• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

We introduce the coordination among the intrusion detection agents by BBA(BlackBoard Architecture) that belongs to the field of distributed artificial intelligence. The system which uses BBA for the coordination can be easily expanded by adding new agents and increasing the number of BB(BlackBoard) levels. Several simulation tests performed on the targer network will illustrate our techniques. And this paper applies PBN(Policy-Based Network) to reduce the false positives that is one of the main problems of IDS. The performance obtained from the coordination of intrusion detection agent with PBN is compared against the corresponding non PBN type intrusion detection agent. The application of the research results lies in the experimentation of the various security policies according to the network types in selecting the best security policy that is most suitable for a given network.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

This article explores the questions regarding PND and PID, especially the concrete legal conditions for the justification of PND and PID. As such, the German law stipulating PND and PID in a very concrete and detailed manner is introduced and explained in comparison with the corresponding South Korean law. The South Korean Bioethics and Biosafety Act (BBA) stipulates various types of gene testing and does not demonstrate a delicate sense of each type of gene testing. In contrast to the South Korean regulation, in Germany, there exist specific regulations for genetic counseling. Especially in the case of PND, GEKO stipulates the process of genetic counseling very concretely, based on GenDG. In the case of PND and PID, it is important that the people concerned understand the meaning of testing in various angles, and restructuralize it by combining it with their own values as the diagnosis is directly combined with pregnancy/abortion, which influences the whole life of a woman (and her partner). In this context, the South Korean BBA needs to be amended as soon as possible. The sections on informed consent also need to be amended to make them more concrete. Furthermore, guidelines for concretizing the regulation of BBA need to be continuously formulated and developed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.948-958
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• 2022

Since reliability and security of man-machine system increasingly depend on reliability of human, human reliability analysis (HRA) has attracted a lot of attention in many fields especially in nuclear engineering. Dependence assessment among human tasks is a important part in HRA which contributes to an appropriate evaluation result. Most of methods in HRA are based on experts' opinions which are subjective and uncertain. Also, the dependence influencing factors are usually considered to be constant, which is unrealistic. In this paper, a new model based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DSET) and fuzzy number is proposed to handle the dependence between two tasks in HRA under uncertain and dynamic situations. First, the dependence influencing factors are identified and the judgments on the factors are represented as basic belief assignments (BBAs). Second, the BBAs of the factors that varying with time are reconstructed based on the correction BBA derived from time value. Then, BBAs of all factors are combined to gain the fused BBA. Finally, conditional human error probability (CHEP) is derived based on the fused BBA. The proposed method can deal with uncertainties in the judgments and dynamics of the dependence influencing factors. A case study is illustrated to show the effectiveness and the flexibility of the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.593-603
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• 2010

Most spatial data acquisition systems employing a set of frame cameras may have suffered from their small fields of view and poor base-distance ratio. These limitations can be significantly reduced by employing an omni-directional camera that is capable of acquiring images in every direction. Bundle Block Adjustment (BBA) is one of the existing georeferencing methods to determine the exterior orientation parameters of two or more images. In this study, by extending the concept of the traditional BBA method, we attempt to develop a mathematical model of BBA for omni-directional images. The proposed mathematical model includes three main parts; observation equations based on the collinearity equations newly derived for omni-directional images, stochastic constraints imposed from GPS/INS data and GCPs. We also report the experimental results from the application of our proposed BBA to the real data obtained mainly in urban areas. With the different combinations of the constraints, we applied four different types of mathematical models. With the type where only GCPs are used as the constraints, the proposed BBA can provide the most accurate results, ${\pm}5cm$ of RMSE in the estimated ground point coordinates. In future, we plan to perform more sophisticated lens calibration for the omni-directional camera to improve the georeferencing accuracy of omni-directional images. These georeferenced omni-directional images can be effectively utilized for city modelling, particularly autonomous texture mapping for realistic street view.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.310-319
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• 2003

As the importance and the need for network security are increased, many organizations use the various security systems. They enable to construct the consistent integrated security environment by sharing the network vulnerable information among IDS (Intrusion Detection System), firewall and vulnerable scanner. The multiple IDSes coordinate by sharing attacker's information for the effective detection of the intrusion is the effective method for improving the intrusion detection performance. The system which uses BBA (Blackboard Architecture) for the information sharing can be easily expanded by adding new agents and increasing the number of BB (Blackboard) levels. Moreover the subdivided levels of blackboard enhance the sensitivity of the intrusion detection. For the simulation, security models are constructed based on the DEVS (Discrete Event system Specification) formalism. The intrusion detection agent uses the ES (Expert System). The intrusion detection system detects the intrusions using the blackboard and the firewall responses to these detection information.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.500-503
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• 2014

