• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.2572-2589
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• 2014

Reversible data hiding is a technique for recovering original images without any distortion after secret data are extracted from the image. The technique continues to attract attention from many researchers. In this paper, we introduce a new reversible data hiding scheme based on the adjacent index differences of vector quantization (VQ) indices. The proposed scheme exploits the differences between two adjacent indices to embed secret data. Experimental results show that our scheme can achieve a lower compression rate than an earlier scheme by Yang and Lin. Our scheme's average compression rate, 0.44 bpp, outperforms that of Yang and Lin's scheme, which averages 0.53 bpp. Moreover, the embedding capacity of our scheme can rise to 1.45 bpi, which also is superior to that of Chang et al.'s scheme [35] (1.00 bpi)Yang and Lin's scheme [27] (0.91 bpi) as well as Chang et al.'s scheme [26] (0.74 bpi).

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to evaluate Brand Value by using the K-BPI(Korea Brand Power Index) of Korea Management Association which is based on consumer awareness, as well as to identify how Brand Value which is composed of top of awareness, unaided awareness, aided awareness, image, possibility of purchasing, preference, affects on the Market Share perceived by consumers. This research subjects were 10 hospitals with more than 1,000 beds in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and survey subjects were 20 or older adults living in the metropolitan area of Korea. Using K-BPI for measuring Brand Value and used calculation of Market Share according to consumer preference model for measuring Market Share. The major results of this research are as follows: First, this research identified that the top 5 hospitals of largest hospitals in metropolitan area measured by using K-BPI and Market Share were same hospitals as Big 4 hospitals of previous research evaluating the comprehensive competitiveness of hospitals and also same as hospitals that appeared recently. Second, Big 5 hospitals ranked first to fifth in both Brand Value and Market Share. To identify the relationship between K-BPI items(top of awareness, unaided awareness, aided awareness, image, availability, preference) and Market Share, multiple linear regression was used by dividing 5 upper and 5 lower group of hospitals per each. The group of 5 upper hospitals had a significant effect on Market Share, with 'top of awareness', 'unaided awareness', 'aided awareness'. The group of 5 lower hospitals had a significant effect on Market Share with 'unaided awareness', 'aided awareness'. The results of this study and hospitals of the first to third hospitals published in the K-BPI press release reported by KMAC in 2017, and the previous studies evaluating the comprehensive competitiveness hospitals, all had one thing in common that Big 4 hospitals ranked high position. This suggests that evaluation of Brand Value also can be a evaluation measure of hospital. A new competitiveness of hospital is expected by managing brand awareness to have a brand competitiveness and by securing intrinsic Market Share of consumer to reach hospital use ultimately.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2019

원유는 주요 산업에서 주원료로 활용되고 있는 자원으로 원자재 시장 가격 전반을 대변해주고, 해운시장에서는 선박 연료로 운임 산정에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이다. 이에 따라 원유와 국제 운임지수는 밀접한 관련이 존재한다. 따라서 본 연구는 2009년 1월부터 2019년 6월까지 현물유가(WTI)와 국제운임지수(BDI, BCI, BPI, BSI, BHI)의 일별 자료를 이용하여 유가와 국제운임지수의 의존관계를 분석하였다. 주요 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, copula 추정결과를 보면, WTI-BDI에서는 survival Gumbel copula, WTI-BCI는 Clayton copula, WTI-BPI는 Survival Joe copula, WTI-BSI는 Joe copula, WTI-BHI는 survival Gumbel copula가 가장 적합한 copula 모형으로 선정되었다. 둘째, Kendall's tau를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. BDI와 유가 변화율 조합에서 양(+)의 상관관계가 나타났다. 또한 선형별 국제운임지수(BCI, BPI, BSI, BHI)와 유가 변화율의 조합에서는 BHI와 유가변화율 조합을 제외하고 모두 양(+)의 의존성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, BCI와 유가변화율 조합에서 가장 강한 의존성이 나타났다. 셋째, 꼬리 의존성을 살펴보면 유가변화율과 BDI, BCI는 왼쪽 꼬리의존성이 나타나지만, 유가변화율과 BSI는 오른쪽 꼬리 의존성이 나타났다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to show the effect of complex traditional Korean medical care focused on warm needling(WN) and bee venom(BV) injection for a patient suffering from traumatic brachial plexus injury(BPI). Methods : A 51-year-old female patient with BPI was suffering from paresis and hypoesthesia with upper-extremity impairment. The patient had been treated once a day from 4 Feb to 11 Apr of 2015 mainly with WN and BV injection on the acupoints near the distribution of the brachial plexus. Improvement of the symptoms was measured by range of motion(ROM), manual muscle test(MMT) grip strength, and with the numeric rating scale(NRS) of tactile and pain sensitivity. Results : After 67 days of treatment, all obtained results showed remarkable improvement. The patient's satisfaction declaration was recorded through an interview at the end of the treatment. Conclusions : The results suggest that anatomically concerned WN and BV treatment can be a valuable option in reducing or normalizing pains from traumatic BPI.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제20권
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• pp.134-141
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• 1975

