• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.726-735
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• 2010

Publications with the data on allometric equation, biomass and productivity of major oak forests in Korea were reviewed. Different allometric equations of major oak species showed site- or speciesspecific dependences. The biomass of major oak forests varied with age, dominant species, and location. Aboveground tree biomass over the different oak species was expressed as a power equation of the stand age. The proportion of tree component (stem, branch and leaf) to total aboveground biomass differed among oak species, however, biomass ranked stem > branch > leaf in general. The leaf biomass allocation over the different oak species was expressed as a power equation of total aboveground biomass while there were no significant patterns of biomass allocation from stem and branch to the aboveground biomass. Tree root biomass continuously increased with the aboveground biomass for the major oak forests. The relationship between the root to shoot ratio and the aboveground tree biomass was expressed by a logarithmic equation for major oak forests in Korea. Thirteen sets of data were used for estimating the net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of oak forests. The mean NPP and NEP across different oak forests was 10.2 and 1.9 Mg C $ha^{-1}year^{-1}$. The results in biomass allocation, NPP and NEP generally make Korean oak forests an important carbon sinks.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2009

Based on the stem analysis and biomass measurement of 36 trees and 1,576 branches in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Mongolian pine) plantations of Northeast China, this study was conducted to develop estimation model equation for leaf biomass of a single tree and branch, to examine the vertical distribution of leaf biomass in the crown, and to evaluate the proportional ratios of biomass by tree parts, stem, branch, and leaf. The results indicated that DBH and crown length were quite appropriate to estimate leaf biomass. The biomass of single branch was highly correlated with branch collar diameter and relative height of branch in the crown, but not much with stand density, site quality, and tree height. Weibull distribution function would have been appropriate to express vertical distribution of leaf biomass. The shape parameters from 29 sample trees out of 36 were less than 3.6, indicating that vertical distribution of leaf biomass in the crown was displayed by bell-shaped curve, a little inclined toward positive side. Apparent correlationship was obtained between leaf biomass and branch biomass having resulted in linear function equation. The stem biomass occupied around 80% and branch and leaf made up about 20% of total biomass in a single tree. As the level of tree class was increased from class I to class V, the proportion of the stem biomass to total biomass was gradually increased, but that of branch and leaf became decreased.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

This study was conducted to develop allometric equations and to determine the stem density and biomass expansion factor (BEF) for the estimation of the aboveground and belowground biomass of Cryptomeria japonica in Jeju Island, Korea. A total of 18 trees were harvested from the 40-year-old C. japonica stands in Hannam experimental forest, Jeju Island. The mean biomass of the C. japonica was $50.4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in stem wood, $23.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in root, $9.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in branch, $4.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in needle and $4.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in stem bark. The diameter at breast height (DBH) was selected as independent variable for the development of allometric equations. To evaluate the performance of these equations, coefficient of determination ($R^2$) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used and results of the evaluation showed that $R^2$ ranged from 71% (root biomass equation) to 96% (aboveground biomass equation) and the RMSE ranged from 0.10 (aboveground biomass equation) to 0.33 (root biomass equation). The mean stem density of C. japonica was $0.37g\;cm^{-3}$ and the mean aboveground BEF was $1.28g\;g^{-1}$. Furthermore, the ratio of the root biomass to aboveground biomass was 0.32.

