• 제목/요약/키워드: BAG5

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가방 휴대방법과 무게에 따른 어깨높이, 중력 중심선과 발바닥 압력 변화 연구 (The investigation of shoulder height, center of gravity and plantar pressure by backpack weight and location)

  • 손선주;한민규;이혜진;서영미;박하나;이상영;박철우;권구현;김형수
    • 대한물리치료과학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2011
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study found change that caused by various form and weight of bag. So we investigated how these things change the shoulder altitude and space between external acoustic pore and lateral malleolus and also plantar pressure. Method : We measured two different way for this study. One was backpack with 5, 10kg and another one was shoulder pack with same weight. Each trial was 10 seconds in duration with static stance posture. With these experiments, we checked space between plantar pressure, shoulder altitude, external acoustic pore and lateral malleolus with EMED system and GPS. We analyzed these results with PASW(SPSS) statistics 18.0. Result : In conclusion, there were no significantly differences in shoulder altitude by weight of pack, but average of plantar pressure and space between external acoustic pore and lateral malleolus was increased.

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가방 하중의 크기와 방식에 따른 척추 정적 자세의 변화 (Alteration of the Static Posture of Spine under Different Types and Amounts of Loading)

  • 박용현;김영관;김윤혁
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.230-236
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    • 2011
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration of lumbar spine and trunk postures on different load-carrying types and amounts under static loading. Two load-carrying types(unilateral carrying: UC vs. bilateral carrying: BC) and four different loads(0, 5, 10, and 15 kg) were randomly tested in this study. Carrying a heavy bag would affect human body posture, specifically lumbar spine curvature, which is considered as one of sources of back problems. Previous studies have not paid attention to the approach of the multisegment model of the lumbar spine and trunk. This study separated two compartments of trunk segment(the lumbar and thorax) in the analysis. The multisegment model of the lumbar spine in addition to Helen-Hayes marker set was used. Eight motion analysis cameras and a force plate were utilized. Ten male subjects(mean mass, $70.6{\pm}3.97$ kg; mean height, $178{\pm}4.18$ m) having no musculoskeletal disease participated in this study. We analyzed trunk angles in three anatomical planes and the spinal curvature in sagittal and frontal planes. Increased loading in both UC and BC significantly resulted in increases in trunk forward lean but only UC induced increases in trunk lateral lean. In addition, increased loading in BC produced flatten lumbar curvature in sagittal plane. As far as coupling motion, subjects tended to use axial rotation of the lumbar spine in transverse plane in response to increased UC loading. Finally, it is concluded that the increased static loading in UC rather than in BC tends to causes combined alterations of the spinal postures(sagittal and transverse planes together), which would be vulnerable to improper mechanical stresses on the spine.

일부 근로여성이 호소하는 월경전후기 불편감, 월경대처 및 증상완화 정도에 관한 연구 (Perimenstrual Discomforts, Coping and Relief of Symptoms in Female Workers)

  • 성미혜;민경옥;장윤정;전주연
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.57-68
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: To identify perimenstrual discomforts, coping and relief of symptoms in female workers. Methods: A convenience sample of 203 women who had worked were obtained from two hospitals in Busan. Data were collected through questionnaires from November 8 to 16, 2004. Three instruments were used in this study: the Perimenstrual Discomfort Questionnaire by Park(1988) and the Menstrual Coping Questionnaire and the Relief of Symptoms by Billings & Moos(1981) modified for this study. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA with SPSS 10.0 program. Results: The prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea was 81.3%. The total mean score for perimenstrual discomforts was 2.83 out of a possible total of 5 and the mean score for each category was, 3.08 for water retention, 2.95 for pain, 2.88 for negative affect, 2.83 for behavioral change, 2.73 for autonomic reactions, and 2.51 for concentration. According to these study results, statistical differences were found for age(F=2.76, p=0.04), feeling to menstruation(F=3.94, p=0.00), dysmenorrhea(t=4.26, p=0.00), and taking medication(t=2.09, p=0.00). The coping modes with the highest scores were 'take a hot bath'(99.0%)', 'rest and go to bed'(83.7%), 'regard menstruation as a physiological and temporary phenomenon'(76.8%), 'take a warm shower'(65.0%). The most frequently used methods to relieve symptoms were 'rest and go to bed'(70.0%), 'take a warm shower'(57.6%), 'take pain killers'(49.8%), 'apply hot water bag on painful parts of the body'(46.8%). Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand perimenstrual discomforts and the variables associated with them. Nursing intervention has to be considered in any program aiming to reduce perimenstrual discomforts.

