the stationary property of time series data, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model was employed to find the long run and short-run relationship and long-run adjustment, Bound test approach, the unrestricted Error Correction Model and Granger Causality Test are used to analyze the data from 1977 to 2019. The research findings suggest that inflation has a positive impact on the trade balance in the short run. The exchange rate and the Gross Domestic Product have adverse effects on Trade balance in the long run. The coefficient of ER in the previous year is negative, and the coefficient of TB in the previous year is positive and significant. This is consistent with the J-Curve phenomenon, which states that devaluation may not improve trade balance in the immediate period, but will significantly impact the trade balance improvement in subsequent periods. Hence Marshall Lerner Condition exists in Sri Lanka.