• 생태와환경
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2024

Zooplankton biomass is essential for understanding the quantitative structure of lake food webs and for the functional assessment of biotic interactions. In this study, we aimed to propose a biomass (dry weight) estimation method using the body length of cyclopoid copepods. These copepods play an important role as omnivores in lake zooplankton communities and contribute significantly to biomass. We validated several previously proposed estimation equations against direct measurements and compared the suitability of prosomal length versus total length of copepods to suggest a more appropriate estimation equation. After comparing the regression analysis results of various candidate equations with the actual values measured on a microbalance-using the coefficient of variation, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination-it was determined that the Total Length-DW exponential regression equation [W=0.7775×e^2.0183L; W (㎍), L (mm)] could be used to calculate biomass with higher accuracy. However, considering practical issues such as the morphological similarity between species and genera of copepods and the limitations of classifying copepodid stages, we derived a general regression equation for the pooled copepod community rather than a species-specific regression equation.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 중부지방소나무와 굴참나무의 부위별 바이오매스 상대생장식 개발에 있다. 부위별 상대생장식의 개발을 위하여 축적 및 임분의 구조를 고려하여 중부지방소나무에서 30개소 (70그루), 굴참나무에서 15개소 (32그루)를 선정하고 시료를 수집하였다. 바이오매스의 추정에 이용된 인자는 흉고직경, 흉고직경과 수고를 이용하는 두 가지이며, 지수식, 대수식, 2차방정식의 형태로 구분하였다. 최적의 상대생장식을 도출하기 위하여 이용된 통계량은 적합도지수 (FI), 잔차의 평균 (Bias), 잔차의 표준오차 (SEE)이다. 이를 통하여 추정된 수종별 바이오매스 상대생장식은 중부지방소나무에서 $W=aD^b$, $W=aD^bH^c$ 식이 적합하며 적합도는 0.937, 0.943이다. 반면, 굴참나무는 $W=a+bD+cD^2$, $W=aD^bH^c$ 식이 적합하며 적합도는 0.865, 0.874이다. 또한, 중부지방소나무와 굴참나무의 부위별 바이오매스 상대생장식은 중부지방소나무 $W=aD^b$ 이고, 굴참나무 $W=a+bD+cD^2$ 으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로 제시된 중부지방소나무, 굴참나무의 바이오매스 상대생장식은 일부지역에 국한되어 개발되었던 상대생장식에 대한 단점을 보완할 수 있을 것이며 이들 수종에 대한 탄소량의 계정에 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2007

Forest plantations become important strategy not merely for the financial aspect, but for carbon sequestration and ecosystem stability. Forest plantations increase the density of the forest biomass, which reduce the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Biomass density is also a useful variable for comparing structural and functional attributes of forest ecosystems across a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, carbon sequestration of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in the individual tree and plantation levels estimation was carried out Site-specific allometric equation for the estimation of teak tree biomass was developed based on the direct measurement of fifteen (15) harvested trees in the Oak-twin Township of the Bago Yoma Region, Myanmar. A regression equation of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (carbon content) was constructed to estimate the carbon storage level of plantations, which averaged 79 ton/ha. The average carbon accumulation in the soil (up to 30 cm in depth) was estimated 38.89 ton/ha, The highest mean annual increment (MAI) of total carbon was found in the 6-yr-old teak plantation (12.10 ton/ha/yr) whereas the lowest MAI was in the 26-yr-old teak plantation (4.31 ton/ha/yr).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1997

The cloging phenomenon in the fixed film reactor Is shown when biomass growth Is excessive for long operating time. In addition, effluent water Quality gets worse because of detachment of biomass. In this study, we conducted air-backwashing to sustain biomass In reactor to complement these defects. The results of experimental are showed In the following conclusion. The detachment rate was 19.5 - 38.0% when the organic loading rate was 0.40 - 1.32 kg COD/$m^3$/day, the k - backwashing Intensity was 2 L/min(6.7 $m^3$/$m^2$/hrl and the backwashing time was 15 - 19 seconds. And the detachment rate was 32.2 - 58.6 % when the organic loading rate was 1.37 - 2.27 kg COD/$m^2$/day, the backwashing time was 1 - 12 minutes. As orgnic loading rate and backwashing time ale Increased, detachment of fixed biomass Is Increased. The detachment equation with detachment rate(DR, %), backwashing time(BWT, min), fixed biomass concentration(FB. mg/L), and organic leading rate(OLR, kg COD/ms/day) through multiple linear regession was given by the following equation: DR : 17.964 $BWT^{0.1407} FB^{0.0597} OLR^{0.1946}$