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Decomposition and Nutrient Dynamics of Aquatic Macrophytes in Lake Paldang

  • Shin, Jin-Ho;Yang, Keum-Chul;Yeon, Myung-Hun;Shim, Jae-Kuk
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.231-236
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    • 2007
  • This study examined the decomposition of blades and culms of aquatic emergent plant species, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites communis and Typha angustata, and changes in nutrient contents during decomposition. Z. latifolia, P. communis and T. angustata were the most frequently occurring species in Lake Paldang of Han River, Korea. Experiments were carried out from July 27 to December 14, 2005 in Lake Paldang using the litter bag method. The remaining masses of blade litter of each species at the end of experimental period were 21.2% of initial dry weight in Z. latifolia, 32.5% in P. communis, and 44.7% in T. angustata. In addition, the remaining mass of culm was 22.6% of initial dry mass in Z. latifolia, 56.4% in P. communis, and 38.1% in T. angustata. During the litter decomposition period, P, K, Na, and Mg concentration decreased rapidly within 10 days, but Ca and Mg concentration declined slowly. K contents remained below 10% of initial values in all litter samples retrieved during decomposition, whereas Ca and Mg concentration remained above 40% and 50% during decomposition in all three species. Na, P and Mn contents in litter varied among species and plant parts. P concentration in culms of P. communis remained at about 60% of initial concentration throughout the study, but the remaining P content in culms of Z. latifolia was only 10% of the original value at the end of the study period. The Mn concentration in blades of P. communis increased about 15-fold relative to the initial content by the end of experiment.

맛사지와 운동이 심도자검사 환자의 불편감에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (A study on the effect of massage and exercise on discomfort in patients following cardiac catheterization)

  • 이은자
    • 간호행정학회지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.81-94
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    • 1997
  • Cardiac catheterization has become a routine diagnostic procedure indicated for evaluation of a wide variety of cardiac conditions. Patients are admitted to the coronary care unit after cardiac catheterization. These conscious patients used to report discomfort in the CCU, but no studies have been done to reduce discomfort induced by bed rest, sand bag on the femoral puncture site and restricted mobility for about 20 hours postprocedure. The main objective of thesis is to provide basic data to nursing on interventions which decrease discomfort perceived by patients in the CCU following cardiac catheterization. The subjects were 79 patients following cardiac catheterization who were admitted to the CCU of a general hospital in Inchon. These patients were divided into a massage-applied group, an exercise-applied group and an contrast group. Questionare was prepared by Lee(1995), and tested for content reliability by item analysis : Cron bach's ${\alpha}$ for the instrument measuring discomfort was. 63. The data were collected from January 25 to May 15, 1996. Analysis of data was done by paired t-test, ANOVA ,SNK test, Chi-square test. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. There were no significant differences among a massage-applied group, an exercise-applied group and an contrast group according to general information except religion and admission period. 2. There were found no significant differences among the three groups in the results of pretest (The score of the first : 55.5, the second : 54.3 and the last : 51.6), 3. In the degree of discomfort according to general characteristics were found some significant differences for marital status. But there were no significant differences for sex, age, occupation, number of family, religion, educational status and admission period. 4. There was effect on reduced discomfort with massage or exercise following cardiac catheterization.

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생광석 함유 폴리에틸렌 필름을 사용한 김치의 포장저장 (Packaging and Storage of kimchi with Polyethylene Film Contained Raw Ore)

  • 김순동;김미향;김미경
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.355-362
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    • 1998
  • 적외선을 발생하는 생광석 분말을 0, 10, 20, 30 및 40%를 함유하는 폴리에틸렌필름(PFRO)을 제작하여 그 특성을 조사하는 한편 김치를 포장하여 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 대장균을 비롯한 균수와 품질변화를 조사하였다. pH와 산도의 변화로 평가한 숙성정도는 PFRO포장김치가 대조구에 비하여 숙성이 촉진되는 경향을 나타내었으나 숙성된 김치맛을 띠는 총기간은 길었다. PFRO포장김치는 대조구에 비하여 젖산균 수는 많으면서 대장균수는 현저하게 적었으며, L*값은 전반적으로 낮은 반면 a*, b*값은 높았다. PFRO포장김치는 대조구에 비하여 숙성 숙성초기부터 숙성된 맛과 적당한 아삭아삭한 맛을 나타내었으며, 종합적인 맛의 평가치가 높게 유지되는 일수가 길었다. 김치 포장에 적합한 생광석 함유율은 10-20%이었다.

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농약 표시 글자 크기 가이드라인 설정을 위한 가독성 평가 (Legibility evaluation of the safety and health information used in pesticides)

  • 임창욱;황혜영;송영웅
    • 대한안전경영과학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2011
  • Safety and health related information for the proper use and handling of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products (bottle type or bag type) in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. Total twenty subjects from two age groups (young: n=10, old: n=10, five males and five females in each group) participated in the experiment. First, subjects read the text cards presented in the distance of 50cm from the eyes of the subjects. Eight different text card sets were prepared for different font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables (2 and 3 syllables). When subjects read the cards, the correctness of reading (correct or wrong) was recorded and the degree of discomfort (from 1: no discomfort at all to 4: can't read at all) was also evaluated for all the text sizes. Results showed that the character size should be 4 pt or larger for the young subjects to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions. For the old subjects to read at least one word correctly, the character size should be five pt or larder. The average of the minimum character sizes for 100% correct answer is 6.1 pt for young subjects and 10.5 pt for old subjects, respectively.

