• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2789-2791
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• 2003

Today, many people are sitting on chair in their life. If a sitting posture is not correct, there is some trouble with the waist. And if it goes on long time, sometimes it cause the hurts of waist or the deformded spinal column. A crouched posture is an obstacle to breath and it give rise to drowsiness because the lack of oxygen. Sitting posture is a habit so people can't feel it oneself and look over some kind of risks. It analyzes a condition of muscles by measuring EMG of spinal both side of spin al-bones. It can have a right sitting posture by the analyzing that increasing of muscles tention in one or the other side of muscles when the posture inclines on one side or ahead.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of real-time visual feedback weight shift training during golf swinging on golf performance. Design: Repeated-measures crossover design. Methods: Twenty-sixth amateur golfers were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: The golf swing training with real-time feedback on weight shift (experimental group) swing training on the Wii balance board (WBB) by viewing the center of pressure (COP) trajectory on the WBB. All participants were assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The general golf swing training group (control group) performed on the ground. The golf performance was measured using a high-speed 3-dimensional camera sensor which analyses the shot distance, ball velocity, vertical launch angle, horizontal launch angle, back spin velocity and side spin velocity. The COP trajectory was assessed during 10 practice sessions and the mean was used. The golf performance measurement was repeated three times and its mean value was used. The assessment and training were performed at 24-hour intervals. Results: After training sessions, the change in shot distance, ball velocity, and horizontal launch angle pre- and post-training were significantly different when using the driver and iron clubs in the experimental group (p<0.05). The interaction time${\times}$group and time${\times}$club were not significant for all variables. Conclusions: In this study, real-time feedback training using real-time feedback on weight shifting improves golf shot distance and accuracy, which will be effective in increasing golf performance. In addition, it can be used as an index for golf player ability.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-75
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• 2010

An ion-exchanged reaction of $MnCl_2$ with Al-incorporated solid core/mesoporous shell silica (AlSCMS) followed by calcinations generated manganese species, where average oxidation state of manganese ion is 3+, in the mesoporous materials. Dehydration results in the formation of $Mn^{2+}$ ion species, which can be characterized by electron spin resonance (ESR). The chemical environments of the manganese centers in Mn-AlSCMS were investigated by diffuse reflectance, UV-VIS and ESR spectroscopic methods. Upon drying at 323 K, part of manganese is oxidized to higher oxidation state ($Mn^{3+}$ and $Mn^{4+}$) and further increase in (average) oxidation state takes place upon calcinations at 823 K. It was found that the manganese species on the wall of the Mn-AlSCMS were transformed to tetrahedral $Mn^{3+}$ or $Mn^{4+}$ and further changed to square pyramid by additional coordination to water molecules upon hydration. The oxidized $Mn^{3+}$ or $Mn^{4+}$ species on the surfaces were reversibly reduced to $Mn^{2+}$ or $Mn^{3+}$ species or lower valances by thermal process. Mn(II) species I with a well resolved sextet was observed in calcined, hydrated Mn-AlSCMS, while Mn (II) species II with g = 5.1 and 3.2 observed in dehydrated Mn-AlSCMS. Both species I and II are considered to be non-framework Mn(II).

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.73-90
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• 2001

Vanadium-doped H-SAPO-34 samples were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction between SAPO-34 and the paramagnetic V(Ⅳ) species and characterized carefully by EPR and Electron Spin-Echo Modulation(ESEM) studies. The paramagnetic vanadium species generated in both V$_2$O$\_$5/ and VOSO$\_$4/ of SAPO-34 have the same narrow range of g value fur vanadium species assigned to VO$\^$2+/ inferred from the isotropic EPR spectrum at 293 K. The EPR and ESEM data indicate that the V(Ⅳ) species exist as a vanadyl ion either as [V(Ⅳ)]O$\^$2+/ or V$\^$4+/. The [V(Ⅳ)]O$\^$2+/ species seems to be more probable because SAPO-34 having a low negative framework charged and more positively charged species like V$\^$4+/can not be easily stabilized. Tetravalent vanadium ion in vadium-doped H- SAPO-34 can only be observed at the temperature lower than 77 K, while the vanadyl ion, VO$\^$2+/in the activated sample of VH-SAPO-34 can produce the ion even at room temperature. After the adsorption of methanol, ethanol, propanol or ethene to the VH-SAPO-34, only one molecule coordinate to [V(Ⅳ)]O$\^$2+/ was observed in EPR and ESEM spectra.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2002