필리핀 수도품종 BPI 76을 사용하여 생육경과에 따른 단일감응도의 변이, 출수에 필요한 최소단일처리구수 그리고 단일출수일수에 도달하는 단일처리회수 등을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 파종후 35일까지는 생육이 진전됨에 따라서 단일감응성이 예민하여 졌으며 35일 이상 생육한 벼의 단일감응성은 더 변함이 없었다. 2. 파종후 생육일수가 경과됨에 따라서 출수에 필요한 단일처리일수는 단축되었으며 단일처리기간이 연장됨에 따라서 출수까지의 일수가 어느정도까지는 단축되었다. 3. 공시품종 BPI 76이 완전출수하는데 필요한 최소단일처리회수는 파종부터 단일조건일때는 29회, 파종 30일후부터 단일조건일때는 12회이었고 파종 35일, 40일, 50일후부터 단일조건일 때는 모두 11회이었다. 4. 최단출수일수에 도달하는데 필요한 단일처리회수는 파종부터는 37회이사, 파종 30일후부터 25회이상 그리고 파종후 35일, 40일, 50일부터는 모두 21회이상이었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2004

Objective : Because the cause and etiology of chronic headache is not yet fully explained, the treatment of this symptom is not simple. This study compares the effects of aroma acupuncture and normal acupuncture applied on chronic headache patients, in order to establish a primary data for further studies of new treatments and developments of new practical acupunctures. Methods : 38 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as Chronic Headache patients. The qualified patients were classified in to two groups, aroma acupuncture group(Aroma AT group, n=23) and normal acupuncture group(AT group, n=15). Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 8 weeks. The acupoints, GV20, HN23, ST8, HN46, TE17, GB20, LI20, LI11, LI14, ST36, and LR3 were stimulated for 20 minutes in both the groups. The effects of both groups were analyzed using VAS scores and BPI (Brief Pain Inventory). Results : The VAS pain scores improved significantly in both groups. The decrease rate was larger in the Aroma AT group(p<0.05). The BPI scores for the both groups also decreased. The improvement in the Aroma AT group was larger(p<0.05). Conclusion : Aroma acupuncture applied on chronic headache patients showed effects of relieving pain, improving general activities, changing the mood, and improving sleeping behaviors. These effects were analyzed using VAS scores and BPI. The Aroma AT group showed significant changes of VAS and BPI compared to the AT group, suggesting that this new practical acupuncture is very effective when treating chronic headaches. Further researches are needed to evaluate the distinct functional mechanism of aroma acupuncture, but this study is meaningful in the sense that it will act as a fundamental study to build on.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

