• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2021

An experiment was conducted to observe the effect of polybag size on the growth and quality of Khaya anthotheca seedlings during September 2016 to June 2017 at the nursery of Silvicultural Research Division of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute. Three different polybag size such as T₁ (15 cm×23 cm), T₂ (13 cm×18 cm) and T₃ (11 cm×15 cm) with four replications were used for the experiment. The experiment was designed in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Different sized polybags showed significant influence on survival percentage (T₁-100%, T₂-93.5%, T₃-88%) and growth parameters (height, root collar diameter, leave number and root length) of the seedlings. The species grown in T₁ size polybag was observed to be superior to other bag size. Dickson's Quality index of seedlings raised in T₁ size polybag was observed highest value which is the indicator of best quality seedlings. Therefore, the use of T₁ poly bag size can be suggested for seedling production of K. anthotheca in the nursery.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2023

Pumilio (Pum) is an RNA-binding protein and translational repressor important to diverse biological processes. In the Drosophila ovary, Pum is expressed in female germline stem cells (GSCs), wherein it acts as an intrinsic stem cell maintenance factor via repressing target mRNAs that are as yet mostly unknown. Pum recognizes the Pum binding sequence (PBS) in the mRNA 3'UTR through its C-terminus Puf domain. Translational repression is mediated through its N-terminal domain, but the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. We previously showed that Bag-of-marbles, a critical differentiation-promoting factor of female GSCs, physically interacts with the N-terminus of Pum. We further showed that this interaction is critical to Bam inhibition of Pum repressive action in cultured cells, but the physiological relevance was not addressed. Here we design an in vivo GFP translational reporter bearing the PBS in its 3'UTR and show that GFP expression is reduced in cells wherein Pum is known to be active. Furthermore, we demonstrate in pum mutant ovary that this GFP repression requires Pum, and also that the sensor faithfully monitors Pum activity. Finally, we show that forced expression of Bam inhibits Pum-mediated repression, validating that Bam inhibits Pum activity in vivo.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 2015

Since spatio-temporal local features for video representation have become an important issue of modeless bottom-up approaches in action recognition, various methods for feature extraction and description have been proposed in many papers. In particular, BoF(bag of features) has been promised coherent recognition results. The most important part for BoF is how to represent dynamic information of actions in videos. Most of existing BoF methods consider the video as a spatio-temporal volume and describe neighboring 3D interest points as complex volumetric patches. To simplify these complex 3D methods, this paper proposes a novel method that builds BoF representation as a way to learn 2D interest points directly from video data. The basic idea of proposed method is to gather feature points not only from 2D xy spatial planes of traditional frames, but from the 2D time axis called spatio-temporal frame as well. Such spatial-temporal features are able to capture dynamic information from the action videos and are well-suited to recognize human actions without need of 3D extensions for the feature descriptors. The spatio-temporal BoF approach using SIFT and SURF feature descriptors obtains good recognition rates on a well-known actions recognition dataset. Compared with more sophisticated scheme of 3D based HoG/HoF descriptors, proposed method is easier to compute and simpler to understand.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2008

This study was carried out to develop artificial culture method of Grifola frondosa in polypropylene bag. To find out the favorable substrate formulation of G. frondosa, physicochemical conditions were investigated. The T2 formulation (55 : 25 : 12 : 8) mixing ratio of oak sawdust, oak chip, dried bean-curd refuse and wheat bran showed the shortest time to complete the crop cycle and the highest yield (weight of fresh mushrooms harvested at maturity). Those physicochemical conditions were pH 4.3, 2.4% crude fat contents, 54.1% total carbon, 1.42% total nitrogen, 38.1 C/N ratio, 75.5% porosity and $0.21\;g/cm^3$ bulk density. Among the physicochemical factors, pH, crude fat and total nitrogen may affect mushroom yield. Therefore, development of favorable substrate would be benefit to increase production efficiency of G. frondosa, mushrooms and be commercial potential.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.364-371
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• 2005

Packaging bags and corrugated boxes prepared from newly developed antimicrobial packaging paper had greater ability to prolong freshness of packed fruits, and lower weight loss of fruits and microbial growth than non-treated bags and boxes. Addition of zeolite to paper greatly increased absorbance of aging hormone, $C_{2}H_{4}$, emitted from stored fruits, and contributed to decrease in putrefied fruits during storage. Water repellent agent such as alkyl ketone dimer played significant role in preventing functional paper from absorbing water from stored fruits, leading to preservation of fresh weight in stored fruits. Because rise in production cost of functional packaging paper could be offset by reduction of fruit and vegetable wastes, storing fruits and vegetables in functional paper containers was more economical than storing in non-treated containers.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.676-679
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• 2006