If a ruptured blood blister-like aneurysm (BBA) arises from the lateral or superolateral wall of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the level of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA), its proximity to the origin of the AChA presents a serious surgical challenge to preserve the patency of the AChA. Two such rare cases are presented, along with successful surgical techniques, including the application of a C-shaped aneurysm clip parallel to the ICA and a microsuture technique to repair the arterial defect. The patency of the AChA and ICA was successfully preserved without recurrence or rebleeding of the BBA during a 1-year follow-up after the operation.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.847-852
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• 1997

Many investigations about the dynamic analysis of the structural system based on the BBA(Building Block Approach) method which predict dynamic characteristics of synthesized structures from each structure. But it is actually sometimes difficult to remove mounts from structures. In this paper, TFSM(The Transfer Function Separation Method) is developed which can predict dynamic characteristics of separated structures from the data of vibrational experiment of the synthesized structures. By combining TFSM with BBA, this paper also proposes the method which can predict dynamic characteristics of mount-modified structure without removing mounts from structures. And the proposed method is verified by the experimental data of plates.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.91-105
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• 2002

The attackers on Internet-connected systems we are seeing today are more serious and technically complex than those in the past. So it is beyond the scope of amy one system to deal with the intrusions. That the multiple IDSes (Intrusion Detection System) coordinate by sharing attacker's information for the effective detection of the intrusion is the effective method for improving the intrusion detection performance. The system which uses BBA (BlackBoard Architecture) for the information sharing can be easily expanded by adding new agents and increasing the number of BB (BlackBoard) levels. Moreover the subdivided levels of blackboard enhance the sensitivity of the intrusion detection. For the simulation, security models are constructed based on the DEVS (Discrete EVent system Specification) formalism. The intrusion detection agent uses the ES (Expert System). The intrusion detection system detects the intrusions using the blackboard and the firewall responses these detection information.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.985-998
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• 2021

In general, the upstream dam changes downstream flow regime dramatically, i.e., from natural flow regime to hydropeaking flows. This study investigates the impact of the natural flow pattern on downstream fish habitat in a regulated river in Korea using the physical habitat simulation. The study area is a 13.4 km long reach of the Geum-gang River, located downstream from the Yongdam Dam, Korea. A field monitoring revealed that three fish species are dominant, namely Zacco platypus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, and Opsariichthys bidens, and they account for 70% of the total fish community. Specially, Opsariichthys bidens is an indigenous species in the Geum-gang River. The three fish species are selected as target fish species for the physical habitat simulation. The Nays2D model, a 2D shallow water equation solver, and the HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model are used for hydraulic and habitat simulations, respectively. To assess the impact of the natural flow pattern, this study uses the annual natural flow regime and hydropeaking flows from the dam. It is found that the natural flow regime increases significantly the Composite Suitability Index (CSI) in the study reach. Then, using the Building Block Approach (BBA), the scenarios for the modifying dam operations are presented in the study reach. Both Scenario 1 and scenario 2 are proposed by using the hydrological method considering both magnitude and duration of the inflow and averaging the inflow over each month, respectively. It is revealed that the natural flow regime embodied in scenario 1 and scenario 2 increases the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) significantly, compared to the hydropeaking flows. In conclusion, the modifying the dam operations by restoring to the natural flow pattern is advantageous to fish community.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.577-587
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• 2007

Single-copy chloroplast loci are used widely to infer phylogenetic relationship at different taxonomic levels among various groups of plants. To test the utility of chloroplast loci and to provide additional data applicable to hybrid evolution in Musa, we sequenced two introns, rpl16 and ndhA, and two intergenic spacers, psaA-ycf3 and petA-psbJ-psbL-psbF and combined these data. Using these four regions, Musa acuminata Cola(A)- and M. balbisiana Colla (B)-containing genomes were clearly distinguished. Some triploid interspecific hybrids contain A-type chloroplasts (the AAB/ABB) while others contain B-type chloroplasts (the BBA/BBB). The chloroplasts of all cultivars in 'Namwa' (BBA) group came from the same wild maternal origin, but the specific parents are still unrevealed. Though, average sequence divergences in each region were little (less than 2%), we propose that petA-psbJ intergenic spacer could be developed for diversity assessment within each genome. This segment contains three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two indels which could distinguish diversity within A genome whereas this same region also contains one SNP and an indel which could categorize B genome. However, an inverted repeat region which could form hairpin structure was detected in this spacer and thus was omitted from the analyses due to their incongruence to other regions. Until thoroughly identified in other members of Musaceae and Zingiberales clade, utility of this inverted repeat as phylogenetic marker in these taxa are cautioned.