강화도 연안 돛대 기새우 (Leptochela gracilis)의 성장에 관한 연구 (Growth Characteristics of Leptochela gracilis in the Coastal water near Kanghwa Island, Korea)

  • 박영철;이영철
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.138-146
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    • 1995
  • 본 연구는 강화도 연안 새우류(Decapoda, Macrura) 군집의 우점종인 돛대 기새우 (Leptochela gracilis (STIMPSON, 1860))의 성장 양상을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 시료는 1개의 동일한 정점에서 낭장망을 이용하여 채집하였으며 1993년 4월부터 1994 년 1월까지 8월을 제외한 월별 채집을 하였다. 돛대 기새우의 포란 개체는 4월에서 9 월까지 출현하였는데 5월에서 7월의 포란률이 70% 이상나타나 포란성기로 여겨진다. 또한 성비는 4월을 제외한 조사 전월에 걸쳐 암컷이 우세하였으며 포란기와 비포란기 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 돛대 기새우 개체군은 장기세대와 단기 세대의 두 형태의 세대로 나눌 수 있었고 장기세대의 수명은 1년에서 1년 3개월 정도 로 추측된다. 단기세대의 경우는 9월 포란군에 의해 산란되어 12월이후 감소하는데, 이들이 환경 요인들의 악화로 사망하는 것인지, 월동이후 성장률의 차이에 의해 장기 세대 병합되는 것인지는 밝힐 수 없었다. 장기세대를 Von Bertalanffy 성장식과 계절 변동을 고려한 Pauly and Gaschutz 성장식에 적용시켜본 결과 Pauly and Gaschutz 성 장식이 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

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중국 패션시장의 성공적 진입을 위한 한.중 스트리트 패션스타일 비교.분석 - 서울시와 대련시의 비교를 중심으로 - (A Comparative Analysis of Street Fashion Styles in Korea and China, For Successful Launching into Chinese Fashion Market - Focusing on the Seoul and Dalian -)

  • 배수정;오현아
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2009
  • The main investigation of this thesis is about the comparative analysis of the fashion style preferences in the ages of 20-30 women, according to the style, by researching the area of Dalian and Seoul, represented as outstanding fashion cities in north eastern area. Both taking pictures and recording camcoders were performed at the famous fashion street in Seoul and Dalian. The period of investigation was from 24th of July to 2nd of August 2008. The result of research are as follows. Generally, the casual style was predominant in both area. The jean casual in Seoul was somewhat tidy and conservative, while that in Dalian showed the tendency of boldly exposed their body. In terms of easy casual, T-shirts and mini-tight skirt were preferred in Seoul, while T-shirts and midi-flare skirt was popular in Dalian. In Seoul, the blouse and mini skirt were in vogue, while one-piece dress, blouse and 5/7/9 length pants were prevalent in Dalian, in case of romantic style. The sports casual was relatively low in frequency in both areas, however, it was relatively more popular in Dalian than in Seoul. The frequency of classic style was similar in both areas. The T-shirts/blouse and Chanel-line skirt were preferred in Seoul, while the combination of jacket/shirts and full-length straight pants were preferred in Dalian. The one-piece dress was predominant in feminine style, the combination of mini one-piece dress and shoulder bag prevalent in Seoul, while the combination of Chanel-line one-piece dress designed as boldly exposed body was popular in Dalian, which shows the tendency of sexy, feminine style. The clear contrast or differences of street styles in Seoul and Dalian would become evident by this research. The continuous investigations into the various regions of China would be expected as an important measure for the successful launching into the Chinese fashion market.

한국가스공사 분당사옥 발파해체 시공사례 (Case Study on the Explosive Demolition of the KOGAS Office Building in Bundang District)

  • 김상민;박근순;손병민;김호준;김희도;김갑수
    • 화약ㆍ발파
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.48-61
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    • 2018
  • 본 사례연구는 성남시 분당구에 위치한 한국가스공사(KOGAS) 분당사옥 건물의 발파해체 프로젝트에 관한 것이다. 대상건물은 긴 경간을 갖는 보 구조물이라는 특징 때문에 프로젝트 초기에는 잭 서포트를 이용한 기계식 해체공법이 고려되었다. 하지만 과도한 보강비용과 안전상의 불확실성, 그리고 공사기간의 장기화 우려 때문에 발파해체공법을 대안공법으로 적용하였다. 폭약의 기폭순서는 붕괴과정 중에 주변의 건물 및 시설물 방호를 목적으로 정교하게 설계하였으며, 대상건물은 왼쪽 전방을 향해 붕괴되도록 유도하였다. 1층, 2층 및 5층에 위치한 발파기둥들에 설치된 폭약을 순차적으로 기폭시키는 데에는 총 550개 이상의 전자뇌관(Unitronic 600)이 사용되었다. 분진발생을 저감하기 위해 각각의 발파대상 기둥과 바닥에는 작은 물주머니와 큰 물주머니를 각각 설치하였다. 이와 같이 본 프로젝트에서는 대상건물의 발파해체 시에 발생될 것으로 예상되는 소음, 분진 및 충격진동을 경감시키기 위해 총체적인 노력을 경주하였다.