Purpose: Breast volume is one of the crucial measurements in preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of the results in mammoplasty. There are several methods suggested by different authors, but there is still no commonly accepted standard methods for measuring breast volume. To help the surgeons to base their estimation on an objective evaluation, we developed a simple method using Polyethylene bag and plaster molding. Methods: After Polyethylene bags were put in suitable size on both breasts of the patient in upright position, silk plaster was molded on the surface evenly. Then molds can be obtained after marking boundaries of breasts with a pen. Breast volume measurement can be done by filling water in the molds and measuring it. Moreover, postoperative design for natural skin brassier was possible using the molds. Results: This method was applied to 2 patients for reduction mammoplasty and the breast volume measurement was simple, hygienic and accurate, done within 10 minutes. Conclusion: This method using Polyethylene bag and plaster molding has several advantages. 1. It is comparatively accurate regardless of the size and shape of patient's breasts in upright position. 2. Measurement time is short and inconvenience and shame of patients can be reduced by making molds after putting on Polyethylene bags. 3. It is relatively economical and uses easily available hygienic materials. 4. The postoperative shape and volume of breasts can be predicted by using molds preoperatively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.545-557
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• 2020

With the increasing interest on K-fashion all over the world, it's the important time to create the items which can express the unique identity of Korea for promoting the globalization of Korean fashion. Accordingly, this study aims to suggest the modern applicability of traditional patterns by designing the bags using the Dancheong patterns(traditional multi-colored decorative painting) which can effectively express Korean images in a variety of shapes and definite visual features and then expand the scope of fashion items. To this end, this study concentrated on expressing the Dancheong patterns to fit to the modern fashion trends by re-interpreting them. The bag was designed using the laser cutting technique, without weaving or digital printing, to imbue the technical emotion and 3D effect to the patterns. In accordance with the analysis results, the features of patterns could be delicately expressed around the shaping and structuring method in terms of the design, and the scope of design for leather goods could be expanded using the laser cutting in technical aspects. For the industrial aspects, it is required to develop differentiated goods expressing the unique emotion of the Korean for globalization of Korean design.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of book bag handling styles and types of footwear on muscle activation of erector spine muscles and calf muscles. Methods : Ten participants took off their book bags and used sneakers to walk on a treadmill for 30 minutes. The following day, 10 participants put on their backpack with 10% of the weight and used sneakers to walk on the treadmill for 30 minutes. On the last day, 10 participants put on their backpack with 10% of the weight and used formal shoes to walk on the treadmill for 30 minutes. After walking on the treadmill at 3 mph for thirty minutes, we measured muscle activation in erector spine muscles and calf muscles. Results : The results of this study showed the activation of the erector spine muscles and the calf muscles significantly increased when walking with a book bag and the activation of the erector spine muscles and the calf muscles significantly increased when walking in formal shoes. Conclusion : Using a backpack and formal shoes increase muscle activity of erector spine muscles and calf muscles. The results of this study indicate that not using a backpack and wearing sneakers are more beneficial than that using a backpack weighted 10% and wearing formal shoes and can be recommended to adult women by clinicians.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.212-223
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• 2007

18 Local exhaust ventilation systems in 10 melting companies located in an industrial complex were tested to know the status of maintenance. Test items were fan flowrates, fan static pressures, rotational speeds and differential pressures of bag filters. Only 22% of the tested fans has more than 80% flowrate efficiency. 44% of the fans has lower than 60% efficiency. The performance of the fans are not in a good status. For the fans with lower than 60% efficiency, the analysis shows that the lower flowrate might be caused by the degradation of fan performance. On the other hand, for the fan s with higher than 60% efficiency, the main cause of flowrate reduction might be too much pressure losses due to clogging of filter bags. The degradation of fans usually lead the reduction of hood capture efficiency, resulting in the increase of contaminant concentrations in workplace. To keep fans in good status, self inspections should be periodically conducted. This inspection should include the measurements of flowrate and pressures. The most important thing to be performed is the initial test of local exhaust ventilation system because the initial test data should be used to know the level of system degradation.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2005

In this study, a large-scale laboratory model test and 2-D numerical analysis were conducted to verify the reinforcement effect by utilizing geotextile bag on the railway roadbed. Static loading which simulated train load was applied on the geotextile-reinforced railway roadbed and also unreinforced railway roadbed. Computer program named Pentagon 2-D which is a part of FEM programs was used in the numerical analysis. Based on the results of laboratory test and 2-D numerical analysis, the effect of load distribution and settlement reduction was found to be depending on the geotextile characteristics, tensile strength of geotextile, and interface friction angle between geotextile bags. In general, the result of 2-D numerical analysis shows lower value than that of laboratory test.