• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

Purpose: The circular stapled Billroth I gastrectomy has been gradually popularized because of several advantages. Thus, this study aims to identify what to be supplemented for the safety of this technique by examining the potential complication after the circular stapled Billroth I gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: This study selected 594 patients who underwent the circular stapled Billroth I gastrectomy because of the gastric cancer in our department of surgery from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2004 as the subjects. As of Jan. 2001 when the bleeding on the anastomosis site was visually checked through the small incision at the opposite curvature to the lesion of the stomach to be resected and so the operation was completed, the patients were divided into the Group I (n=219) and Group II (n=375), which were the patients before and after Jan. 2001, respectively. Then, the clinical characteristics and postoperative anastomotic complications of both groups were compared. Results: For the comparison of complications between two groups, the anastomotic leakage was found in four cases in Group I and three cases in Group II (p=0.196). The stenosis on the anastomosis region was not observed in both groups. The bleeding on the anastomosis region illustrates the statistically significant difference between Group I and Group II, with 43 cases and 2 cases, respectively (P=0.0019). Conclusion: The circular stapled Billroth I gastrectomy is recommended because of several advantages of this technique. However, the bleeding on the anastomosis site may be indicated as the critical issue. Accordingly, the visual check on the bleeding on the anastomosis site during the operation will improve the safety of circular stapler.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum is a freshwater snail and lives in spring water near mountain areas. Interestingly, this snail has been traditionally regarded as medicinal food, and thus has been used as folk remedies for healing broken bones. Recently, alpha classification on Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum through redescription has been conducted. However, not much attention has been made in beta classification. In this study, we performed the beta classification based on metallothionein (MT) genes found from various organisms. To this end, the complete cDNA sequences were obtained from the Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequencing project of Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum. The coding region (315 bp) encoded an amino acid sequence of 105 residues. The combined results from BLAST analyses, multiple sequence alignment and molecular phylogenetic study of Pc-MT gene indicate that Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum has similarity to freshwater bivalve such as Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel), Unio tumidus (swollen river mussel) and Crassostrea ariakensis (suminoe oyster).

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2009

This study was initiated to evaluate the K leaching potential in the green soils and K uptake by the turfgrass in the golf course using the K fertilizers. The turfgrass, Floradwarf bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon L. $P_{ERS}$.) was planted and grown in the mixture of sand and peat moss in this lysimeter study. Eight representative K fertilizers, such as, monopotassium phosphate (MKP), KCL, $K_2SO_4$, $KNO_3$, CKCl, $CK_2SO_4$, $CKNO_3$, and 0-20-20(liquid) were used in this study. Based on the total K quantity of leachate collected during the whole 12 weeks, 0-20-20 is the K fertilizers the most contributing to the leaching of K, then MKP, the second, KCL, the third, and finally $KNO_3$ are K fertilizers contributing to the K leaching. However, most amount of K applied and collected in the lysimeter were leached during the first period of two and four weeks, compared to that of K leached during the second period of six, eight, ten, and twelve weeks. Application of CKCL and $CK_2SO_4$ producted the largest amount of total dry matter, then MKP and KCL, $KNO_3$ and $CKNO_3$, 0-20-20 in second group. However, except $K_2SO_4$, most K fertilizer sources such as MKP, KCL, $KNO_3$, CKCL, $CK_2SO_4$, $CKNO_3$, 0-20-20 showed the largest amount of K uptake, except $K_2SO_4$. Therefore, based on the K leaching, dry matter production, and plant K uptake, it appears that the coated fertilizers, CKCL, $CKNO_3$, and $CK_2SO_4$ are the environmentally sound fertilizers recommended in the turfgrass green soil of golf course.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2019