$MoO_3$와 H-SAPO-34의 고체상 반응은 상자기성의 Mo(V) 화학종을 띤다. 탈수하면 Mo(V) 화학 종이 약하게 나타나지만 계속적으로 활성화 시키면 ESR로 규명할 수 있는 $Mo(V)_{5c}$와 $Mo(V)_{6c}$와 같은 Mo(V) 화학종이 생성된다. ESR과 ESEM 자료들은 $(MoO_2)^+$나 $(MoO)^{3+}$ 같은 옥소-몰리브덴 화학 종을 보여준다. $(MoO_2)^+$ 화학 종이 다음과 같이 더 합리적인 것 같이 보여진다. H-SAPO-34는 낮은 골격전하를 갖기 때문에 높은 양전하를 갖는 $(MoO)^{3+}$는 쉽게 안정화 되지 못한다. 소성된 H-SAPO-34와 도데카몰리브덴 규산 용액 사이의 용액 상태 반응은 단지 $MoO^{2+}$ 화학 종만을 발생한다. 마름모형 ESR 신호는 $D_2O$, $CD_3OH$, $CH_3CH_2OD$와 $ND_3$를 흡착할 때 관측되었다. Mo(V) 화학 종의 배위구조와 위치는 트리 펄스 전자 스핀반향 자료로 측정하였다. MoH-SAPO-34에 메탄올, 에틸렌 암모니아와 물이 흡착될 때 3분자, 1분자, 1분자와 1분자가 $(MoO_2)^+$에 각각 직접 배위하였다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2003

수평 전기로에서 $CdIn_2Te_4$ 다결정을 용응법으로 합성하고 Bridgman법으로 tetragonal structure의 $CdIn_2Te_4$ 단견정을 성장시켰다. c축에 수직한 시료의 광흡수와 광전류 spectra를 293k에서 10K까지 측정하였다. Hall효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293 K에서 각각 $8.61\times 10^{16}\textrm{cm}^3,\;242\textrm{cm}^$V .s였다. $CdIn_2Te_4$ 단결정의 광흡수와 광전류 spectra를 293k에서 10K까지 측정하였다. 광흡수 스펙트럼으로부터 band gap $E_g$(T)는 Varshni 공식에 따라 계산한 결과 $1.4750ev - (7.69\times10^{-3})\; ev/k)\;T^2$/(T + 2147k)이었다. 광전류 스펙트럼으로부터 Hamilton matrix(Hopfield quasicubic mode)법으로 계산한 결과 crystal field splitting Δcr값이 0.2704 eV이며 spin-orbit $\Delta$so값은 0.1465 eV임을 확인하였다. 10K일 때 광전류 봉우리들은 n : 1일때 $A_\;{1-} B_\;{1-}$와 $C_\;{1-}$-exciton봉우리임을 알았다