• 생태와환경
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2023

Simocephalus spp.는 수생식물이 발달한 호소의 수변부 및 습지 서식처에서 우점 출현하는 중대형 지각류로, 해당 서식처의 동물플랑크톤 군집 생체량(biomass)에 기여하는 정도가 높아 먹이망 내 생물학적 상호작용을 기반으로 한 물질 순환을 이해하기 위해서는 Simocephalus종들의 생체량 산정이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 S. serrulatus의 생체량 추정에 사용되어지고 있던 기존의 선행 산정식을 검토하고, 현미경 디지털 카메라와 미세 저울 같은 장비를 사용하여 개체의 다양한 체측값(체장, 너비 및 면적)과 생체량(건중량)을 직접 측정하여 상호 간 회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 국내 『생물측정망 조사 및 평가지침 - 보구간편』에서 제시하고 있는 Simocephalus spp.의 생체량 산정식(Kawabata and Urabe, 1998)을 사용하여 S. serrulatus 생체량을 추정했을 때, Lemke and Benke (2003)에 의해 개발된 S. serrulatus종 특이적 생체량 산정식 대비 추정치-실측치 간 오차가 상대적으로 크게 나타났으며, 두 산정식에서 모두 개체 체장 증가에 따른 오차 증가 및 유사 체장 개체 간 오차 편차 증가 경향이 보여졌다. 체측값별로 건중량과 회귀 분석을 실시한 결과, S. serrulatus 생체량 추정에 가장 적합한 산정식은 너비-건중량 지수 회귀식(R²=0.9555)으로 도출되었다. 이 같은 종 특이적 생체량 산정식의 검토 및 개발 연구는 수생태계 먹이망 내 동물플랑크톤 역할 및 기능 파악하는 데 도구(tool)로써 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2018

Biomass determination of species-specific in forest ecosystem by semi-destructive measures requires the development of allometric equations; predict aboveground biomass observable independent variables such as, Diameter at Breast Height, Height, and Volume are crucial role. There has not been equation of this type in mountain Chuqala natural forest. In this study two species namely, Hypericum revolutum Vahl. & Maesa lanceoleta Forssk. with tree diameter classes (15-20, 20.5-25, and 25.5-35 cm), with the purpose of conducting allometric equations were characterized. Each species assumed considered individually. For the linear model fit the two observed variable DBH, H and V were preferred for the prediction of above ground biomass. The best fitted model choose among the two formed model were identified using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and $R^2$ and adjacent $R^2$. Based on this the best fit model for Hypericum revolutum Vahl. was AGB=-681.015+4,494.06 (DBH), and for Maesa lanceoleta Forrsk. was. AGB=-936.96+5,268.92 (DBH).

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2009

버섯은 생태계에서 분해자로 역할을 담당하며, 그 양은 생태계의 건전성을 나타내는 중요한 지표이다. 버섯의 생산량을 알기 위해서는 개체를 수확하여 그 무게를 측정하여야 한다. 그러나 이 방법은 버섯 개체를 수확할 때 서식지를 훼손하고, 또한 한 지역에서 버섯의 동태를 장기적으로 관찰하는데 적합하지 못하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자실체의 외부 형질을 측정하고 이로부터 현존량을 추정하는 비례식을 만들었다. 사용한 버섯은 표고(L. edodes), 느타리(P. ostreatus), 팽이버섯(F. velutipes)과 종버섯(C. tenera)이다. 버섯의 자실체에서 형질 변수(갓 직경, PD; 갓 면적, PA; 대 길이, SL; 대 두께, ST)를 측정하고, 이 변수로부터 건조 생물량과의 회귀관계식을 구하였다. 그 결과 버섯 4종 모두 추정한 식에서 유의한 상관성을 보임으로써(p < 0.05), 외부 형질 변수로부터 유도된 비례식을 사용하여 버섯의 현존량을 예측할 수 있음이 확인되었다.