The Paralichthys olivaceus (mean weight 34.3±3.5 g) was used in the conduction of density experiment in this study to establish the optimal density determination for a period of 13 weeks. The density consisted of four groups. These were group 1 (500 fish, 40 fish m^-2), group 2 (750 fish, 60 fish m^-2), group 3 (1,000 fish, 80 fish m^-2) and group 4 (1,250 fish, 100 fish m^-2), each in 12.56 ㎡ circular water tanks. In the high density groups, such as groups 1 and 2, the nitrite was increased to over 21 mg L^-1 (group 3) and 25 mg L^-1 (group 4). The experiment of the groups was terminated by skin ulcers and mortality after 49 days for group 3 and 43 days for group 4. The water quality environment, such as the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH, remained constant. The ammonia and nitrite in groups 1 and 2 remained stable after ammonia and nitrite peak. However, the experiments in groups 3 and 4 were terminated due to the mortality induced by high nitrite. Hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin and hematocrit, were significantly decreased in the high density groups. The plasma components were significantly changed in the high density groups, such as groups 3 and 4. The mean weight of groups 1 and 2 after 13 weeks were 91.3 g and 83.7 g, respectively. The survival rates were 99.4% and 98.2%, respectively. The final FCR was 0.6 in both groups. The results of this study show that the density of 80 fish m^-2 or more induce mortality due to high nitrite with hematological changes. Additionally, they indicate that the 60 fish m^-2 indicate proper density in bio-floc environment in olive flounder weighing less than 100 g.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.851-860
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to manufacture the wood based roughage using lumber from thinning of oak and pitch pine (Pinus rigida). And the study also aimed to investigate a feed value evaluation of wood based roughages. To investigate the optimization condition of steam-digestion treatment for roughage, the wood chips of oak and pitch pine were steam-digestion treated at $160^{\circ}C$ under pressure 6 atm depending on treatment times (60 min, 90 min and 120 min) followed by the content of essential oils analyzed. The essential oil content of steam-digestion treated roughages for 90 min and 120 min were under 0.1 mL/kg. The evaluation of feed value was carried out from steam-digestion treated roughages for 90 min through feed chemical composition analysis, NRC (National research Council) modeling, ruminal degradability analysis and relative economic value analysis. The feed chemical compositions including DM (dry mater), CP (crude protein), EE (ether extract), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber), ADL (acid detergent lignin), NFC (nonfiber carbohydrate) in oak roughage were 95.4, 1.36, 3.11, 90.05, 83.85, 17.33, 6.50%, respectively, and in pitch pine roughage were 94.37, 1.33, 5.48, 87.89, 86.88, 30.56, 6.32%, respectively. Both roughages showed low level of protein and very high level of NDF. The TDN (total digestible nutrient) levels using NRC (2001) model in oak and pitch pine roughages were 40.55, 31.22%, respectively. The ruminal in situ dry matter degradability was higher in oak roughage (23.84%) than in pitch pine roughage (10.02%). The economic values of oak and pitch pine rough-ages were 235, and 210 \, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2012

The study, published in the 2007 revised curriculum of Practical Arts and Technology and Home Economics textbook(16 species) of the 'human development and family members' area of learning content elements were analyzed. This analysis was conducted in order to evaluate that the 2007 revised curriculum of Practical Arts(Technology and Home Economics) has been made well Articulations. The criteria of Articulations is "Development of learning content, Repeating, Gaps, Reduction. Content criterias is 'human development and family' area. These include "human development, human relationships, marriage and family life, caring for family members and family welfare" of the four criteria and 14 content elements. The results of this analysis, the first content elements is "process of human development, characteristics of human development, family relationships, communication, dating and partner selection, the significance of marriage and family, understanding the basic concepts of family, family change and family problem solving". There was no content elements. content element is 'friendship'. content elements is 'Characteristics of human development', 'understanding of sex and pregnancy and childbirth'. Thus, in the new curriculum, a review of these Articulations are required. Especially, the 'friendship' and 'understanding of sex and pregnancy and childbirth' of the content element should be noted in the curriculum configuration because of content elements be Analyzed as or . Also 'values about marriage change' importance in the low fertility society is a big learning content elements need repeating. However, textbooks should reflect differences in the configuration will hakgyogeupgan. Meanwhile, 'changes in values about marriage' that it is necessary to deal with the repeatedly because of recentely society is The low fertility society, However, for this content element based on the differences between school level to appear the contents of textbooks, the textbook screening process will be provided with the correct guidance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2020

Cryopreservation of semen is useful for animal breeding via artificial insemination (AI). However, the use of frozen-thawed boar semen is limited due to cryodamage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of MitoTEMPO (a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) in lactose-egg yolk (LEY) extenders on kinetic characteristics of frozen-thawed boar sperms. Semen samples were collected from mature Duroc boars (2~3 years old) and cryopreserved in LEY extenders containing 0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μM MitoTEMPO. The kinetic characteristics of frozen-thawed sperms were determined 0 and 30 min after thawing using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Results indicated that sperm motility immediately after thawing was significantly higher with 5 and 50 μM (50.46±2.71% and 46.96±2.66%, respectively) than with 500 μM MitoTEMPO (35.40±2.95%) (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in other kinetic characteristics except motility. In conclusion, the addition of MitoTEMPO to the sperm freezing extender may have a beneficial effect on motility of post-thawed boar semen.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.251-258
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• 2020