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to investigate kinematic parameters of racket head and upper extremities during squash back hand stroke and to provide quantitative data to the players. Five Korean elite male players were used as subjects in this study. To find out the swing motion of the players, the land-markers were attached to the segments of upper limb and 3-D motion analysis was performed. Orientation angles were also computed for angular movement of each segment. The results were as follows. 1) the average time of the back hand swing (downswing + follow-through) was 0.39s (0.24 s + 0.15 s). 2) for each event, the average racket velocity at impact was 11.17m/s and the velocity at the end of swing was 8.03m/s, which was the fastest swing speed after impact. Also, for each phase, 5.10m/s was found in down swing but 7.68m/s was found in follow-through. Racket swing speed was fastest after the impact but the swing speed was reduced in the follow-through phase. 3) in records of average of joints angle, shoulder angle was defined as the relative angle to the body. 1.04rad was found at end of back swing, 1.75rad at impact and it changes to 2.35 rad at the end of swing. Elbow angle was defined as the relative angle of forearm to upper arm. 1.73rad was found at top of backswing, 2.79rad at impact, and the angle was changed to 2.55rad at end of swing. Wrist angle was defined as the relative angle of hand to forearm. 2.48rad was found at top of backswing, 2.86rad at impact, and the angle changes to 1.96rad at end of swing. As a result, if the ball is to fly in the fastest speed, the body has to move in the order of trunk, shoulder, elbow and wrist (from proximal segment to distal segment). Thus, the flexibility of the wrist can be very important factor to increase ball speed as the last action of strong impact. In conclusion, the movement in order of the shoulder, elbow and the wrist decided the racket head speed and the standard deviations were increased as the motion was transferred from proximal to the distal segment due to the personal difference of swing arc. In particular, the use of wrist (snap) may change the output dramatically. Therefore, it was concluded that the flexible wrist movement in squash was very important factor to determine the direction and spin of the ball.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2016

Laser-doped selective emitter process requires dopant source deposition, spin-on-glass, and is able to form selective emitter through SiNx layer by laser irradiation on desired locations. However, after laser doping process, the remaining dopant layer needs to be washed out. Laser-induced melting of pre-deposited impurity doping is a precise selective doping method minimizing addition of process steps. In this study, we introduce a novel scheme for fabricating highly efficient selective emitter solar cell by laser doping. During this process, laser induced damage induces front contact destabilization due to the hindrance of silver nucleation even though laser doping has a potential of commercialization with simple process concept. When the laser induced damage is effectively removed using solution etch back process, the disadvantage of laser doping was effectively removed. The devices fabricated using laser doping scheme power conversion efficiency was significantly improved about 1% abs. after removal the laser damages.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2015

The plant hormone auxin is involved in all stages of plant development. Aux/IAAs are the transcriptional repressors that bind to the Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) to regulate the gene expression upon auxin release. Aux/IAA have highly conserved C-terminal domains (domains III-IV) that mediate both homotypic and heterotypic interactions between Aux/IAA and ARF family proteins. Recent studies revealed that the conserved domains III-IV share a common ${\beta}$-grasp fold that oligomerizes in a front-to-back manner. In particular, Aux/IAA contains a mobile insert helix in the domain III-IV, whereas ARFs do not. Here, we investigated the dynamics of the insert helix using paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. The insert helix exhibited fast motions in the ps-ns time scale from $^{15}N$ relaxation data, but the amplitude of the motion is likely limited to the local neighborhood. Our result suggests that the motion of the helix may have functional implications in protein-protein interactions for transcriptional regulations.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.117-131
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• 1992

A studies on the pattern of sea water circulation was carried out by using drogue experiments, tidal current measurement and hydrographic data in Kamak Bay which has two channels. At the flood, the water inflowed from the northern narrow channel flows mostly to the southward then the westward because Daekyung-island located at the flow path, at the same time the water from the southern channel of bay directed strongly to the north with a spine centered at around Gunnaeri. And these waters converged at the area between eng-Island and Deakyung-Island in the bigining of the flow, and placed at less southern part than the area at the late. The water of the north west inner bay having concave bottom topography inflows to Najin inlet with a spin of anti-clockwise. At the ebb, those waters in the bay turn back to two channels respectively, but most of waters directed to the southern channel of the bay. The directions of residual current of two channels are the southward mainly, and the current of inner area are influenced by the prevailing wind. The north-west inner bay which has the weak tidal current less than 10 cm/sec shows a similar upwelling by off-shore wind in winter, and the stratification in summer, respectively.