비즈니스 프로세스 인텔리전스(BPI)는 지식의 발견 및 분석 분야의 새로운 기술로서, BPM 기반 조직에 관련된 지식을 발견하고 이를 분석하기 위한 기술들을 말한다. BPI를 통해, 프로세스 기반 조직의 지식을 제어, 모니터링, 예측, 최적화할 수 있게 되는데, 본 논문에서는 특정 비즈니스 프로세스 모델에 참여하는 수행자들과 업무들간의 소속 관계를 나타내는 BPM 업무-수행자 소속성 네트워크 지식에 초점을 맞춘다. 즉, 본 논문에서는 BPM 업무-수행자 소속성 네트워크 지식을 위한 통계 분석 기법을 제안하며, 이를 업무-수행자 대응 분석 기법이라 정의한다. 제안하는 대응 분석 기법의 과정은 이분 행렬을 생성하고, 이에 대한 대응 분석 결과를 가시화하는 과정으로 구성되며, 이를 통해 비즈니스 프로세스 모델 또는 비즈니스 프로세스 패키지에 소속되는 수행자 그룹과 업무 그룹간의 연관 관계를 분석할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 제안하는 업무-수행자 대응 분석 기법을 통해 BPM 기반 조직을 위한 비즈니스 프로세스 모델 또는 비즈니스 프로세스 패키지의 계획 및 설계 과정에서, 업무와 수행자간의 연관 관계를 고려하여, 인적 자원 할당의 효과성과 효율성을 제고할 것이라 기대된다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.272-286
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• 2014

본 연구는 천수만에 서식하는 대형저서동물의 군집구조를 파악하고, 건강도를 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 천수만 해역에서는 총 224종/$5.2m^2$과 1,940개체/$m^2$의 대형저서동물이 출현하였고, 다모류가 111종(평균 $22{\pm}11$종)과 31,525 개체(평균 $1,213{\pm}1,080$개체/$m^2$)의 밀도를 나타내 가장 우점하는 생물이었다. 천수만의 주요 우점종은 이매패류의 아기반투명조개(Theora fragilis), 다모류의 Heteromastus filiformis, 긴자락송곳갯지렁이(Lumbrineris longifolia), Mediomastus californiensis 및 옆새우류의 Eriopisella schellensis 등이었다. 출현 종의 개체수 자료를 기초로 다변량분석(집괴분석과 다차원배열법)을 실시한 결과, 천수만 해역의 대형저서동물 군집은 크게 2개의 그룹(죽도를 중심으로 만의 안쪽해역 정점군과 만의 입구부해역 정점군)과 2개의 정점(춘계와 하계의 정점 2)으로 구분되었다. 한편 천수만의 건강도를 평가하기 위하여 Benthic Pollution Index(BPI)와 ATZI's Marine Biotic Index(AMBI)지수를 이용하였다. 조사기간 동안 BPI지수는 11(bad status, 가장 불량한 상태)~92(high status, 가장 양호한 상태)의 범위를, AMBI는 1.34(good status, 양호한 상태)~4.39(poor status, 불량한 상태)의 범위를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 천수만은 건강도 지수의 평균 값에 있어 BPI와 AMBI지수가 각각 중간 상태(moderate status, 불량과 양호한 상태의 전이단계)와 양호한 상태를 반영하고 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.297-300
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• 2014

This report describes the long term safety and efficacy of intrathecal therapy using Sufentanil for the management of chronic intractable neuropathic pain in 12 chronic pain patients. Standardized psychological screening was used to determine treatment suitability. Evaluation data included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Wong-Baker Faces Scale, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, and complications (granulomas, toxicity, withdrawal, or deaths). SPSS version 18 was used for data analysis. Pre- and post- treatment BPI measures and pain scale scores showed a statistically significant difference. There were no complications directly related to drug toxicity, nor drug withdrawals, granulomas, or deaths. Intrathecal therapy with Sufentanil therapy offers a good treatment alternative for those cases that have failed both surgery and standard pain treatment. Strict patient selection based on psychological screening, control of co-morbidities, a proper pain management may contribute to successful outcome.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2019

Lying on the side while falling asleep deeply after drinking or taking a sleeping pill can cause compressive neuropathy. We report a 70-year-old male patient of medial cord of left brachial plexus injury (BPI) after deep sleep. The mechanism of the injury might be compression and stretching of brachial plexus. The electrodiagnostic study was performed and the medial cord lesion of BPI was suggested. The ultrasonography image of compression site revealed the nerve swelling of medial cord of brachial plexus and median nerve at the mid-arm level. Pharmacologic treatment including oral prednisolone and exercise training were prescribed. On 6 months after initial visit, neurologic symptom and pain were improved but mild sequelae was remained.