This study investigated the effect of Zardaverine supplementation in freezing extender, on kinetic characteristics of post-thawed boar sperm. Cryopreservation of boar sperm is an important technique of assisted reproductive technology and genetic resource banking. Although this technique is particularly useful, freeze-thaw cycles associated with sperm cryopreservation significantly reduce sperm quality. Semen from mature Duroc boars were collected and cryopreserved in freezing extenders (LEY) treated with varying concentrations of Zardaverine (0, 20, 50, 75, 100 𝜇M). The time-dependent kinetic characteristics of post-thawed spermatozoa were determined after thawing by applying computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). We observed that the motility immediately after thawing was significantly higher in 20 𝜇M stocks than in control (0 𝜇M) and the other treatments (p<0.05). Curvilinear velocity (VCL) in 0 𝜇M and 20 𝜇M stocks were significantly higher than the other treatment groups, except 75 𝜇M (p<0.05). Higher average path velocity (VAP) was obtained at 20 𝜇M as compared to 100 𝜇M, whereas amplitude of head lateral displacement (ALH) was significantly higher at 20 𝜇M than 50 𝜇M and 100 𝜇M (p<0.05). No differences were obtained for Straight-line velocity (VSL) and Linearity (LIN). In conclusion, our results indicate that Zardaverine improves the motility, VCL, VAP, and ALH of post-thawed boar sperm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality properties, fatty acid composition and amino acid composition of major Korean inbred lines and hybrids of maize for corn breeding. Protein content of $F_2$ seeds was 9.0%, which was slightly lower than those of inbred lines, 11.4%, and $F_1$ seeds, 10.9%. in hybrid maizes. Lipid content of $F_2$ seeds of hybrid maizes was 4.2%, slightly higher than those of inbred lines, 3.3%, and $F_1$ seeds, 3.6%. However, there was no significant difference in ash content. The amount of linoleic acid in inbred lines, $F_1$ and $F_2$ seeds of hybrid maizes was highest among all fatty acids and followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid. The composition of saturated fatty acid of $F_2$ seeds was 17.6%, similar to $F_1$ seeds but it was lower than that of inbred lines. The composition of unsaturated fatty acid of $F_2$ seeds was 82.4%, similar to $F_1$ seeds but was higher than inbred lines. The content of leucine of $F_2$ seeds was lower than inbred lines and $F_1$ seeds. The content of valine, serine, threonine, cysteine, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine of $F_2$ seeds was higher than inbred lines and $F_1$ seeds. MMA (monoamino monocarboxylic acid) in inbred lines, $F_1$ and $F_2$ seeds of hybrid maizes was highest among all amino acids and followed by DMA (diamino monocarboxylic acid) and AAA (aromatic amino acid).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

Fresh edible sweet corns demand relatively short period to harvest fresh ears, which can allow farmers to make a choice sweet corns for various cropping systems. For this reason, we were to find the optimum planting date of late-planted sweet corns to sell fresh ears in the autumn linked to cropping system with winter crops, investigating yield and properties of marketable fresh ears and growth traits of sweet corns (cv. 'Godangok' and cv. 'Guseulok') depending on planting dates such as 10 July, 20 July, and 30 July in Suwon 2012 and 2013, respectively. The 20 July-planted sweet corns showed the most fresh ear yield. However, the 10 July-planted and the 30 July-planted had 32% less yield caused by consecutive rainfall from 10 July through 20 July, and 15% less yield due to low air temperature during ripening than the 20 July-planted, respectively. The 10 and 20 July-planted sweet corns had average 140g of a fresh ear weight and 15% heavier ear than the 30 July-planted. For the July-planted sweet corns, silking days after planting ($r=-0.80^{**}$), and harvesting days after silking ($r=-0.97^{**}$) and planting ($r=-0.91^{**}$) were highly negatively correlated with daily mean air temperature during the period, resulting in it takes 1,100 growing degree days (GDD) to harvest fresh ears from the July-planted sweet corns. The fresh ears of the 20 July-planted sweet corns are able to be harvested by early October. Therefore it will be a good choice for the cropping system based on winter vegetable cash crops such as temperate garlic and onion with medium or late maturity. Among three planting dates 20 July-planted sweet corns had the best field performance in every year considering fresh ear yield, ear size, and stability to grow.