• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a complexity reduction method of sample adaptive offset (SAO), which is an in-loop filter in high-efficiency video coding (HEVC). In the conventional SAO, an offset value is calculated for each coding tree block (CTB) to minimize the error between the original and reconstructed images. In order to determine the optimal offset value, all offset candidates are examined and the offset value that leads to the smallest rate-distortion cost is chosen. Thus, SAO occupies a significant amount of the computational complexity in the HEVC encoder. In the proposed method, we determine the least-used band (LUB) by considering the statistical characteristics of offset values and without processing the offset value included in the LUB. Also, in the offset value decision stage, we check only a certain number of candidates rather than all of them. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the encoding time by approximately 8.15% without yielding a significant loss in terms of coding efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.492-492
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• 2014

On account of the good conductivity and optical properties, TCO is generally used in silicon heterojunction solar cell since the emitter material, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), of the solar cell has low conductivity compare to the emitter of crystalline silicon solar cell. However, the work function mismatch between TCO layer and emitter leads to band-offset and interfere the injection of photo-generated carriers. In this study, work function engineering of TCO by oxygen reactive sputtering method was carried out to identify the trend of band-offset change. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current are noticeably changed by work function that effected from variation of oxygen ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.600-600
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• 2012

실리콘 이종접합 태양전지는 diffused dopant를 이용하여 high conductivity의 emitter를 가지는 기존의 crystalline silicon 태양전지와는 다르게 a-Si:H를 이용한 low conductivity emitter 때문에 TCO를 front electrode 및 anti-reflection layer로 사용한다. 하지만 TCO와 emitter사이의 work function mismatch에 의한 band-offset이 발생하고 photo-generation된 carrier의 injection을 막아 효율 상승을 제한하게 된다. 본 연구는 산소 반응성 스퍼터링을 통한 front TCO의 일함수 변경과 이에 따른 TCO와 emitter 계면에 존재하는 band-offset 변화에 대하여 분석하였다. 특히 산소 분압에 따른 front TCO의 일함수 변화에 따라 개방전압 및 단락전류 변화가 두드러지게 나타났으며, 직렬저항 성분 변화에 따른 충진률 변화에 따른 효율상승을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.468-470
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)을 하드웨어로 구현하기 위해서 파이프라인 방식을 인-루프 필터에 새롭게 도입된 기술인 Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO)에 적용하여 병렬화 처리하는 방법을 제안한다. 현재 HEVC 에서 SAO 의 입출력이 프레임단위로 구현되어 있는데, 이를 파이프라인 방식의 하드웨어 설계시에는 Largest Coding Unit(LCU)단위로 입출력이 가능하도록 수정해야 한다. SAO 에서 사용하는 두 가지 방식으로 Edge Offset(EO)과 Band Offset(BO)모드가 있으며, 이 중 EO 모드가 주변 화소값을 이용하므로 주변 화소값 정보가 없는 LCU 경계에 위치한 화소들을 버퍼에 저장한 뒤, 다음 LCU 블록의 입력과 함께 SAO 를 수행한다. 또한, SAO 앞 단의 인-루프 필터 기술인 디블록킹 필터(Deblocking Filter)에서도 LCU 단위로 입출력이 수행되므로 디블록킹 필터에서 저장하는 버퍼를 고려하면, SAO 입력에서 사용가능한 데이터는 LCU 가 천이된 형태가 된다. 따라서 SAO 입력의 천이된 형태와 버퍼 사용에 따라 총 9 가지 타입을 갖게 되며, 이 중 경계에 위치한 블록을 제외한 타입들의 경우 서로 다른 정보를 가진 SAO 를 4 번 수행해야 한다. 이러한 점을 반영한 파이프라인 방식을 SAO 에 적용하여 하드웨어에 적합한 구조를 구현할 수 있다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

In this paper, we present a new current-current negative feedback(CCNF) differential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with 1/f induced low-frequency noise suppressed. By means of the CCNF, the 1/f induced low-frequency noise is removed from the proposed CCNF VCO. Also, high-frequency noise is stopped from being down-converted into phase noise by means of the increased output impedance through the CCNF and the feedback capacitor $C_f. The proposed CCNF VCO represents 11-dB reduction in phase noise at 10 kHz offset, compared with the conventional differential VCO. The phase noise of the proposed CCNF VCO is measured as - 87 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency from 5.5-GHz carrier. The proposed CCNF VCO consumes 14.0 mA at 2.0 V supply voltage, and shows single-ended output power of - 12 dBm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.100-103
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• 2003

A Ku-band Push-push VCO for low cost applications is proposed. The proposed push-push oscillator achieves a wide tuning range in Ku-band by the collector bias tuning instead of extra varactor diodes. The measurement shows a wide tuning range of 900MHz, fundamental suppression of -30dBc and good phase noise of -115dBc@1MHz offset.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.66-69
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• 2016

In this paper, we suggests a Ka-band LNB considering next-generation UHD satellite TVRO. Since Ka-band has grater attenuation than Ku-band in atmosphere, we designed the low-noise down-converter to improve receiving sensitivity and to extend a dynamic range of receiver. It aims to compensate a quality of ultra high definition transmission signal for rainfall. The low-noise block diagram consists of a three-staged amplifier (LNA), band-pass filter for deleting image (BPF), mixer and IF when considering nonlinear characteristics in the receiver RF front end module. Also, we showed a LNB through optimization processes affecting dynamic range directly in receiver FEM. Asa resuly of experiment, the gain of low-noise down-converter show between 58.5dB and 60.7dB, the noise figure has a high characteristic as 1.38dB. Finally, the phase noise of local oscillator is -63.10dBc at 100MHz offset frequency.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.25-34
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• 1996

In this paper, we have designed signal conditioning circuitry for piezoresistive pressure sensor. Signal conditioning circuitry consists of voltage reference circuit for sensor driving voltage and instrument amplifier for sensor signal amplification. Signal conditioning circuitry is simulated using HSPICE in a single poly double metal $1.5\;{\mu}m$ BiCMOS technology. Simulation results of band-gap reference circuit showed that temperature coefficient of $21\;ppm/^{\circ}C$ at the temperature range of $0\;{\sim}\;70^{\circ}C$ and PSRR of 80 dB. Simulation results of BiCMOS amplifier showed that dc voltage gain, offset voltage, CMRR, CMR and PSRR are outperformed to CMOS and Bipolar, but power dissipation and noise voltage were more improved in CMOS than BiCMOS and Bipolar. Designed signal conditioning circuitry showed high input impedance, low offset and good CMRR, therefore, it is possible to apply sensor and instrument signal conditioning circuitry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.601-601
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• 2012

본 연구는 Zr이 doping된 ITO target (ITO:Zr)을 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하의 낮은 온도에서 RF magnetron sputtering을 이용한 증착으로 high mobility, high workfunction의 TCO 박막을 제작하고 이를 실리콘 이종접합 태양전지의 front TCO 적용에 관한 연구이다. 상기 공정으로 제작된 ITZO 박막의 가장 낮은 비저항은 $2.58{\times}10-4{\Omega}-cm$이며 이때의 투과도는 90%를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 기존의 TCO로 사용되던 AZO 및 ITO보다 높은 work function으로 인하여 태양전지의 front TCO 적용시 710 mV 이상의 개방 전압 상승과 band-offset 감소에 따른 34.44 mA 이상의 단락전류 상승을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 높은 mobility에 의한 면저항 감소로 충진률 상승도 얻을 수 있었다. 상기 인자에 대한 태양전지 특성의 변화는 quantum efficiency 분석으로 규명할 수 있었다.